• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.633-638
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• 2009

We investigated the inhibitory effects of solvent extracts from dried tuna on the growth of cancer cell lines (HT1080 human fibrosarcoma and HT-29 human colon cancer cells) and $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress. Inhibitory effects of acetone with methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts on the growth of HT1080 and HT-29 cancer cells increased in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect was more significant on the growth of HT1080 cells, and A+M extracts had a higher inhibitory effect compared to MeOH extracts. The treatments of hexane, 85% aq. methanol, butanol and water fractions significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cells (p<0.05). Among the fractions, hexane and 85% aq. methanol fractions showed higher inhibitory effects. In order to determine the protective effect on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress, a DCHF-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate) assay was conducted. All fractions, including crude extracts of dried tuna, appeared to significantly reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with dose responses (p<0.05). Among the fractions, BuOH and 85% methanol fractions showed a higher protective effect on the production of lipid peroxides. These results indicate that the consumption of tuna may be recommended as a potent functional food for preventing cellular oxidation and cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.832-838
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• 2009

The inhibitory effects of solvent extracts from dried beet (Beta vulgaris) on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in cell systems and on the growth of cancer cell lines (HT-29 human colon cancer and AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells) were investigated. Inhibitory effects of acetone with methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts on the growth of HT-29 and AGS cancer cells increased in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect was more significant on the growth of AGS cells and A+M extracts had a higher inhibitory effect compared to MeOH extracts. The treatments of hexane, 85% aq. methanol, butanol and water fractions significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cells (p<0.05). Among fractions, hexane and 85% aq. methanol fractions showed higher inhibitory effects. In order to determine the protective effect on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress, DCHF-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate) assay was conducted. The A+M and MeOH extracts of dried beet appeared to significantly reduce the levels of intracellular (ROS) with dose responses. Among the fractions, 85% methanol fractions showed a higher protective effect on production of lipid peroxides. These results indicate that the intake of dried beet may improve oxidative stress in cell and reduce cancer risk.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.388-394
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• 2010

Metabolomics aims at the comprehensive, qualitative and quantitative analysis of wide arrays of endogenous metabolites in biological samples. It has shown particular promise in the area of toxicology and drug development, functional genomics, system biology and clinical diagnosis. In this study, analytical technique of MS instrument with high resolution mass measurement, such as time-of-flight (TOF) was validated for the purpose of investigation of amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Rat urine and serum samples were extracted by selected each solvent (50% acetonitrile, 100% acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, water, ether) extraction method. We determined the optimized liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS) system and selected appropriated columns, mobile phases, fragment energy and collision energy, which could search 17 metabolites. The spectral data collected from LC/TOFMS were tested by ANOVA. Obtained with the use of LC/TOFMS technique, our results indicated that (1) MS and MS/MS parameters were optimized and most abundant product ion of each metabolite were selected to be monitorized; (2) with design of experiment analysis, methanol yielded the optimal extraction efficiency. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to be useful in the endogenous metabolite fields according to validated SOP for endogenous amino acids, sugars and fatty acids.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.50-56
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• 2008

A polypropylene fraction collected from the stream of post-consumer plastics was pyrolyzed. The aim of this study is to observe the dependence of yield of BTEX-aromatics normally used as solvent on the reaction temperature. To reach the goal, three experiments were carried out at different temperature between 650 and $700^{\circ}C$, using a fluidized bed reactor that shows an excellent heat transfer. In the experiments, product gases were used as a fluidizing medium to maximize the amount of BTEX-aromatics at fixed flow rate and feed rate during the pyrolysis. Oil, gas and char were obtained as product fractions. Product gases were analyzed with GCs(TCD, FID) and with a GC-MS system for qualitative analysis. For an accurate analysis of product oil, the product oil was distilled under vacuum, and separated the distillation residues from oil fractions that were actually analyzed with a GC-MS system. As the reaction temperature went higher, the content of BTEX-aromatics increased. The maximal yield of BTEX-aromatics was obtained at $695^{\circ}C$ with a value of about 30%. The main compounds of product gas were $CH_4$, $C_2H_4$, $C_2H_6$, $C_3H_6$, $C_4H_{10}$ and the product gas had an higher heating value about 45MJ/kg. It could be used as a heat source for a pyrolysis plant or for other fuel applications.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.503-509
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• 2014

The carbon/porous silica composite membrane was fabricated in a simple manner, which could be successfully for the simultaneous separation and production of chiral epoxides and 1,2-diols, based on their differences in hydrophilic/hydrophobic natures. The chiral Co(III)-$BF_3$ salen catalyst adopted in the membrane reactor system has given the very high enantioselectivity and recyclability in hydrolysis of terminal epoxides such as ECH, 1,2-EB, and SO. The optically pure epoxide and the chiral catalyst were collected in the organic phase after hydrolysis reaction. The hydrophilic water-soluble 1,2-diol product hydrolyzed by chiral salen diffused into the aqueous phase through the SBA-16 or NaY/SBA-16 silica composite layer during the reaction. The water acted simultaneously as a reactant and a solvent in the membrane system. One optical isomer was obtained with high purity and yield, and furthermore the catalysts could be recycled without observable loss in their activity in the continuous flow-type membrane reactor.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 1999

The pulsed field gradient NMR method has been used to determine self-diffusion coefficients in ternary N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide/hydrocarbon/$D_2O$ system. For n = 12, 14, 16 and n' = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, in the micellar phase, diffusion is chiefly governed by the hydrodynamic transport of micelles, supplemented by an exchange of solubilized hydrocarbon upon micellar collisions. This investgation is performed by variations in both the surfactant alkyl chain length and in the size of the hydrocarbon molecules. In cubic phases, the solvent still exhibits values of the diffusion coefficients which are typical for motion in a continuous water phase, with the microemulsion droplets acting as obstacle. Mobilities of the surfactant in the gel state were low and have been determined only for the surfactant($C_{12}DMAO$) with the shortest alkyl chain length. Exchange of hydrocarbon between micellar entities in the gel was found to be occured by a hopping process, the associated rate decreased with alkyl chain length of the surfactant.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.338-345
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• 2014

HPL-4 is a new herbal formulation developed for the treatment of osteoarthritis. In this study, we took HPL-4 to develop a method for simultaneous determination of nine marker compounds (protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, liriodendrin, nodakenin, ${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-(3-O-sinapoyl)frucofuranosyl-${\alpha}$-$\small{D}$-(6-O-sinapoyl)glucopyranoside, quercitrin, 6-gingerol, decursin and decursinol angelate) present in the formulation. The analytes were separated by UPLC system consisting of diode array detector at 205 nm and RP-amide column, and solvent system of $ACN/0.1%H_3PO_4$. Analytical method was validated to evaluate its linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. All standards showed good linearity ($R^2$ >0.99) in the rage of $0.25-400.0{\mu}g/mL$. The LOD and LOQ were within the range of 0.021-0.148 and $0.070-0.448{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision was less than RSD 4.0% and the accuracy was range from 92.00-104.81% with RSD<4.2%. The results suggest that the developed UPLC method is precise, accurate and effective, and could be applied for quality control of HPL-4 formulation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2011

Introduction: Eliminating the residual debris and bacteria in the root canal system is one of the main purposes of the endodontic treatment. However, the complexity on the anatomy of the root canal system makes it difficult to eliminate the bacterial biofilm existing along the root canal surface and necrotic pulp tissue by mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation. Recently, more effective irrigant delivery systems for root canal irrigation have been developed. The purpose of this review was to present an overview of root canal irrigant delivery techniques and devices available in endodontics. Review: The contents of this paper include as follows; - syringe-needle irrigation, manual dynamic irrigation, brushes - sonic and ultrasonic irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, rotary brush, RinsEndo, EndoVac, Laser Conclusion: Though technological advances during the last decade have brought to fruition new agitation devices that rely on various mechanisms, there are few evidence based study to correlate the clinical efficacy of these devices with improved outcomes except syringe irrigation with needle and ultrasonic irrigation. The clinicians should try their best efforts to deliver antimicrobial and tissue solvent solutions in predictable volumes safely to working length.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2009

Purpose: 2-[$^{18}F$]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([$^{18}F$]FDG) particularly plays as a important role in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in nuclear medicine. Domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizers are installed in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) at June 2008, these modules were known that it's synthetic yields were guaranteed in average $45{\pm}5%$ so far. To improve yields and convenience of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer, numerous trials in reaction time, base concentration, pressure and temperature were performed to increase [$^{18}F$]FDG yields. Materials and Methods: Several synthetic factors (temperature, time and pressure) and shortcoming were corrected based on many evaporation test. Syringe dispensing of tetra-butylammonium bicarbonate (TBAB) was replaced with micro pipette to prepare tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride salt ([$^{18}F$]TBAF). Troublesome refill of liquid nitrogen every 2 hours which was used to protect vacuum system was changed to charcoal cartridge, base guard filter. To monitor the volume of delivered $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron by surveillance camera, we set up the volumetric vial on the cover of the module. In addition to, the recovery vial was added in [$^{18}F$]FDG production system to recover [$^{18}F$]FDG loss due to the leak of valve ($V_{13,14}$) in [$^{18}F$]FDG purification process. Results: When we used micro pipette for adding TBAB ($30\;{\mu}L$ in 12% $H_2O$ in acetonitrile), this quantitative dispensation has enabled to improve $5.5{\pm}1.7%$ residual fluorine-18 activity in fluorine separation cartridge compared to syringe adding. Besides, the synthetic yields of [$^{18}F$]FDG has increased $58{\pm}2.6%$ (n=19), $58{\pm}2.9%$ (n=14), $60%{\pm}2.5%$ (n=17) for 3 months. The life cycle of charcoal cartridge and base vacuum was 3 months prior to filling liquid nitrogen every 2 hours and additional side separator can prevent pump corrosion by organic solvent. After setting of volumetric indicator vial, the operator can easily monitor the total volume of irradiated $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron. The recovery vial can be used for the stabilizer when an irregular [$^{18}F$]FDG loss was generated by the leak of valves ($V_{13,14}$). Conclusions: We has optimized appropriate synthetic conditions (temperature, time, pressure) in domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer. In addition to, the remodeling with several accessories improve yields of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer with reliable reproducibility.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.121-127
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• 2010

This study is to optimize the enzyme(lipase) activity for biodiesel production. The ion-exchanged non-woven fabrics(EtA, DEA-EtA non-woven fabric) containing ethanolamine, diethylamine groups are used by radiation induced grafted polymerization onto a non-woven fabric for more effective immobilization of lipase. Since the porous hollow fiber membranes are showed the low throughputibehe non-woven fabric membranes are used for biodiesel production. The physical charateristics of enzyme immobilized and the enzyme activity to EtA and DEA-EtA non-woven fabrics are studied. The EtA non-woven fabrics are quite similar to DEA-EtA non-woven fabric for the amount of enzyme immobilized(EtA non-woven fabric:15.69 mg/g, DEA-EtA non-woven fabric:14.45 mg/g) but DEA-EtA non-woven fabrics have shown the lower permeabiliquite the organic solvent than the EtA non-woven fabrics(EtA non-woven fabric:$3.50mol/h{\cdot}kg$, DEA-EtA non-woven fabric:$0.38mol/h{\cdot}kg$). Optimum characteristics of ehe non-woven fabric membranes and the limilaractivity are also investigated for the effective biodiesel production.