• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-63
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• 2009

This study focused on changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. There are 10 representative cases which have been renovated through the policy of 'Preservation & Regeneration of Bukchon' by Seoul metropolitan government and other experts. Changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Buckon are as follows. First, Changes of scale. Trough removing extension parts, facade of renovated Hanoks are 'transformed' into recovering their identity. Using basements or lofts, intensive application of spaces is transformation which promotes the vitality of Hanoks. Second, changes of space organization. As Hanok changes its function from residence to commercial or cultural use, il a1so changes space character or reorganizes space organization. It is important that deciding function of Hanok has to adjust its scale and organization. Third, changes of construction performance. Through introducing new material and constructing method, performance of wall has been changed respecting its wooden structure and interior-exterior figure. However, technical studies must back it up not to destroy its value of eco-friendly architecture. Fourth, changes of facility systems, like floor heating system. They changes floor level of Hanok equally, and then sections of Hanok have became simple. Furthermore, inserting new facility space, such as boiler room, stand-up kitchen, bathroom and toilet, organization of space also changed. It is necessary that wise alternative proposal through the method of transformation or mutation must be presented. These four changes can be classification into method of 'transformation' and 'mutation'. Changes of scale are method of transformation and changes of space organization are method of mutation. Also, while changes of construction performance are mutation, changes of facility systems are transformation. Recently, as price of lots have been increased, a lot of Hanoks have been commercialized. Thc commercial energy threat 'the identity of Bukchon as residential area'. From now on, to operate 'identity' and 'vitality' complementary, it is necessary to make up for the preservation policy of Hanok and consolidate renovating standards of Hanok which correspond to character of particular region and building usage.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.766-768
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• 2003

Selectivity estimation for spatial query is curial in Spatial Database Management Systems(SDBMS). Many works have been performed to estimate accurate selectivity. Although they deal with some problems such as false-count, multi-count arising from properties of spatial dataset, they can not get such effects in little memory space.* Therefore, we need to compress spatial dataset into little memory. In this paper, we propose a new technique called MW Histogram which is able to compress summary data and get reasonable results. Our method is based on two techniques:(a)MinSkew partitioning algorithm which deal with skewed spatial datasets. efficiently (b) Wavelet transformation which compression effect is proven. We evaluate our method via real datasets. The experimental result shows that the MW Histogram has the ability of providing estimates with low relative error and retaining the similar estimates even if memory space is small.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.373-391
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• 2022

The distribution of observations in most econometric studies with spatial heterogeneity is skewed. Usually, a single transformation of the data is used to approximate normality and to model the transformed data with a normal assumption. This assumption is however not always appropriate due to the fact that panel data often exhibit non-normal characteristics. In this work, the normality assumption is relaxed in spatial mixed models, allowing for spatial heterogeneity. An inference procedure based on Bayesian mixed modeling is carried out with a multivariate skew-elliptical distribution, which includes the skew-t, skew-normal, student-t, and normal distributions as special cases. The methodology is illustrated through a simulation study and according to the empirical literature, we fit our models to non-life insurance consumption observed between 1998 and 2002 across a spatial panel of 103 Italian provinces in order to determine its determinants. Analyzing the posterior distribution of some parameters and comparing various model comparison criteria indicate the proposed model to be superior to conventional ones.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2020

This paper examined the dynamic instability of a shallow arch according to the response characteristics when nearing critical loads. The frequency changing feathers of the time-domain increasing the loads are analyzed using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), while the response signal around the critical loads are analyzed using Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT). This study reveals that the models with an arch shape of h = 3 or higher exhibit buckling, which is very sensitive to the asymmetric initial conditions. Also, the critical buckling load increases as the shape increases, with its feather varying depending on the asymmetric initial conditions. Decomposition results show the decrease in predominant frequency before the threshold as the load increases, and the predominant period doubles at the critical level. In the vicinity of the critical level, sections rapidly manifest the displacement increase, with the changes in Instantaneous Frequency (IF) and Instant Energy (IE) becoming apparent.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.5 no.1 s.15
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

Walking loads are influenced by various parameters so that they need to be measured considering such parameters. Walking frequency(rate) is experimentally investigated as the most important parameter in determining the walking load expressed with dynamic load factor. This study focuses on the derivation of continuous walking load-time functions at any walking frequency ranging from 1.30Hz to 2.70Hz. Experiments were conducted to obtain time-histories of walking loads at the increment of 0.1Hz, which are decomposed into harmonic loads by the Fourier transformation. The polynomial load-time functions are proposed representing the relationship between harmonic coefficients and walking frequencies, thereby easily formulating walking load-time histories for dynamic load factor with various walking frequencies.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

Considering the situation in the early 20th century when the existing urban system centered on urban areas began to change, the biggest factors causing urban structural changes in urban areas are construction of railroad and urban dismantling. The change process of Eupseong, in the microscopic viewpoint, can be understood as a process of change in the course of dismantlement of town's demarcation, improvement of accessibility and urban expansion due to the construction of railroads, process of urban expansion following the crumbling boundaries and structural changes. This study aimed to look at the transformation process of the Eupseong in the early 20th century, focusing on the demolition of the castle and the railway construction from a microscopic point of view of city.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.59-63
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• 2007

Each country uses its own datum which well represent its topography. The uses of the space technology such as GPS and the effort of establishing the consistent data over the world, Korea changed the survey act to use a world geodetic system from January 1, 2007. In this study, spatial analysis carried out to transform the GIS DB of electric power distribution system based on the old Tokyo datum the new world geodetic system, KGD 2002. Based on the study, problems on the transformation had been identified and efficient solutions are suggested. The data used for the 7 parameter similarity transformation in this study is the blueprints of the electric equipment and base maps. It is expected that this study provide general scheme and procedure for efficient GIS DB transformation to the new world geodetic system.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2010

We proposed an axis transformation technique which reveals a distance parameter directly from optical scanning holography (OSH). After synthesis of a real-only spectrum hologram and power fringe adjusted filtering, we transform an original frequency axis to a new frequency axis using interpolation. In the new frequency axis, the filtered hologram has a single frequency which is linearly proportional to the distance parameter. Thus, the inverse Fourier transformation of the filtered hologram gives a delta function pair in the new spatial axis. Finally, we extract the distance parameter by detecting the location of the delta function pair.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.407-419
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• 2012

It is difficult to obtain the accurate and homogeneous height information over the whole Korea due to the effect of different vertical datums have been divided into land and sea part. In this study, we tried to unify the different vertical datums using the precise spirit leveling between TBM (tidal bench mark) and BM (bench mark) in order to solve the problems caused by different vertical datums. For this, the vertical datum offsets at observed points which were calculate from leveling results and then transformation model of vertical datum will be modelled using calculated offsets along the coastal line. For suggesting the precise modelling method to vertical datum transformation, we analyzed results from various interpolation methods such as Spline and LSC method. As the results from analysis, the LSC method combined with 4-parameters trend model is more suitable for modelling the offsets between vertical datums. The final transformation model of vertical datum using the combination of LSC and 4-parameter model which provides the transformation accuracies of ${\pm}10.4cm{\sim}14.8cm$ level. And, the software for vertical datum transformation that was also developed using the final model in order to convert the height information included in various spatial data effectively. Therefore, the transformation model between vertical datums of land and sea part, which is developed in this study, is expected to minimize the confusion caused by mismatch of height information in the use of spatial data, and it also can be minimize economic and time losses in various application fields such as coastal development project, coastal disaster prevention, etc.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the rationale behind the transformation process of unique shophouse spatial organization in Phnom Penh. We selected 20 representative shophouses located in the Chinese district of Phnom Penh according to construction period. A qualitative study methodology was applied and field surveys were conducted that included interviews with residents, photographs, sketches, measurements, collecting historic photos, and cataloging maps. Selected cases were analyzed in terms of: basic house data, urban block analysis, and unit analysis. Cases were then classified into two types: private courtyard shophouse (PCS) and shared courtyard shophouse (SCS). PCS refers to shophouse typology that maintains most of the characteristics of early shophouses while being transformed into a modern multi-story apartment within a limited one bay plot. However, SCS refers to shophouses adapted from the indigenous forms of PCS that evolved into a multi-storey and multi-family housing typology that includes features that might have been adapted from Western apartment buildings such as sharing a big courtyard, staircase and corridors. We conclude that shophouses in Phnom Penh have positively adopted a Western building typology, adapted it to local traditions, and finally formulated a new building type that represent indicators of a modernization process gradually accepted by society.