• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.623-631
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• 1995

The parents of cerebral palsy children are identified as special individual with responsibilities and roles beyond those of other parents. Physical therapist often direct their attention to the cerebrel palsy child without supporting. teaching or appreciating the parent. As parents are the most influential factor in the child's development and because parents generally have a need to be incorporated in their child's treatment and education. education regarding treatment is essential for the parent. Parents tend to seek information about their child's disability and desire accurate. Straight foreward and complete information about their child. Parent groups are advantageous organizations in that they provide mutual support and emotional and social outlets. While learning to accept a disabled child. parents must deal with additional stressful events which occur when community involvement with the cerebral palsy child begins. The parents are immediately thrust into new roles as they come into contact with medical specialists, physical therapist or other parents of disabled children. These events contribute to a psychological stress. sense of loss and lowing of selfesteem.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Historical earthquakes have shown that successive seismic events may occur in regions of high seismicity. Such a sequence of earthquakes has the potential to increase the damage level of the structures, since any rehabilitation between the successive ground motions is practically impossible due to lack of time. Few studies about this issue can be found in literature, most of which focused their attention on the seismic response of SDOF systems or planar frame structures. The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of seismic sequences on the damage level of 3D multistorey R/C buildings with various structural systems. For the purposes of the above investigation a comprehensive assessment is conducted using three double-symmetric and three asymmetric in plan medium-rise R/C buildings, which are designed on the basis of the current seismic codes. The buildings are analyzed by nonlinear time response analysis using 80 bidirectional seismic sequences. In order to account for the variable orientation of the seismic motion, the two horizontal accelerograms of each earthquake record are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes forming 12 different angles with the structural axes. The assessment of the results revealed that successive ground motions can lead to significant increase of the structural damage compared to the damage caused by the corresponding single seismic events. Furthermore, the incident angle can radically alter the successive earthquake phenomenon depending on the special characteristics of the structure, the number of the sequential earthquakes, as well as the distance of the record from the fault.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.73-83
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the CSR activities of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry in South Korea. Since previous research on CSR activities has considerably focused on large enterprises whereas small enterprises have relatively less attention, this study aims to explore the characteristics of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry and their CSR activities. Research design, data, and methodology - The population of interest for this study was social enterprises registered in Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency (2016), and it was used to verify the social enterprises which has a certification for social enterprises. From 1672 companies in total, the sampling frame was a database with 117 companies in hospitality and tourism industry. This study investigates social enterprises' CSR activities on the company's official websites (e.g., company reports, magazines, the news articles, and interviews). The websites of the selected enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry were analyzed for examining CSR activities by the quantitative content analysis. All of the CSR activities in small social enterprises were classified into six dimensions based on the stakeholder theory. Results - The findings of this study provide the characteristics of the 117 small social enterprises and their specific CSR initiatives. A total of eight main business lines were identified: 1) fair travel, 2) leisure/sports, 3) accommodation/camping, 4) medical tourism, 5) exhibitions/art events/cultural events, 6) leisure activities for vulnerable social groups, 7) Korean traditional culture, and 8) ecotourism/agricultural tourism. The CSR initiatives were classified into six dimensions: 1) environment, 2) employment, 3) multicultural families and vulnerable social groups, 4) local community, 5) economic prosperity, and 6) product. Conclusions - This study revealed the special CSR initiative examples of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry. Small social enterprises participate in CSR activities mainly related to their own business lines. Moreover, these enterprises are more closely embedded in their local community development, job creation and education for local residents and vulnerable social groups, and traditional heritage preservation. The findings of this study provide theoretical and practical implications and they can contribute to enrich CSR with literature for small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.539-545
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• 2020

This study was designed to find out the efficacy of college students' lecture participation in online real-time lectures conducted at university due to the Corona virus events. Participants in this study are 701 students attending the W University in the J region and participating in real-time online lectures. The tools of this study consisted of four factors: interaction, learning improvement, adaptation, and accessibility. The results of this study are as follows: First, accessibility is the highest efficacy among college students' real-time online lectures participation and interaction is the lowest. Second, the efficacy of real-time online lecture participation of university students differed according to gender, grade, major, and access devices. This study is meaningful in that it confirmed the applicability of real-time online teaching method due to corona virus and confirmed the applicability of real-time online teaching as a method to prepare for the arrival of full-scale distance education in the post-Corona era. Lastly, it was suggested that the online class management method and support for each college major reflect the changes of the times.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Objectives : Autobiographical memory (ABM) is a special type of episodic memory, containing events that have occurred in a personal life. Overgeneral tendency of ABM refers to the retrieval of memory with only general and categorical descriptions rather than specific events. ABM specificity in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder is a robust finding with relation to cognitive vulnerability, affect regulation, problem-solving ability. It is also implicated in bipolar disorder with frequent relapses. In this study, we investigated whether ABM specificity was related to manic or euthymic mood states in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods : Forty bipolar patients with manic and euthymic episodes and 25 healthy controls participated in this study. Prompted by 5 positively and 5 negatively valenced emotional cue words, each participant was instructed to recall positive or negative memories and describe them in detail. The One-way ANOVA was used to compare ABM scores and post-hoc analyses were done. Results : Comapred to the healthy persons, the bipolar patients reported significantly more general than specific negative memories in both manic and euthymic episodes (p = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference between manic and euthymic patients (p = 0.074). Conclusions : These results suggest that overgeneral tendency of negative ABM may be a trait abnormality in bipolar disorder. Moreover, this phenomenon might be related to underlying cognitive deficits or affect regulation irrespective of the mood state.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.3-21
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• 2011

In this study, several experiments were designed to test the effectiveness of social media in export marketing. In particular, the experiments were made using Twitter and Facebook. The results showed that users' interest were able to increase the effects combined with B2B and B2C marketing events. The B2C marketing events could be made by personal target Event, Poll event, guest comments and social commerce. The B2B marketing was performed using Page Manager, Affiliate page, building and affiliate marketing group. Special features of Facebook such as social plug-in, Twitter integration, and Photo Tagging were found effective. A couple of implications were found in this study. First, the link between social media channel system was key success factor in effective export marketing. Second, the corporate marketing mix and social media consistent with the marketing mix strategy, communication between the managers and the managers' competencies were obtained for the key success factors.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Purpose : Local medicinal herb festivals present the history of the Korean medicine and cultural resources in the regions to play an important role in attracting tourists, vitalizing local economy, and improving the local image. Therefore, it is important to understand the origin of the festival and grasp historical and cultural meaning of local medicinal herb festivals. Methods : I compared the books and articles presented in the reference list. Results & Conclusions : Local medicinal herb festivals originates from traditional yangnyeongsi. Since the $17^{th}$ century, yangnyeongsi has grown up as a special market. Implementation of the Daedong Act promoted commodity and monetary economy that helped commerce and industry develop and market grow up. It also made changes in the social status system and yangnyeongsi has been such a historical phenomenon appeared in this social background. The growth of yangnyeongsi contributed to the progress in the private medicine that triggered the gradual transfer of power in the medicine to the private sector which has long been held by the government. In yangnyeongsi, there were many cultural events to attract visitors. It's the same case in China that preserves stages that were used for cultural events in the medicine market to pass down the historic sites while those in Korea are disappearing as yangnyeongsis are being pulled out of the city areas to the suburban areas due to the redevelopment projects. For this reason, restoration of the place for traditional yangnyeongsi should be taken into account through local medicinal herb festivals.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify motivation factors of marathon crew members using Q methodology. Four distinct factors were emerged throughout the analysis: the first factor is 'the major event participation preference' who is seeking mega or big marathon events to enjoy festival atmosphere. The second factor is 'special meaningful event participation preference' who prefers to participate marathon events to help disabled people or childeren. The third factor is 'the tourism type marathon event participation preference' who is seeking to participate marathon event with tourism. The last factor is 'the preference type for record breaking ' who is seeing the place is accessability, a good season and running course to break personal record.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.449-463
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions and entering status of small business online fashion retailers on portal shopping and fashion shopping malls. Case studies were conducted on a total of 10 research samples. The results were as follows: first, regarding the strategic factors of online fashion stores, 'price competitiveness' is important, especially in portal shopping and low-cost brands; 'product assortment' is important but not essential in all platforms; and 'differentiation' is important to continuously secure loyal customers in fashion shopping malls. Customer satisfaction leads to customer loyalty, and customer loyalty affects the sales conversion rate and brand growth of online sales channels. Factors that promoted sales activities in online sales channels were exposure, advertisements, SNS, events, special exhibitions, and events. Hindrance factors were low price competition, overheated competition, and the MD of sales channels. Second, the research samples used multiple online sales channels, including portal shopping malls and fashion shopping malls, in addition to their own malls. The selection factors were platform reputation and commission, branding, and customer inflow through exposure. Portal shopping malls were perceived as providing easy access, advertising/customer communication, exposure/search, price competitiveness, scalability, and intense competition, whereas fashion shopping malls were perceived as providing a brand image and concept, brand promotion, high commissions, difficult entry, and low profits. The factors for success in portal shopping malls were exposure/search, price competitiveness, and brand recognition, whereas the factors for success in fashion shopping malls were differentiation, brand, exposure/advertisement, product assortment, and MD.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2023

Purpose: The statistical analysis of point processes on linear networks is a recent area of research that studies processes of events happening randomly in space (or space-time) but with locations limited to reside on a linear network. For example, traffic accidents happen at random places that are limited to lying on a network of streets. This paper applies techniques developed for point processes on linear networks and the tools available in the R-package spatstat to estimate the intensity of traffic accidents in Leon County, Florida. Methods: The intensity of accidents on the linear network of streets is estimated using log-linear Poisson models which incorporate cubic basis spline (B-spline) terms which are functions of the x and y coordinates. The splines used equally-spaced knots. Ten different models are fit to the data using a variety of covariates. The models are compared with each other using an analysis of deviance for nested models. Results: We found all covariates contributed significantly to the model. AIC and BIC were used to select 9 as the number of knots. Additionally, covariates have different effects such as increasing the speed limit would decrease traffic accident intensity by 0.9794 but increasing the number of lanes would result in an increase in the intensity of traffic accidents by 1.086. Conclusion: Our analysis shows that if other conditions are held fixed, the number of accidents actually decreases on roads with higher speed limits. The software we currently use allows our models to contain only spatial covariates and does not permit the use of temporal or space-time covariates. We would like to extend our models to include such covariates which would allow us to include weather conditions or the presence of special events (football games or concerts) as covariates.