• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.107-127
• /
• 1984

An anthecological study of Tilia in Korea was undertaken for six native and one introduced species. Flowers are protoandrous with anther and stigma opening during the day-time in section(sect) Anastraea and the night-time in sect Astrophilyra. Nectar production was coincided with anther and stigma opening. It is revealed that the primary role of floral bracts was attracting pollinators especially in sect Astrophilyra. The peak of stamen and stigma function, and the production of nectar and odor were closely related with pollinator attraction. Forthy-three species of insects in 30 families were identified for the pollination studies; bees were the most commonly observed visitors in sect Anastraea, while moths were the primary visitors in sect Astrophilyra. Pollination study indicate that it is section specific. But within a section, pollination is not species specific thus interspecific hybridization occurs.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1987.07a
• /
• pp.283-307
• /
• 1987

Glycinin and $\beta$-conglycinin are the most abundant storage protein in soybean. These proteins are known to be synthesized predominantly during germination and cell expansion phase of seed development for short period, and synthesized not in other tissues. Genes encoding these storage proteins are useful system to study the mechanism of development stage and tissue specific gene expression in eukaryotes, especially plants, at the molecular level. The cDNA and genomic clones coding for glycinin have been isolated and regulation mechanism of the gene expression has been studied. Initially, development and tissue-specific expression of the glycinin gene is regulated at the level of transcription. Post-transcriptional processing is also responsible for delayed accumulation of the mRNA. Translational control of the storage protein gene has not been reported. Post-translational modification is another strategic point to regulate the expression of the gene. It is possible to identify positive and/or negative reguratory clements in vivo by producing transgenic plants agter gene manipulation. Elucidation of activation and repression mechanism of soybean storage protein genes will contribute to the understanding of the other plant and eukaryotic genes at molecular level.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 1993

Both polar and gravity-induced lateral transport of auxin was markedly reduced in corn coleoptile segments by octanol treatment. Octanol enhance net auxin uptake without affecting that of benzoic acid, suggesting that the effect did not result from a nonspecific action on general membrane permeability. Since naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) action on both transport and net uptake of auxin was substantially decreased in the presence of octanol, a specific interaction of octanol with the NPA site (efflux carrier) can be postulated. Studies on in vitro binding of NPA to membrane vesicles indicated that octanol did not interfere with NPA binding. When basipetal transport of auxin was impared by plasmolysis, octanol still inhibited auxin transport in the plasmolyzed tissues. The results ruled out the possibility of octanol acting at the plasmodesmata. Kinetic analysis of growth indicated that IAA-sustained growth was rapidly blocked by octanol implicating a common system by which auxin transport is linked to auxin action. Possible mechanisms for octanol action will be discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.193-203
• /
• 2020

Volatile compounds (VOCs) are not only media for communication within a species but also effective tools for sender to manipulate behavior and physiology of receiver species. Although the influence of VOCs on the interactions among organisms is evident, types of VOCs and specific mechanisms through which VOCs work during such interactions are only beginning to become clear. Here, we review the fungal volatile compounds (FVOCs) and their impacts on different recipient organisms from perspective of distinct lifestyles of the filamentous fungi. Particularly, we discuss the possibility that different lifestyles are intimately associated with an ability to produce a repertoire of FVOCs in fungi. The FVOCs discussed here have been identified and analyzed as relevant signals under a range of experimental settings. However, mechanistic insight into how specific interactions are mediated by such FVOCs at the molecular levels, amidst complex community of microbes and plants, requires further testing. Experimental designs and advanced technologies that attempt to address this question will facilitate our understanding and applications of FVOCs to agriculture and ecosystem management.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.377-382
• /
• 1993

Rice (Oryza saliva L.) calli containing both embryogenic callus (EC) and non embryogenic callus (NEC) regions were initiated from the mature seed on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L kinetin. The calli were developed into two callus type which can be distinguished by visual examination depending on color and appearance. In order to illucidate the polypeptide composition between EC and NEC, the total protein extracted from two types of callus was analysed by electrophoresis. By one-dimesional anlaysis of SDS-PAGE and Isoelectric focusing, several protein bands showed quantitative and qualitative difference in each type of callus. The further analysis of the total protein with two-dimensional electrophoresis showed at least 20 EC specific protein and 10 NE specific protein. Also 3 specific protein spots showing micro heterogeneity of 90, 65, 50 kD were detected in EC, while a series of acidic heterologous protein spots were visualized in NEC.in NEC.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1986

Intra- and inter-specific protoplast fusion of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Virginia 115) and pea (Pisum sativum cv. Sparkle) were carried out in highly inhomogeneous alternating electric fields. Under the electric field of alternating current (AC, sine wave), 600 V/cm and 800 kHz for tobacco protoplast, and 600 V/cm and 700 kHz for pea protoplasts, the protoplasts were aggregated in pearl chains. Intra-specific protoplast fusions were most effectively induced within the aggregates of tobacco and pea, respectively, by the additional application of a single high field pulse of direct current (DC, square wave) at 1 kV/cm for 50 $mutextrm{s}$. Inter-specific fusions between protoplasts of the two plants were most effectively induced in the electric field of 600 V/cm and 700 kHz, and square wave pulse at 1 kV/cm for 50 $mutextrm{s}$. The duration of the pulse over the electrical breakdown voltages was simulated from 1 to 100 $mutextrm{s}$ in both tobacco and pea protoplast. The yield of the electrofusion products was significantly high (above 60%), compared with that (20%) of the standard fusion method by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4,000, and the viability of electrofused protoplasts was above 70%, but that of PEG-fused protoplasts 8~16%, when determined by Evan's blue staining method.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.164-170
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to develop DNA probe for specific detection of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Universal rice primer (URP, 20 mer) developed from repetitive sequence of rice was applied for producing PCR DNA fingerprints of Erwinis spp. In E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains, primer URP2F amplyfied polymorphic bands which are distinguisable from other Erwinia spp. A PCR band of 0.6 kb selected from PCr polymorphic bands of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains was cloned and evaluated as a diagnostic DNA probe. Among 28 bacterial strains including 22 Erwinia spp, the probe (pECC2F) only hybridized to total DNAs from e. carotovora subsp. carotovora strains and E. carotovora subsp. wasabiae, but sizes of hybridized bands were different between these subspecies, 10.0 kb and 3.5 kb respectively. In dot blot assays using probe pECC2F, as few as 103 colony forming units (CFU) of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora could be detected in a suspension containing about 1$\times$103 CFU of soil bacteria.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 1996

To know the changes of rbcL mRNA level by illumination, Northern hybridization analysis was performed with maize (Zea mays L.cv. Golden X Bantam). The average level of rbcL. mRNA in the light-grown shoots was 3.1 times higher than that of the dark-grown shoots after 6 to 10 growth days. The maximum difference of rbcL mRNA level between the dark-grown and the light-grown shoots was 5.1 folds. These results indicate that accumulation of rbcL mRNAin maize shoots is induced by light. Since the transcriptional DNA binding proteins and their cognate promoter elements, we carried out gel-retardation assays to elucidate the specific binding proteins on the rbcL promoter. It was found that plastid proteins of light-grown shoots bound to the R2 DNA fragment (-33 to -229) and R3 DNA fragment (-230 to -418 from ATG) of the rbcL promoter. From the results of competitive binding assays and heat or protease treatments, it was demonstrated that the bindings were sequence-specific DNA-protein interactions. Therefore, it could be concluded that the rbcL promoter region has at least two specific recognition sites for plastid proteins.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2019

The effects of liquid phase ozonation on seed dormant alleviation and subsequent seedling growth were studied using two plant seeds of Indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica L.) and Indian mallow (Abutilon avicennae Gaertn.). At a constant ozone concentration ($80g/m^3$), contact time varied from 10 to 60 min with 10 min interval. Germination rate, root length, and specific root length were compared after 3-day incubation on gel-medium. The germination rate increased significantly (p<0.05) in the 50 min treatment of Indian mallow by 30% compared to the control. Enhanced root elongation was observed in the seeds of 30 min treatment of Indian jointvetch and 30~50 min treatment of Indian mallow. Specific root length, an indicator of environmental change, did not show significant changes, suggesting the level of ozone treatment has no adverse effect on seedling development. The results indicate that liquid phase seed ozonation can be an effective on-site germination alleviation method in the application of phytoremediation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.681-686
• /
• 2021

It is difficult to distinguish melanose and melanoses-like symptoms with the naked eye because they appear similar. To accurately detect melanose symptoms caused by Diaporthe citri from melanose-like symptoms, we developed PCR-based specific primers Dcitri by aligning the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of D. citri with the ITS of Diaporthe cytosporella, Diaporthe foeniculina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria citri, and Fusarium oxysporum found on citrus peel. PCR results showed that the specific product was amplified in D. citri but not in other isolates including, C. gloeosporioides, B. cinerea, A. citri, F. oxysporum. In addition, specific products were observed in melanose symptoms caused by D. citri but not in melanose-like symptoms, such as copper-injury, sunscald, damages by yellow tea thrips, and pink citrus rust mite. Using the Dcitri primers developed in this study, it is expected that melanose caused by D. citri could be accurately distinguished from melanose-like symptoms.