• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2010

The nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene of octopus groups collected from Muan, Taean, Yesu, Jeju in Korea and Youngsung, Daeryen in China were analyzed for the identification of species and populations. Six haplotypes were identified from the analyzed 60 individuals. All of the individuals (N = 10) from Jeju showed the A haplotype which was not observed from other groups, and could be classified as a distinct group. The analyzed groups could form two separate clade in MEGA4 analysis. The individuals from Muan, Taean, Yesu in Korea and Daeryen in China form a clase and the others from Jeju in Korea and Youngsung in China formed the other clade. The analysis of relationship among the groups showed the same results. Individuals belong to the group A (Muan, Taean, Yesu and Daeryen) showed closer relationship than individuals belong to the group B (Jeju and Youngsung). Although the CO1 universal primers used in this study was useful as a marker for species identification among Octopus, analysis of population was limited because of few variations in the partial sequences of CO1 analyzed in this study. However, it was possible to show the limited gene flow among the groups which is resulted from the spatial separation and differences in their habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.85-95
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• 2010

East-Asian intellectual societies in the pre-modem age sustained a holistic system of poem-calligraphy-painting trinity until the coming of Western modernism. Therefore, it has been insisted that the principles of traditional landscape gardening were greatly influenced by those of landscape painting and related literature. This study examined those influences closely to discover the essence of traditional Asian landscape architecture through a comparative study between Chinese landscape painting theory and landscape gardening theory within the dual categories of 'contents(value and meaning)' and 'form(view and spatial structure)'. The most important theme of landscape painting theory in contents category was 'Chi and its Vitality(氣韻生動)'. The matching theme in landscape design field was 'Feng-Shui(風水)' and 'Yi-Jin'g(意境)'. The most important theme of landscape painting theory in formal category was 'the Three Ru1es of Perspective(三遠法)'. And the matching theme of landscape design theory was 'Yindi(因地)' and 'Jie-Jing(借景)'. The most important theme of landscape painting theory in formal category was 'the Three Rules of Perspective(三遠法)'. And the matching theme of landscape design theory was 'Yindi(因地)' and 'Jie-Jing(借景)'. It was found that themes and various principles of both fields were closely inter-related and have much in common in their representation of contents and form. In the close relationship with main art genres like this, the landscape gardening could have been recognized as one of the genres of fine art.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.299-309
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• 2005

The community structure of meiobenthos was studied in the sediment of Kongfjorden, Spitsbergen of Svalbard Island in the Arctic Sea. Samples of meiobenthos were collected in August, 2003. Meiobenthic organisms were collected by SCUBA and van veen grab or acryl sub-corers 34mm in internal diameter, and were taken from upper sediment to a depth of 3cm at each station. A total of 26 meiofaunal groups were found in the sediment of Spitsbergen in Svalbard Island. Nematodes were the most dominant faunal group. Sarcomastigophorans, benthic harpacticoids, and nauplius larvae of crustaceans, were also important components of the meiobenthic community of Kongsfjorden. All of these low faunal groups were comprised of more than 90% of total meiobenthos at every station. The total density of meiobenthos at each station was highest at station MeG 6 $(3,583{\pm}1,137inds./10cm^2)$, and lowest at station $MeG9(28{\pm}1inds./10cm^2)$. Meiobenthos in general showed the highest density in the upper 1cm layer. This may be associated with food and oxygen supply to subsurface. Harpacticoids showed extreme preference at the surface and little presence in layers deeper than 2cm. These animals may be less resistant to oxygen deficiency, and nauplius also showed the same trend. However, in St. MeG 8 and 9, meiobenthos were dense at depths of more than 0-1cm, at especially at depths of 2-3m because of relatively easy penetration of oxygen. Based on the results of cluster analysis, three meiobenthos assemblages were distinguished: one was in the outer and two were in the inner fjord. Station SCU 5 was grouped with the meiobenthos assemblage located in the outer fjord. The outer ford community was characterised by : 1) a relatively low mean number of meiobenthos taxa, 2) a relatively high density of harpacticods and nauplius. One of the inner ford communities (a group of four nation: MeG 2, 3, 8, 9) was in the proximity of the glaciers. Specifically, it was characterised by : 1) a low mean number of meiobenthos taxa, 2) a low density. The other inner ford community was characterised by both a high density and great mean number of meiofaunal taxa.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.18-34
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate Dongdaemun fashion industry once thrived in Seoul, now in a rapid decline. For this purpose, three research themes are put forward. That is, to fix the boundary of Dongdaemun fashion industry, to analyze the characteristics of its value chain, production network and industrial agglomeration, and to search for the cause of its decline and to suggest political solutions against it. The following is the findings of this study. Firstly, Dongdaemun fashion industry has spreaded out over the last six decades and now its boundary can be marked within a radius of 10 kilometers of Dongdaemun Market in northeastern Seoul. Secondly, Dongdaemun fashion industry has a buyer-driven chain and star production network, and therefore can be assumed that it is spatially segmented industrial agglomeration. Lastly, its rapid decline is directly from the shrink of market demand on Dondaemun fashion, and inherently in the topological structure of its star production network. Thus the feasible political solutions can be found in that direction. Consequently, these results have academic implications for clearing up some previous studies' misunderstandings and getting over one of the long-criticized research biases that pervades in industrial agglomeration theory, primarily focusing on the successful regions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.669-678
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• 2018

This study developed information technology infrastructures for building a driving environment analysis platform using various big data, such as vehicle sensing data, public data, etc. First, a small platform server with a parallel structure for big data distribution processing was developed with H/W technology. Next, programs for big data collection/storage, processing/analysis, and information visualization were developed with S/W technology. The collection S/W was developed as a collection interface using Kafka, Flume, and Sqoop. The storage S/W was developed to be divided into a Hadoop distributed file system and Cassandra DB according to the utilization of data. Processing S/W was developed for spatial unit matching and time interval interpolation/aggregation of the collected data by applying the grid index method. An analysis S/W was developed as an analytical tool based on the Zeppelin notebook for the application and evaluation of a development algorithm. Finally, Information Visualization S/W was developed as a Web GIS engine program for providing various driving environment information and visualization. As a result of the performance evaluation, the number of executors, the optimal memory capacity, and number of cores for the development server were derived, and the computation performance was superior to that of the other cloud computing.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2006

Recently the need for Location-Based Service (LBS) has increased due to the development and widespread use of the mobile devices (e.g., PDAs, cellular phones, labtop computers, GPS, and RFID etc). The core technology of LBS is a moving-objects database that stores and manages the positions of moving objects. To search for information quickly, the database needs to contain an index that supports both real-time position tracking and management of large numbers of updates. As a result, the index requires a structure operating in the main memory for real-time processing and requires a technique to migrate part of the index from the main memory to disk storage (or from disk storage to the main memory) to manage large volumes of data. To satisfy these requirements, this paper suggests a unified index scheme unifying the main memory and the disk as well as migration policies for migrating part of the index from the memory to the disk during a restriction in memory space. Migration policy determines a group of nodes, called the migration subtree, and migrates the group as a unit to reduce disk I/O. This method takes advantage of bulk operations and dynamic clustering. The unified index is created by applying various migration policies. This paper measures and compares the performance of the migration policies using experimental evaluation.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2011

We determined potential meso-scale benthic-pelagic ecosystem coupling in the north equatorial Pacific by comparing surface chl-a concentration with sediment bacterial abundance and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration (indication of active biomass). Water and sediment samples were latitudinally collected between 5 and $11^{\circ}N$ along $131.5^{\circ}W$. Physical water properties of this area are characterized with three major currents: North Equatorial Current (NEC), North Equatorial Count Current (NECC), and South Equatorial Current (SEC). The divergence and convergence of the surface water occur at the boundaries where these currents anti-flow. This low latitude area ($5{\sim}7^{\circ}N$) appears to show high pelagic productivity (mean phytoplankton biomass=$1266.0\;mgC\;m^{-2}$) due to the supplement of high nutrients from nutrient-enriched deep-water via vertical mixing. But the high latitude area ($9{\sim}11^{\circ}N$) with the strong stratification exhibits low surface productivity (mean phytoplankton biomass=$603.1\;mgC\;m^{-2}$). Bacterial cell number (BCN) and ATP appeared to be the highest at the superficial layer and reduced with depth of sediment. Latitudinally, sediment BCN from low latitude ($5{\sim}7^{\circ}N$) was $9.8{\times}10^8\;cells\;cm^{-2}$, which appeared to be 3-times higher than that from high latitude ($9{\sim}11^{\circ}N$; $2.9{\times}10^8\;cells\;cm^{-2}$). Furthermore, sedimentary ATP at the low latitude ($56.2\;ng\;cm^{-2}$) appeared to be much higher than that of the high latitude ($3.3\;ng\;cm^{-2}$). According to regression analysis of these data, more than 85% of the spatial variation of benthic microbial biomass was significantly explained by the phytoplankton biomass in surface water. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that benthic productivity in this area is strongly coupled with pelagic productivity.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.263-275
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• 2020

In the vortex of change, commonly referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Korea has a national task of changing the paradigm of economic growth from a chase-type economic structure to a leading one. The era has come when all resources of the country, as well as the government and businesses, must join in innovation and growth in order to maintain the pace of sustained economic development, and significantly advanced countries are stimulating members' innovation activities with various policies and systems as they enter the 21st century. South Korea is also making efforts to create an open creative space referred to as Makerspace or Fab Lab, to create an innovative voluntary environment for its citizens. This study explored factors that Makerspace, which is proliferating in Korea, should consider to secure development and sustainability as an innovation (start-up) space. Through prior research, openness and expertise were derived from the characteristics of Makerspace, and expert interviews confirmed that the capabilities lacking in Makerspace and the capabilities to be secured in the future are openness and professionalism. Also, specific components of openness and professionalism were presented through prior research, and implications for each subject's Makerspace were presented, such as openness, professionalism, and commercialization.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2000

Vertical measurement of CTDT at about 30 min intervals and spatial surface temperature, salinity, and concentration of suspended particulate matters were conducted to elucidate the character of water column and the dispersal pattern in a floating ice-dominated fjord, Marian Cove, West Antarctica. Marian Cove showed two distinct water layers in terms of turbidity; 1) cold, fresh, and turbid surface plume in the upper 2 m,2) warm, saline, and relatively clean Maxwell Bay inflow between 15-45 m in water depth. Thermal melting of Maxwell Bay inflow and tidewater glacier/floating ices developed the surface mixed layer and the activity of floating ices cause Maxwell Bay inflow to be unstable. Due to the unstable water column, the development of Maxwell Bay inflow and subsequent surface plume are not influenced by tidal frequency. Coastal current generated by strong northwesterly wind may extend warm, saline, and turbid surface plume into the central part of the cove along the northern coast via the western coast of Weaver Peninsula. Terrigenous sediments of meltwaters from the glaciated ice cliffs near the corner of tidewater glacier and some coasts enter into the cove and their dispersion depends upon the hydrographic regimes (tide, wind, wave etc.). At the period of spring tide, the strong wind stress with the northwesterly wind direction reserve suspended sediment-fed surface plume and so allow the possibility of deposition of terrigenous sediments within the basin of cove.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.228-237
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• 2015

Field observations were conducted to collect hydrodynamic and morphological data, which are needed to account for mechanisms of bathymetry changes caused by physical forcings, in Haeundae beach. In order to quantitatively describe characteristics of wave transformations and current patterns in space in winter and summer, in-situ sensors for measuring waves and current profiles were installed at three locations in the cross-shore direction and also three locations in the along-shore direction. As for the results of wave measurements, waves with main direction from the east dominate in winter while waves are incident from the S and the ESE in summer. Analysis of current data reveals that currents over the study domain are considerably influenced by a pattern of tidal motions, thereby, mainly oscillating in the direction of tidal currents, i.e., east-west directions, in both winter and summer. Currents tend to be influenced by local bathymetry in the shallow water region, with the direction changed along the depth contours and the magnitude reduced as they approach the shoreline. The results analysed from the hydrodynamic data through this study can be further combined with the morphological and bathymetry data, leading to the quantification of seasonal sediment transport rates and sand budget changes.