• ALGAE
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2021

Kelp life history pathways alternate between macroscopic sporophytes that produce spores and microscopic gametophytes that produce gametes. Occasionally, an alternative pathway is seen. This study examined the circumstances by which the high latitude estuarine bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, foregoes the "free-living microscopic stages by releasing embryonic sporophytes directly from sori. Sori were collected from adult N. luetkeana sporophytes from eight locations within Kachemak Bay, Alaska in 2018 and 2020 to examine spatial and temporal development of embryonic sporophytes on sori. Distinctions were made between sori collected from first-generation and overwintered adults to assess the influence of parental age on embryonic sporophyte release. Further distinctions were made between sori collected from attached and drifting individuals to assess the influence of the status of parental attachment to substrate on embryonic sporophyte release. Inspection of propagules released from sori after 48-h incubations indicated that embryonic sporophytes were occasionally released alongside viable spores. Though embryonic sporophytes were released from sori as early as spring, it was not evident that they were bound by seasonal or spatial limits. The percent of propagules that were embryonic sporophytes ranged from 0% to 100% but were not significantly different between first-generation and overwintered adults, nor were they different between attached and drifting individuals. Nevertheless, the characteristic of directly releasing embryonic sporophytes from adult sporophytes might have ecological advantages for N. luetkeana.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권spc1호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2006

We monitored the current macrozoobenthic community structure after the Sea Prince oil spill around Keumo-do and Sori-do, Korea. Macrobenthic animals were collected seasonally around Sori-Keumo do using a van Veen grab ($0.1m^2$) from October 1999 to April 2000. In total, 196 species were identified at 46 sites around Keumho-do. The mean density was 1,460 individuals/$m^2$, and polychaetes comprised 80% of the total density of the macrozoobenthic. Dominant species were the polychaete Tharyx sp. (51%), the echinoderm Amphioplus megapomus (5%) and the polychaete Lumbrineris longifolia (3%). We identified 176 macrobenthic species at 36 sites around Sori-do. The mean density was 1,068 individuals/$m^2$, and polychaetes was the most abundant faunal group, comprising 41%, followed by mollusks (24%) and echinoderms (20%). Dominant species in Sori-do were the mollusk Potamocorbula amurensis (23%), the chinoderm Amphioplus megapomus (14%), and the polychaete Tharyx sp. (10%). The overall community structures in the study area showed few seasonal changes, although there was a gradual change in the species composition within each benthic community. Tharyx sp. was the most abundant species in the study area. Because this species has not been found in the other coastal areas except during recent investigations, it is considered to have increased during the course of community succession after the oil spill. The macrozoobenthic around Keumo-do showed little change in species richness, whereas around Sori-do, it showed a few increases in species richness after the summer of 1998. The overall density showed the same trend as species richness. Based on improved community indices, we suggest that the macrozoobenthic communities around Sori-Keumo Islands are gradually recovering from the oil-spill damagecaused by the oil spill.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제43호
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• pp.325-356
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• 2021

본 연구는 창원시 내서들일소리의 전승 현황과 음악적 특징을 분석한 것으로, 현재 내서지역에 전승되고 있는 들일소리가 지속적으로 계승될 수 있도록 그 가치를 조명하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 내서들일소리는 일의 순서에 따라 모심기소리, 빠른 모심기소리, 논매기소리, 칭칭이소리 등으로 구성된다. 이중 모심기소리는 일의 순서와 상황에 따라 ①모찌기소리, ②오전에 부르는 모심기소리, ③점심 때 부르는 모심기소리, ④점심 후에 부르는 모심기소리, ⑤비 오고 흐릴 때 부르는 모심기소리, ⑥해 질 때 부르는 모심기소리 등 총 여섯 부분으로 나누어지며, 음악적으로는 느린 모심기소리와 빠른 모심기소리의 두 부분으로 나누어진다. 모심기소리는 메나리토리가 근간을 이루고 있지만, 부분적으로 육자배기의 영향이 나타난다. 그러나 인근의 함안지역의 느린 모심기소리에서는 전형적인 메나리토리였지만, 빠른 모심기소리에는 속도가 빨라지게 되면서 메나리토리의 특징은 옅어지고 la↘mi의 완전4도 하행이 잦게 나타났다. 고성지역의 모심기소리는 느리고 빠른 소리 모두 육자배기토리의 영향이 강하게 나타났다. 결국 내서지역의 모심기소리는 고성지역보다는 육자배기토리가 덜하고, 함안지역보다는 강하게 나타나는 특징을 지닌다. 이러한 토리의 결합은 접경 지역에 나타나는 음악적 교섭현상으로, 내서지역의 지리적·지역적 특징이라 할 수 있다. 논매기소리는 인근의 고성, 함안 지역 모두 받는 소리가 '상사디어'로 공통된다. 그런데 내서지역의 논매기에서는 받는 소리에서 강한 경토리의 성향이 발견된다. 논매기소리는 선율의 흐름을 보았을 때, 이는 근래에 들어 창자에 의해 음정에 변화가 이루어졌고, 이러한 변형된 선율 형태가 그대로 지속되어 온 것으로 보인다. 지역성을 담보하기 위해 이 부분은 추후 수정보완이 필요해 보인다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.740-746
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• 2005

In this article, we report the tandem mass spectrometry investigations for the electron capture efficiencies of the protons belonging to the different locations (generations) in a poly(propylene imine) dendrimer with three layers of a repeat unit (named as the third generation dendrimer). The employed tandem mass spectrometry methods include SORI-CAD (sustained off-resonance irradiation collisional activation dissociation) and ECD(electron capture dissociation) mass spectrometry. We obtained SORI-CAD spectra for the dendrimer ions in the different charge states, ranging from 2+ to 4+. The analysis of fragmentation sites provides the information as to where the protons are distributed among various generations of the dendrimer. Based upon this, a new strategy to study the electron capture efficiencies of the protons is utilized to examine a new type of triplycharged ions by SORI-CAD, i.e., the 3+ ions generated from the charge reduction of the native 4+ ions by ECD: (M+4H)$^{4+}\;+\;e^-\;{\rightarrow}$ (M+4H)$^{3+\bullet}$ ${\rightarrow}\;({H^{\bullet}}_{ejected}$) + (M+3H)$^{3+}\;\rightarrow$ CAD. Interestingly, comparison of these four SORICAD spectra indicates that the proton distribution in the charge-reduced 3+ ions is very close to that in the native 4+ ions. It further suggests that in this synthetic polymer ($\sim$1.7 kDa) with an artificial architecture, the electron capture efficiencies of the protons are actually insensitive to where they are located in the molecule. This is somewhat contradictory to common expectations that the protons in the inner generations may not be well exposed to the incoming electron irradiation as much as the outer ones are, thus may be less efficient for electron capture. This finding may carry some implications for the case of medium sized peptide ions with similar masses, which are known to show no obvious site-specific fragmentations in ECD MS.

• ALGAE
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.279-293
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• 2005

Two new species of Martensia (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) are described from Jeju Island, Korea. Martensia palmata sp. nov. is characterized by the following traits: more or less linearly elongated lobes arising from the distal margin of the flabellate membranous section; intact latticework with coarse and loose mesh; numerous spine-like projections on the leading margin of the latticework; tetrasporangia produced in sori along the entire blade; spermatangia borne in sori on the membranous section and the longitudinal lamellae of the latticework; and cystocarps borne on the margins of the membranous section. Martensia projecta sp. nov. has the following characteristics: subdichotomously furcated blades, with terminal segments slightly attenuated toward the apex; blades with uneven surfaces; basal parts with a multi-layered parenchymatous construction; small and poorlydefined latticework; tetrasporangia and spermatangia produced in sori on the membranous section; and cystocarps borne on the marginal surfaces of the blades. The existence of M. projecta sp. nov. supports the proposal that the genus Opephyllum Schmitz in Schmitz et Hauptfleisch should be assigned to the genus Martensia.

• ALGAE
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2003

The population dynamics of Ecklonia stolonifera was investigated at Tongyeong coastal area in the South Sea of Korea. The blade length and width, stipe length and diameter, mean total length and mean weight were measured from randomly collected fifty individuals in every month. The plants in Tongyeong population were relatively bigger than those of Busan Korea and Aomori Japan in terms of their blade length and width. The population biomass was low in winter and high in spring and summer. The sporangial sori were found from August to December but prominent in September and October. About 90 % of the Tongyeong population was consisted of one- and two-year old plants and the zoosporangial sori were observed mostly in two-year old plants. It was different from the results of Busan and Aomori population in which the zoosporangial sori were observed from the plants older than three years. The new populations were developed from the zoospores of two-year old plants and their generation time was relatively shorter than those of Busan and Aomori.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제37호
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• pp.95-125
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• 2018

2000년을 전후하여 지자제가 정착되면서 지역에서 크고 작은 수많은 축제들이 우후죽순으로 개최되고 있는데 해당 축제의 정체성과 목적성을 프로그램에 제대로 담아내지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 본고는 <2017전주세계소리축제>를 지역의 공연예술축제에서 성공한 사례로 보고 그 특성과 지향을 살펴 향후 공연예술축제의 발전 방향에 도움이 되고자 집필하였다. 특히 음악프로그램에 집중하여 축제의 정체성과 기획 의도를 효과적으로 드러낼 수 있는 구성과 내용, 의미와 지향점을 중심으로 연구하였다. 무엇보다도 <2017전주세계소리축제>의 가장 큰 성과는 지역의 문화자원인 판소리를 다양한 방법으로 표현하여 축제의 정체성을 실현하였을 뿐만 아니라 마니아와 대중들의 눈높이를 만족시켰다는 점이다. <2017전주세계소리축제>가 공연예술프로그램을 통해 구현해낸 특성은 다섯 가지 정도로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 전통음악의 새로운 이미지 만들기, 둘째, 문화적 소통을 위한 탈경계화의 욕구, 셋째, 신진예술가와 지역예술가들을 위한 무대 제공, 넷째, 대중 소환의 매개체, 다섯째, 미래 잠재 관객의 스펙트럼 확장에 기여한 것으로 본다. 본고는 <2017전주세계소리축제>라는 단일 행사만을 제한적으로 분석하여 공연예술축제의 표본 모델화로 다루는 데는 한계가 있다. 추후 다양한 공연예술축제를 연구하여 <전주세계소리축제>와 비교 분석을 통해 보다 객관적인 논의가 이어져야 할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.33-59
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• 1983

An investigation has been performed on the flora and life form of the vascular plants at Mt. Sori in Kwangneung from March to November in 1982. In a survey field trip, 539 species, 344 genera, 102 families of plants. are collected. Among them Hylomecon vernale, Aconitum coreanum, A. pseudoproliferum, Adonis amurensis, Anemone raddeana is important plant in this area and they are becoming sparse than past. In the life form spectrum hemiryptophytes is 40.6%.

• ALGAE
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2012

The re-examination of morphological and anatomical characters of Laminaria appressirhiza and L. inclinatorhiza collected from different localities in the Sea of Okhotsk was performed. Despite their commercial and ecological importance to the region they have not been comprehensively reviewed since their first description in 1970. Our results show that some original diagnostic key characters (e.g., shape of holdfast, shape of sporangial sori, and dissection of blade) are not stable and have deviations from the type morphology when plants grow in different environments. In L. inclinatorhiza, the sporangial sori development occurred differently to the pattern indicated in original species description as they did not develop simultaneously on both sides of the blade. Instead, the sporangial sori outlines on both sides of the blade did not coincide at first and only became coincident later. Also, a deep-water population of L. inclinatorhiza with an unusual and interesting morphology, growing at depths of 15-25 m on opened rocky coasts in Taujskaya Bay (northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk) was found. The stable diagnostic key characters to distinguish these two species are the cone-like, multilayered, very thick and massive holdfast (in L. inclinatorhiza) and rolled margins of blades, lamellar rosette-like part of thallus, and sporangial sori developing only on one side of the blade (in L. appressirhiza). The ecological characteristics, distribution, and abundance of both species in the Sea of Okhotsk are discussed. Both species are perennial and widely distributed in the region. L. appressirhiza is more often found as a subdominant species among other kelps, forming maximum biomass and density of 7-9 kg and 8-25 plants per $1m^2$, respectively. L. inclinatorhiza sometimes forms local mono-species communities with maximum biomass and density of 10-12 kg and 10-15 plants per $1m^2$, respectively.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2009

Periodically, the Japanese Castle was created in the domestic of Japan and then 2 Invasions into Chosun was started. The Japanese Castle in the domestic of Japan was repaired several times by the building boom of castle before & after 2 invasions and so the initially-built type of castles was changed. Accordingly, there are much difficulties to understand the original shape of Japanese Castle. Through the Japanese Castle within Korea called as the fossil of Japanese Castle, I would like to examine & consider its building period and characteristics. The terminology called as [Two Side Stone's Wall] is that of castle which is not acknowledged in the Japanese Academic Circles. However, it means the two-fold wall of Japanese Castle which was widely applied to the fortification way in the Age of Japan Edo. The terminology of [Sori] says the stonework curve in the corner of Japanese Castle which is indicated best in the Japanese Castle. It calls the curve as like the fan frame. [Curb Stone's Wall] says the type of castle wall constructed with over 1 face in wall body of Japanese Castle. (1) About classifying the construction period of Japanese Castle, the curb stone's wall and the castle having no two side stone's wall must consider the building period as that of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. If there was [Sori], the two-side stone's wall was used and the place which supported the documentary data, in particular, the place having the record of contraction is considered to be confirmed as the castle constructed in the period of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1597. (2) The two-side-type stone's wall shown in the Modern Japanese Stone Castle is difficultly considered to be generated from the Japanese Castle at the period of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and in 1597. (3) The beautiful [Sori] shown in the Modern Japanese Stone Castle was started from the Japanese Castle of Korea at the period of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1597. It is difficultly considered which its indication was firstly generated by the Chaesung-Folded Segment Structure.