• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제5권
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• pp.1-16
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• 1994

In this paper distributed models for simulating spatially and temporally varied moving storm in a watershed were developed. The complete simulation in a watershed is achieved through two sequential flow simulations which are overland flow simulation and channel network flow simulation. Two dimensional continuity equation and momentum equation of kinematic approximation were used in the overland flow simulation. On the other hand, in the channel network simulation two types of governing equations which are one dimensional continuity and momentum equations between two adjacent sections in a channel, and continuity and energy equations at a channel junction were applied. The finite difference formulations were used in the channel network model. Macks Creek Experimental Watershed in Idaho, USA was selected as a target watershed and the moving storm on August 23, 1965, which continued from 3:30 P.M. to 5:30 P.M., was utilized. The rainfall intensity fo the moving storm in the watershed was temporally varied and the storm was continuously moved from one place to the other place in a watershed. Furthermore, runoff parameters, which are soil types, vegetation coverages, overland plane slopes, channel bed slopes and so on, are spatially varied. The good agreement between the hydrograph simulated using distributed models and the hydrograph observed by ARS are Shown. Also, the conservations of mass between upstreams and downstreams at channel junctions are well indicated and the wpatial and temporal vaiability in a watershed is well simulated using suggested distributed models.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.976-976
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• 2012

The applicability of a distributed rainfall-runoff model for large river basin flood forecasts is analyzed by applying the model to the Nakdong River basin. The spatially explicit hydrologic model was constructed and calibrated by the several storm events. The assimilation of the large scale Nakdong River basin were conducted by calibrating the sub-basin channel outflow, dam discharge in the basin rainfall-runoff model. The applicability of automatic and semi-automatic calibration methods was analyzed for real time calibrations. Further an ensemble distributed rainfall runoff model has been developed to measure the runoff hydrograph generated for any temporally-spatially varied rainfall events, also the runoff of basin can be forecast at any location as well. The results of distributed rainfall-runoff model are very useful for flood managements on the large scale basins. That offer facile, realistic management method for the avoiding the potential flooding impacts and provide a reference for the construct and developing of flood control facilities.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2013

To investigate groundwater variation characteristics in the Hancheon watershed, Jeju Island, an integrated hydrologic component analysis was carried out. For this purpose, SWAT-MODFLOW which is an integrated surface-groundwater model was applied to the watershed for continuous watershed hydrologic analysis as well as groundwater modeling. First, ephemeral stream characteristics of Hancheon watershed can be clearly simulated which is unlikely to be shown by a general watershed hydrologic model. Second, the temporally varied groundwater recharge can be properly obtained from SWAT and then spatially distributed groundwater recharge can be made by MODFLOW. Finally, the groundwater level variation was simulated with distributed groundwater pumping data. Since accurate recharge as well as abstraction can be reflected into the groundwater modeling, more realistic hydrologic component analysis and groundwater modeling could be possible.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2004

The Yellow Sea is known to be a very productive region in terms of fisheries. However, its trophic status seems to be highly variable, ranging from oligotrophic to eutrophic, based on new production (NP) values. The NP and regenerated production (RP) values estimated from $^{15}N$-labelled nitrate and ammonium uptake in spring (April 1996) and winter (February 1997) during this study ranged from 0.05 to 19.8 mg $N m^{-2} d^{-1}$ and from 0.1 to 22.8 mg $N m^{-2}d^{-1}$, respectively. Our measurements and earlier observations suggested that NP in the Yellow Sea varied over the four orders of magnitude (range 0.05-180.9 mg $N m^{-2} d^{-1}$) temporally and spatially, and that RP (range 0.1-507.5 mg $N m^{-2}d^{-l}$) based on ammonium predominated during most period of the year, except in winter when both productions were low. The significant nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton below the euphotic zone and episodic entrainment of phytoplankton from below the euphotic zone into the euphotic zone, and nitrite excretion and dissolved organic nitrogen release during nitrate uptake might explain the apparent dominance of RP in the Yellow Sea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 1997

From 1984 to 1989 reclaimed coastal lands in Choongnam Province of the western coast of Korea were studied for soil texture at three sites(Daeho, Hyundai A and Hyundai B) and for desalination one site(Hyundai B). The soil textures of varied sites in Hyundai A were horizontally similar and composed of 39-40% clay, 40-49% silt and 8-14% sand. But those in Da돼 and Hyundai B differed horizontally in the same area and vertically at the same site. Soil texures of Da돼 were composed of 15-17% clay, 30-45% silt and 40-55% sand and those of Hyundai B were composed of 22-45% clay, 26-49% silt and 17-31% sand. The measured electrical conductivity(EC), which represents whole salt content of the reclaimed soil, decreased year by year. The vertical distribution of the EC changed temporally and spatially in the upper zone above a 50 cm depth but not in The lower zone below a 50 cm depth. The EC valus of the soil were inversely proportional to the magnitued of annual precipitation, evaporation and the numbers of rainy days with r equalling -0.97. But the annual decrease of the EC was directly proportional to climatic factors with r=0.7. Salt in the reclaimed land was leached out by the percolative action of surplus rain water, or moved up by evaporation and carried away by running rain water. The running out of the salt on the soil surface was most efficiently carried out over 10 mm precipitation per day.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.793-804
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• 2000

실제 유역에서 강우량 분포는 시·공간적으로 많은 변화가 있으나 유출량 모의시에는 종종 유역내 동일한 강우량이 분포하는 것으로 가정하여 해석하게된다. 그러나 이러한 가정을 가지고 유출을 모의하게되면 그 정확성에 한계가 따르며, 태풍, 사이클론, 허리케인 등에서 종종 일어나는 이동강우의 경우에는 산출된 유출량의 정확성 문제가 더욱 크게 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 GIS기법을 이용하여 1999년 8월 2일 16:00에서 23:00까지 춘양관측소에서 관측된 등우선도를 활용하여 이동강우 유출특성을 분석하였다. 강우의 이동방향을 서로 다른 8가지 방향으로 달리하여 유출을 모의한 결과 복하천 실험 유역에서는 SE방향에서 최대 첨두유출량이 나타났다. 또한 서로 다른 이동속도를 갖는 이동강우에 따른 유출량을 속도별로 비교한 결과 속도가 낮을수록 더 큰 첨두유출량이 발생하였다. 따라서 유역에서의 유출을 모의하기 위하여 GIS를 활용하는 경우, 자료 준비의 간편성 및 계산시간의 단축과 같은 장점을 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 1993

본 논문에서, 실제 유역에서의 이동강우에 의한 유출현상을 분포형 모델을 이용하여 모의하였다. 실제유역으로 미국 Idaho주의 Macks Creek 실험유역이 선정되었으며, 사용된 이동강우로 1965년 8월23일 15시 30분에서 17시 30분까지 약 2시간에 걸쳐 진행되었던 강우를 채택하였다. 이 강우는 강우 지속 기간동안 강우강도의 값이 상당히 변화하며, 또한 강우 자체가 지역내 한지점으로부터 다른 지점으로 점차적으로 이동되어가는 전형적인 이동강우의 특성을 갖추었다. 또한 이 유역내 지표면을 이루고 있는 토양의 특성, 식물의 피복정도, 지표면의 경사, 하상경사등의 유출 지배 인자들은 각 지점마다 그 값이 다른 전형적 공간분포 형태를 갖추고 있다. 분포형 모델로는 본 논문의 전편에서 개발된 모델을 사용하였는데, 이 모델은 유역내 유출현상을 지표면 흐름과 하천망 흐름으로 나누어 모의한다. 즉, 2차우너의 유한요소 모델을 이용하여 지표면 유출을 모의한후 모의된 지표면의 유출량을 1차원의 유한차분 모델의 입력자료로하여 하천망의 유출을 모의한다. 분포형 모델을 적용하여 유역의 하류지점에서 모의된 유출량과 관측된 유출량은 상당히 일치하고 있고 또한 하천망내 각각의 합류점에서도 상.하류간에 질량의 관계가 잘 보존되고 있었으며, 제안된 분포형 모델을 이요하여 유역내 이동강우가 성공적으로 모의되어다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Agricultural drought is a natural phenomenon that is not easy to observe and predict and is difficult to quantify. In South Korea, the amount of agricultural water used is large and the types of use are varied, so even if an agricultural drought occurs due to insufficient precipitation, the drought actually felt in the irrigated area is it can be temporally and spatially different. In order to interpret the general drought in the past, drought disasters were evaluated using single indicators such as drought damage area, precipitation shortage status, and drought index, and a comprehensive drought management system is needed through drought diagnosis survey. Therefore, we intend to conduct research on agricultural drought assessment and diagnosis using re-evaluation of agricultural facilities and irrigation water supply network due to changes in various conditions such as climate change, irrigation canal network, and evaluation of water supply capacity of agricultural facilities. In this study, agricultural drought diagnosis was conducted on two agricultural reservoirs located in Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, with structural or non-structural evaluations to increase spatiotemporal water supply and efficiency in terms of water shortages. The results of the agricultural drought diagnosis evaluation can be used to identify irrigated areas and canal network vulnerable to drought and to prioritize drought response.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed the impacts of land surface characteristics on spatially and temporally distributed soil moisture values at the Yongdam and Soyang-river dam watersheds in 2014 and 2015. The soil moisture, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and temperature values at the spatio-temporal scales were estimated using satellite-based MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products. Then the Pearson correlations between soil moisture and land surface characteristics (NDVI, temperature and DEM-digital elevation model) were estimated and analyzed, respectively. Overall, the monthly soil moisture values at the time step were highly influenced by the precipitation amounts. Also, the results showed that the soil moisture has the strong correlation with DEM while the temperature was inversely correlated with the soil moisture. However the monthly correlations between NDVI and soil moisture were highly varied along the time step. These findings indicated that water loss near the land surface are highly occurred by soil and plant activities as evapotranspiration and infiltration during the no/less precipitation period. But the high precipitation amounts reduce the impacts of land surface characteristics because of saturated condition of land surface. Thus these results demonstrated that soil moisture values are highly correlated with land surface characteristics. Our findings can be useful for water resources/environmental management, agricultural drought, etc.

• 물과 미래
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1992

유역내 공간적 및 시간적 분포특성을 가진 이동강우를 해석하기 위하여 분포형 모델을 개발하였으며 이 유역모델은 지표면 흐름과 하천망 흐름으로 나누어 유출을 해석하였다. 지표면의 흐름은 2차원의 연속방정식과 운동량 방정식을 이요하였는데 kinematic 이론을 도입하여 운동량 방정식을 간략화 하였으며 하천망 흐름은 하천망을 일체로 하여 1차원의 연속방정식과 운동량방정식들을 이용하였다. 기본방정식들의 수치해석법으로 지표면의 흐름은 유한요소법을 이용하였으며 하천망에 대한 해석은 음해법의 유한차분법을 이용하였다. 모델은 특히 이동강우에 있어서 중요한 특색인 공간적 및 시간적 특성을 효과적으로 해석할 수 있도록 개발되었다. 또한 모델은 구성된 행렬의 특징을 이용하였는데, 지표면 유출모델은 Gauss 소거법을 이용하여 그해를 구하였으며 하천망 해석은 double sweep 방법을 적용하기 위한 여러 종류의 순환계수방정식을 제안하였고 이를 이용하여 그 해를 구하였다.