• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.56-66
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to test that complex motor training enhance motor function significantly, to test change in cerebellum, and to test the synaptic plasticity into the immunohistochemistry response of synaptophysin. Using an animal model of fetal alcohol syndrome - which equates peak blood alcohol concentrations across developmental period - the effects of alcohol on body weight during periods were examined. The effect of complex motor training on motor function and synaptic plasticity of rat exposed alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Newborn rats were assigned to one of two groups: (1) normal group (NG), via artificial rearing to milk formula and (2) alcohol groups (AG), via 4.5 g/kg/day of ethanol in a milk solution. After completion of the treatments, the pups were fostered back to lactating dams, where they were raised in standard cages (two-and three animals per cage) until they were postnatal 48 days. Rats from alcohol group of postnatal treatment then spent 10 days in one of two groups: Alcohol-experimental group was had got complex motor training (learning traverse a set of 6 elevated obstacles) for 4 weeks. The alcohol-control group was not trained. Before consider replacing with "the experiment/study", (avoid using "got" in writing) the rats were examined during four behavioral tests and their body weights were measured, then their coronal sections were processed in rabbit polyclonal antibody synaptophysin. The synaptophysin expression in the cerebellar cortex was investigated using a light microscope. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The alcohol groups contained significantly higher alcohol concentrations than the normal group. 2. The alcohol groups had significantly lower body weights than the normal group. 3. In alcohol groups performed significantly lower than the normal group on the motor behavioral test. 4. In alcohol-control group showed significantly decreased immunohistochemistric response of the synaptophysin in the cerebellar cortex compared to the nomal group. These results suggest that improved motor function induced by complex motor training after postnatal exposure is associated with dynamically altered expression of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex and that is related with synaptic plasticity. Also, these data can potentially serve as a model for therapeutic intervention.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.77-87
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• 2020

This study aims to suggest basic data for developing forest product in Jeongeup City by surveying and analyzing consumer awareness and purchasing behavior. A survey was conducted focusing on local tourist attractions in Jeongeup City, and the analysis was conducted on 234 people. Among the local specialty processed products that the survey participants had experience in purchasing, food was mainly tea, concentrate solution, liquor, snacks and fruit syrup/enzyme. The therapy was shown in order of soap, aroma oil, and lotion. It was found that the purchase cost was more than 10,000 won and less than 30,000 won. Major purchase uses were for direct use and gifts, and 56.8% of the customers were satisfied with the satisfaction of the products, which were found to be purchased because of their good quality, good gift, and good health functions. In the question of 11 kinds of forest products, the subjects were aware of bokbunja, balloon flower, wild flower, deodeok, bracken, durum, and mal, among which bokbunja and wild flower were recognized as the representative forest products of Jeongeup. A cluster of food and therapy product selection attributes was analyzed to find target consumers. As the group that is interested in forest products and values the safety and quality of products is highly recognized, the value of forest products should be increased in consideration of the quality and safety of forest products when developing products in the future.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 2020

This paper presents an acoustic inversion method for estimating the bubble size distribution. The estimation error of the attenuation coefficient represented by a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is defined as an objective function, and an optimal solution is found by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method. In order to validate the effectiveness of the inversion method, numerical simulations using two types of bubble distribution are performed. In addition, a series of experiments are carried out in a water tank (1.0 m × 0.54 m × 0.6 m), using bubbles generated by three different generators. Images of the distributed bubbles are obtained by a high-speed camera, and the insertion losses of the bubble layer are measured using a source and a hydrophone. The image is post-processed to glance a distribution characteristics of each bubble generator. Finally, the size distribution of bubbles is estimated by applying the inversion method to the measured insertion loss. From the inversion results, it was observed that the number of bubbles increases exponentially as the bubble size decreases, and then increases again after the local peak at 70 ㎛ - 120 ㎛.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.4717-4737
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• 2017

Today, smart grids, smart homes, smart water networks, and intelligent transportation, are infrastructure systems that connect our world more than we ever thought possible and are associated with a single concept, the Internet of Things (IoT). The number of devices connected to the IoT and hence the number of traffic flow increases continuously, as well as the emergence of new applications. Although cutting-edge hardware technology can be employed to achieve a fast implementation to handle this huge data streams, there will always be a limit on size of traffic supported by a given architecture. However, recent cloud-based big data technologies fortunately offer an ideal environment to handle this issue. Moreover, the ever-increasing high volume of traffic created on demand presents great challenges for flow management. As a solution, flow aggregation decreases the number of flows needed to be processed by the network. The previous works in the literature prove that most of aggregation strategies designed for smart grids aim at optimizing system operation performance. They consider a common identifier to aggregate traffic on each device, having its independent static aggregation policy. In this paper, we propose a dynamic approach to aggregate flows based on traffic characteristics and device preferences. Our algorithm runs on a big data platform to provide an end-to-end network visibility of flows, which performs high-speed and high-volume computations to identify the clusters of similar flows and aggregate massive number of mice flows into a few meta-flows. Compared with existing solutions, our approach dynamically aggregates large number of such small flows into fewer flows, based on traffic characteristics and access node preferences. Using this approach, we alleviate the problem of processing a large amount of micro flows, and also significantly improve the accuracy of meeting the access node QoS demands. We conducted experiments, using a dataset of up to 100,000 flows, and studied the performance of our algorithm analytically. The experimental results are presented to show the promising effectiveness and scalability of our proposed approach.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2006

We optimized conditions of extract solvents and elution solvents for total aflatoxins in foods using HPLC/FLD. The extract solvent was 70% methanol solution including 1% NaCl and the 3 mL of acetonitrile was used as elution solvent using immnuoaffinity column. The detection limits (LOD) was 0.05 ng/g. The recoveries for total aflatoxins ($B_1,\;B_2,\;G_1\;and\;G_2$) studied in foods were cereals ($74.1{\sim}95.5%,\;83.7{\sim}98.8%,\;80.4{\sim}102.4%,\;72.8{\sim}76.5%$), pulses ($85.8{\sim}87.5%,\;83.8{\sim}90.7%,\;92.0{\sim}94.5%,\;60.6{\sim}65.6%$), nuts ($84.6{\sim}97.1%,\;86.0{\sim}94.1%,\;95.5{\sim}111.5%,\;71.0{\sim}89.9%$), processed foods ($81.5{\sim}87.1%,\;82.8{\sim}85.8%,\;85.4{\sim}92.7%,\;68.9{\sim}76.4%$), dried fruits ($83.6{\sim}93.5%,\;78.1{\sim}90.4%,\;93.0{\sim}108.5%,\;64.9{\sim}78.5%$) and other foods ($72.5{\sim}98.3%,\;73.1{\sim}96.4%,\;83.5{\sim}107.2%,\;64.2{\sim}75.8%$), respectively.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.16.1-16.9
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• 2016

Background: The association of biomaterial combined with repair factor-like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has prospective values. Bovine-derived xenograft has been identified as an osteoconductive and biocompatible grafting material that provides osseointegration ability. PRP has become a valuable adjunctive agent to promote healing in a lot of dental and oral surgery procedures. However, there are controversies with respect to the regenerative capacity of PRP and the real benefits of its use in bone grafts. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of PRP combined with xenograft for the repair of peri-implant bone defects. Methods: Twelve rabbits were used in this study, and the experimental surgery with implant installation was performed simultaneously. Autologous PRP was prepared before the surgical procedure. An intrabony defect (7.0 mm in diameter and 3.0 mm deep) was created in the tibia of each rabbit; then, 24 titanium dental implants (3.0 mm in diameter and 8.5 mm long) were inserted into these osteotomy sites. Thus, a standardized gap (4.0 mm) was established between the surrounding bony walls and the implant surface. The gaps were treated with either xenograft alone (control group) or xenograft combined with PRP (experimental group). After healing for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed with an overdose of KCl solution. Two rabbits were killed at each time, and the samples including dental implants and surrounding bone were collected and processed for histological analysis. Results: More newly formed bone and a better bone healing process were observed in control group. The histomorphometric analysis revealed that the mean percentage of bone-to-implant contact in the control group was significantly higher than that of the experimental group (25.23 vs. 8.16 %; P < 0.05, independent-simple t test, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Conclusions: The results indicate that in the addition of PRP to bovine-derived xenograft in the repair of bone defects around the implant, PRP may delay peri-implant bone healing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.415-420
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• 2013

A method for coating rice with a novel substance, SHC [soybean hydrolysate with Cyclo Histidine-Proline (CHP)], was developed to produce functional rice for food production. The dip coating and spray coating method was tested to reduce the loss of functionality during the manufacturing of enriched rice. The dip coating method showed a very low absorption rate ($0.079min^{-1}$) of the functional substance compared to control ($0.150min^{-1}$), while the spray-coating method with protective coating materials [a methyl cellulose solution (l%, w/v) containing 5% (w/v) of the SHC] showed relatively adequate absorption characteristics. A light yellowish stain was observed in the rice samples processed by the spray-coating method (b value; surface1 0.69, flour 4.91) compared to raw rice (b value; surface 9.67, flour 4.86). The microscopic appearance of whole kernels and longitudinal sections revealed that cracks formed in all rice samples, regardless of the coating method. In conclusion, spray coating is a potential method for producing SHC-fortified rice with excellent physical characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) announced that an earthquake of 9.0 magnitude had occurred near the east coast of Japan on March 11, 2011, resulting in a displacement of the crust of about 2.4 meters. The Korean peninsula is located on the Eurasian tectonic plate that stretches out to Japan; therefore, there is a high possibility of being affected by an earthquake. The Korean GPS CORS network operated by the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) was processed for ten days before and after the earthquake. Both static and kinematic baseline processing were tested for the determination of crustal deformation. The static baseline processing was performed in two scenarios: 1) fixing three IGS stations in China, Mongolia and Russia; 2) fixing SUWN, one of the CORS networks in Korea, in order to effectively verify crustal deformation. All data processing was carried out using Bernese V5.0. The test results show that most of the parts of the Korean peninsula have moved to the east, ranging 1.2 to 5.6 cm, compared to the final solution of the day before the earthquake. The stations, such as DOKD and ULLE that are established on the islands closer to the epicenter, have clearly moved the largest amounts. Furthermore, the station CHJU, located on the southwestern part of Korea, presents relatively small changes. The relative positioning between CORS confirms the fact that there were internal distortions of the Korean peninsula to some extent. In addition, the 30-second interval kinematic processing of CORS data gives an indication of earthquake signals with some delays depending on the distance from the epicenter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1527-1527
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• 2001

Glucose, fructose and sucrose being the main sugars that can be found in natural fruit juice. Many instrumental methods, such as GC, LC, electrochemical or spectrometric methods provide information about both the total content of sugars and the specific concentration of each carbohydrate[1]. The simplicity of sample handling and measurement in the near IR(NIR) wavelength region, which allows the use of long pathlength, optical glass cells and optical fibers, makes NIR a good alternative for sugar determination [2]. In the present study, six varieties of persian grapes were harvested at intervals through august to october and analysed for sugars by NIR. The results were processed by principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Sample juice was prepared by squeezing through gauze from crashed grape. This solution was treated by zinc ferrocyanide prior to analysis in order to eliminate colored compounds and all optically active nonsugar substances. For glucose and fructose the most characteristic wavelengths were 1456nm corresponding to the first harmonic O-H stretching and the second at 2062nm corresponding to O-H stretching and deformation; secondary characteristic combination bands were also seen at 2265 nm (O-H and C-C stretching) and at 2240 nm (C-H and C-C stretching). However these spectra were taken over a wavelength range from 1100-2500nm at room temperature of 25-$30^{\circ}C$. To test the accuracy of the described procedure, samples of six varieties of grape were analysed by the proposed NIR and a standard method[2]. Good agreement were found between these two sets of the results. To perform the recovery studies , samples of grape juices previously analysed by the proposed method, were spiked with known amounts of each individual sugars and then analysed again. Relative standard deviations varied from 1.4 to 1.8% for six independent measurements of individual and total sugar concentration. In the analysis of real and synthetic samples, precise and accurate results were obtained , providing accuracy errors lower than 1.9% in all cases. Average recoveries of ${97}{\pm}{4%}$ for total sugar and between ${95}{\pm}{5%}$ and ${99}{\pm}{2%}$ for sing1e sugars demonstrate the applicability of the methodology developed to the direct analysis of grape Juice.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 1975

Alaska pollack caught in the Northern Pacific Ocean and frozen aboard vessel are skipped to the plant and processed into frozen fillets. In the present paper quality changes during thwaing, refreezing and storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ are discussed. Natural, running-water, vacuum and steam thawing were employed as thawing methods. And contact plate, air blast, immersion in dry ice-alcohol solution freezing and storage at $-5^{\circ}C$ were applied to refreeze the thawed fillets. As quality factors content of drip released, salt-extractable protein, VBN, DNA in the drip and pH were determined. In addition, bacteriological tests were also carried out along with the whole process. In thawing of round material, the vacuum thawing was more effective than any other method, resulting in drip, salt-extractable protein $(N\%)$, VBN and DNA as $4.4\%,\;1.82\%,\;16.21mg\%$ and $13.70\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Storage at $-5^{\circ}C$ as refreezing method yielded lower in drip and DNA content but similar to or slightly higher in both salt-extractable protein and VBN, which might postulate that the quality of the frozen fillet depends not largely on the secondary freezing but on the conditions of thawing and primary freezing. It seemed that most of the bacterial flora in thawed fillet came from skin and viscera of fish, worker's hands, utensils and other processing facilities, since sanitary indicative bacteria were not detected in the frozen flesh of round Alaska pollack. Bacterial quality of fillet varied with thawing methods, vacuum thawing appeared more sanitative compared with other methods as natural, running-water, and steam thawing. Bacterial colonies isolated from the thawed fillet were composed of $73.8\%$ Gram negative rod shape, $4.9\%$ Gram positive rod shape, $18.0\%$ cocci, and $3.3\%$ yeast. Decreasing rate of coliform group of the fillet during the storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 30 days was more than $70\%$ and that of plate count was less than of coliform group.