• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.879-894
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• 2016

In micro-fluid systems, fluids are injected into extremely narrow polymer channels in small amounts such as micro-, nano-, or pico-liter scales. These channels themselves are embedded on tiny chips. Various specialized structures in the chips including pumps, valves, and channels allow the chips to accept different types of fluids to be entered the channel and along with flowing through the channels, exert their effects in the framework of different reactions. The chips are generally crystal, silicon, or elastomer in texture. These highly organized structures are equipped with discharging channels through which products as well as wastes of the reactions are secreted out. A particular advantage regarding the use of fluids in micro-scales over macro-scales lies in the fact that these fluids are much better processed in the chips when they applied as micro-scales. When the laboratory is miniaturized as a microchip and solutions are injected on a micro-scale, this combination makes a specialized construction referred to as "lab-on-chip". Taken together, micro-fluids are among the novel technologies which further than declining the costs; enhancing the test repeatability, sensitivity, accuracy, and speed; are emerged as widespread technology in laboratory diagnosis. They can be utilized for monitoring a wide spectrum of biological disorders including different types of cancers. When these microchips are used for cancer monitoring, circulatory tumor cells play a fundamental role.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 1996

The fruit wall anatomy of Ocotea was investigated on the basis of 14 species within the genus to contribute to a better understanding of specific relationships and homogeneity of genus. The species have a similar mature fruit wall structure, but diUerences among the species are found with respect to whether or not sdc.nchyma cells are present in the mesocarp. if present, whether or not they are present in particular positions and forms. Comparisons with species studied suggested that at least a few groups of species can be distinguished in Ocotea. They arc divided into five groups on the basis of anatomical structures. i.e., group 1) O. atrriensis, O. cujumari, O. helicterifolia, O. rubra and O. schomburgkiana; group 2) O. aeiphylla, O. javitensis, and O. sp. [Werff et ai. 12676]; group 3) O. tonduzii: group 4) O. foetens, O. quixos, and O. veraguensis; and group 5) O. floribunda and O. nitida. These various variations in Ocntea were also discussed to invite its respective systematic revisions. By the comparisons with species, on the other hand, it suggested that the specialized species are evolved from non-specialized species.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2007

Phase change material-related patents filed at Korea Institute of Patent Information(KIPI) and United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) were analyzed for understanding the PCM's technological level of Korea and providing the information for establishing the research development policy concerned with high technology fibers. Patent data from 1980 to 2005 collected from KIPI and USPTO internet sites were examined using the number of patents and share of assignees in patents. The contents of patent were classified according to IPC(International Patent Classification) and assignees were divided into individual and firm/public body. The results of comparing total number of patents in USA with that in Korea showed USA had as 2.3 times as Korea had. The number of patents of USA had increased steadily since 1980 whereas that of Korea sharply since 2001. The number of patents of Korea from 2001 to 2005 was more than that of USA. USA was specialized in fundamental technology and Korea was specialized in application area with PCM. Assignees who had the most patents were firms and the next were individuals. Assignees who applied for several patents were more in USA than in Korea and patent application numbers per the assignees were higher for USA.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze health promotion programs utilizing forests by reviewing regional healthcare program plans in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 227 regional healthcare program plans from 2011 to 2014; seven health promotion programs of the 16 major healthcare programs were prescribed by public health law. Results: Our analysis revealed that only 35 health promotion programs from 29 sites were utilizing forests. Furthermore, of 21 known categories of health promotion programs, only nine incorporated the use of forests. Atopy-asthma healthcare programs were the most common forest health promotion programs, which also included specialized disease management programs (e.g., for atopy prevention and healing, patients with metabolic syndrome or cancer) and specialized mental health management programs (e.g., for addiction or dementia prevention). Others included programs on the development of forest roads or industrial development using forest products. Conclusion: Health programs using forests in Korea are still very limited and primarily comprise atopy-asthma prevention/management, health behavioral change, and mental health programs. This study provided useful information for developing health policies and forest health promotion programs further in Korea.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2012

Purpose: This study compared the surface hardness (Vickers) and microstructural characteristics between a type IV stone with and without die hardening treatment, a polyurethane die material. Methods: Materials used were a type IV stone(MG Crystal Rock), two die hardeners (Hardening bath, Epox-it), and a polyurethane resin material(Polyluck). Six specimens per group were prepared according to manufacturer's directions. The prepared specimens were tested by means of hardness test, one-way ANOVA analysis, scanning electron microscopic(SEM) observations and energy dispersive spectroscopic(EDS) analysis. Results: In the hardness test and its statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in the surface hardness between a type IV stone and type IV stone with die hardener coating, type IV stone mixed with an epoxy like material instead of water. In contrast, polyurethane resin material exhibited significantly greater surface hardness than other specimen groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: By considering the results of the hardness test, SEM observations and EDS analysis, although the die hardeners on type IV stone did not show remarkable improvement in surface hardness, the die hardener coating on the surface of type IV stone material did show decrease of microporous and improvement of surface defects.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1159-1168
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• 2020

In the past, control and monitor of a large number of instruments is a specialized area, which requires an expensive dedicated module to implement. However, with the recent development of embedded technology, various products capable of performing M&C (Monitor and Control) have been released, and the scope of application is expanding. Accordingly, it is possible to more easily build a small M&C environment than before. In this paper, we discussed a method to replace the M&C of the VLBI system, which had to be implemented through a specialized hardware product, with an inexpensive general imbeded technology. Memory based data transmission, reception and storage is a technology that is already generalized not only in VLBI but also in the network field, and more effective M&C can be implemented when some items of Ethernet are optimized for the VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometer) system environment. In this paper, we discuss in depth the design and implementation for the multidrop based IoT architecture.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1991

The SKINTEX Method is based on a two-compartment physico-chemical model which includes a Biomembrane Barrier in compartment one and an organized macromolecular matrix in compartment two. Test samples absorb onto or permeate through the keratin/collagen Biomembrane Barrier and then can interact with the organized macromolecular matrix. Changes in the integrity of the barrier release a dye indicator: Changes in the matrix can alter its transparency. The sum of these two responses is read spectrophotometrically at 470nm. An early investigation of 950 chemicals and formulations in the SKINTEX System produced results which were 89% concordance to in vivo Draize dermal irritation results obtained with 24-hour occluded application of test samples with-out abrasion and standard scoring. Alkaline materials were analyzed in a specialized SKINTEX AMA Protocol. In this early study, the model did not distinguish nonirritant test materials and formulation with PDII(Primary Dermal Irritation Index)in the range from 0 to 1.2, A High Sensitivity Assay Protocol(HSA)was developed to amplify the changes in both compartments of this model and provide more accurate calibration of these changes. A study of 60 low irritation test samples including cosmetics, household products, chemicals and petro-chemicals distinguished nonirritants with PDII $\leq$ 0.7 for 26 of 30 nonirritants. A second protocol was developed to evaluate the SKINTEX model predictability with respect to human irritation. The Human Response Assay (HRA )has been optimized based on differences in penetration and irritation responses in humans and rabbits. An additional 32 test materials with different mechanisms and degrees of dermal toxicity were evaluated by the HRA. These in vitro results were 86% concordant to human patch test results. In order to further evaluate this model, a Standard Chemical Labelling (SCL) Protocol was developed to optimize this system to predict Draize dermal irritation results after a 4-hour application of the test material. In a study of 52 chemicals including acids, bases, solvents, salts, surfactants and preservatives, the SCL results demonstrated 85% concordance to Draize results for a 4-hour application of test samples on non-abraded rabbit skin. The SKINTEX System, including three specialized protocols, provided results which demonstrated good correlation to the endpoint of dermal irritation in man and rabbits at different application times.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.161-175
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• 2013

This study investigates the impact of the attributes of the eco-friendly agricultural products traceability system on perceived value and behavioral intention. Empirical subjects are those who live in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, over the age of 20 and have experience of buying eco-friendly agricultural products though department stores, discount stores and specialized eco-friendly product stores. After distributing 550 copies of questionnaire from April 10th, 2013 to May 9th, 2013, 470 copies(85.5%) are used for a final statistical analysis of the survey after excluding the copies with biased opinions or missing values. The results of this study show sufficient theoretical base for future research by verifying a causal relationships between the attributes of eco-friendly agricultural products traceability system such as reliability, safety and innovation, and consumers' perceived value and behavioral intention. Therefore, producers should correctly record producing history base so that consumers can continue to use the system. The traceability system can not only satisfy consumers by enhancing transparent management and producing systems for eco-friendly products but also guarantee us to eat all products we get without worries.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.133-141
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• 2020

This study aims to conduct product design class using scamper technique and to verify its creative effectiveness. Therefore, this study conducted a product design class using SCAMPER to 52 students in the second year of specialized high school, analyzed the results, and verified the effectiveness of idea generation through SCAMPER with a survey. As a result, most of the students used the 'combine' and 'modify' techniques most often to combine other products with existing products or to find and correct problems of existing products. Second, when using SCAMPER, 'flexibility' and 'reconstruction' were used among the creative components. It turned out to provide the ability to see objects from a new perspective. Third, the results of the post-class survey showed that students' satisfaction with the class using SCAMPER was high, which helped them to develop creative ideas.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2018

This study was attempted to provide data for establishing appropriate guidelines and control standards for accurate information and production of dyes and pigments through the analysis of representative heavy metals and other metals used in cosmetic tattoos. A total of 30 tattoo products for cosmetics were selected from among the representative heavy metals such as arsenic, antimony, cobalt, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, barium, tin, selenium, chromium and magnesium, manganese(15kinds) were analyzed. As a result of examining the contents of heavy metals in dyes and pigments used in cosmetic tattoo products, it was found that the total of 20products(66.7%) exceeded the reference value and found to be unsuitable for safety standards. It is suggested that the guidance of the specialized agency for safe procedures, appropriate control controls and standards for the dyes and pigments used, and the potential risks of heavy metals are needed.