• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.73-85
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• 2007

In this study, the experiment of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique using GC/FID was conducted as a possible alternative to liquid-liquid extraction for the analysis of EGBE, DGBE, DBM and TGME in water, and also, an optimization condition of trace analysis for disel oxygenates including EGBE by the design of experiment (DOE) was described. Experiments used a fractional factorial design method followed by central composite design allowing optimization of a number of factors as well as statistical analysis of the results. The response surface analysis showed that the extraction efficiency could be represented by a second-order polynomial equation in which the salts concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time and sonication time are the major influences. Using DOE method, a new datadependent method was developed to improve the quantity of confidently analyzed disel oxygenates in water samples.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

The biotransformation of monoterpenic agro-industrial wastes (turpentine oil and essential orange oil) was studied. More than 40 fungal strains were isolated from Brazilian tropical fruits and eucalyptus trees and screened for biotransformation of the waste substrates. Solid phase microextraction was used to monitor the presence of volatile compounds in the headspaces of sporulated surface cultures. The selected strains were submitted to submerged liquid culture. The biotransformation of R-(+)-limonene and ${\alpha},\;{\beta}-$ pinenes from the oils resulted in ${\alpha}-terpineol$ and perillyl alcohol, and verbenol and verbenone, respectively, as the main products. The selected strains were also placed in contact with ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-$ pinenes standards. It was confirmed that verbenol, verbenone, and ${\alpha}-terpineol$ were biotransformation products from the terpenes. A concentration of 90 mg/L of verbenone was achieved by Penicillium sp. 2360 after 3 days of biotransformation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.80-86
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• 2002

Volatile compounds in three different kinds of crude vinegars obtained from oak (Quercus serrata), bamboo (phyllostachys) and pine (Pinus densiflora) species were analyzed by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method. A total of 264 peaks were detected on the chromatograms obtained from the polar (CBP 20) and the nonpolar (CBP 1) columns, which were used for analyzing the volatile compounds in these vinegars. The major volatile compounds identified by using the polar column were 2-butanone, acetic acid, guaiacol, phenol, cresols, 4-ethyl guaiacol, 4-ethyl phenol, and syringol. Using the nonpolar column, seven compounds could be identified: 1,2-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-(2-furanyl)-1-propane, ethisolide, furfuryl acetate, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, phenyl acetate. The volatile compounds were classified into five groups: phenols, neutral compounds, organic acids, esters and others. The phenols were the main component and comprised 49~65% of the volatile compounds of these vinegars. In the case of bamboo vinegar, the proportion of the phenols in the volatile compounds was lower than that of the two wood vinegars. However, the proportions of the neutral compounds and the organic acids were higher than those of the wood vinegars. Therefore, it seems that these differences of the proportions of the volatile compounds would make a certain difference of a smoke flavor between the bamboo vinegar and the wood vinegars.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.567-573
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• 2015

In this study, volatile compounds in nine commercial Japanese distilled liquors (Shochu) were isolated by headspace solid-phase microexrraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 76 volatile components, including 48 esters, 13 alcohols, and 15 miscellaneous components, were identified. Esters and alcohols constituted the largest groups of quantified volatiles. Differences in volatile components among the distilled liquors and possible sample grouping were examined by applying principal component analyses to the GC-MS data sets. The first and second principal components explained 77.92% of the total variation across the samples. The samples using barley koji showed higher overall concentrations of total volatile components. Additionally, the principal component analysis did not reveal any sample grouping based on the raw material used.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.217-218
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• 2002

대기환경 중의 오존은 유기용제의 사용 및 차량에서 배출되는 휘발성 방향족 화합물과 오존전구물질(ozone precursors)이 대기 중에서 광화학반응을 통하여 만들어지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 오존은 호흡기계통의 기관지염 및 감기, 현기증과 같은 인체의 건강상에도 매우 나쁜 영향을 초래하고 있어 이에 대한 모니터링이 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고가의 장비가 소요되는 기존의 분석법인 저온농축법과 흡착법을 이용하는 대신에 고체상 미량추출방법 (Solid-Phase Microextraction, 이하 SPME)을 이용하여 GC/MS로 대기 중 오존 VOC를 ppt 수준까지 빠르고 신속하게 분석하는 방법을 확립하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.340-341
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• 2001

대기중의 악취물질의 분석은 현행 우리나라 악취공정시험법에 고시되어 있으나 복잡한 농축장치를 필요로하고 조작법이 복잡하고 시간이 많이 소요된다. 주요 악취물질로서 암모니아, 메틸머캅탄, 황화수소, 이황화메틸, 아세트알데히드등은 극미량에서(pub) 악취를 발생시키는 악취 주요물질이다. 그러나 이 물질들은 흡착, 반응성이 커서 정확한 분석이 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 간단한 장치로서 시료농축이 가능하며, 간단히 GC injection에 주입, 분석할 수 있는 SPME법을 이용하여 악취물질을 신속하게 분석할 수 있는 분석법을 개발하고저 하였다. 분석방법에 대한 분석재현성, 분석한계를 조사하였으며, 이 분석방법이 앞으로 악취물질분석방법으로 활용될 수 있도록 기본 분석법을 확립하고자 하였다. (중략)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 2003

Headspace volatile compounds of oxidized fish oil were analyzed by the combination of hexane solvent or solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography and mass selective detector. The optimum condition of headspace analysis by hexane trapping was 23 min absorption time, 96$^{\circ}C$ sample temperature and 20 mL/min air flow rate. The numbers of volatile compounds identified by solvent trapping and SPME were 35 and 14, respectively. Groups having the largest amount and many kinds were hydrocarbons and aldehydes, respectively. The numbers of aldehydes were 15 and 6 for solvent trap and SPME, respectively. These basic data could be used as indicators for the quality changes of fish oil.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2012

Cultural heritages emit volatile organic compounds(VOCs) during degradation as chemical, biological factors. These VOCs in the atmosphere are degradation factors for another materials. But non-destructive organic analysis methods are uncommon, and have difficulties for field application. In this study, solid phase micro-extraction(SPME) and gas chromatography( GC) are carried out for analysis of VOCs which are emitted from leather, and prove SPME field holder's efficiency. I analize leather archival objects at The National Archives of Korea by cross-checking GC and SPME methods. It could be confirmed that the compounds are (E)-2-nonenal, butyl hydroxy toluene emitted itself from leather.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.206-212
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• 2002

Ginsengs grown fur six years at different locations were harvested and prepared for white and red ginsengs. These fresh, white, red, and other ginsengs purchased from domestic and foreign countries were analyzed for their volatile compounds by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (SPME-GC) and SPME-GC/mass spectrometery (MS). The intensity of the ginseng volatiles perceived by nose was also measured in order to correlate the intensity with the corresponding GC analysis. Good correlations were obtained between the GC peak area and the degree of intensity evaluated by sensory panelists, indication that a reliable and objective evaluation of the aroma intensity of ginsengs by a simple GC analysis is possible.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2003

Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME) was used to isolate the off-flavor volatile compounds, which are formed during the oxidation of porcine liver and unsaturated fatty acids in porcine liver induced by iron. Three fibers for HS-SPME method development were tested, and the polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene(PDMS/DVB) fiber was selected as providing the best detection of analyzed compounds. In the oxidized arachidonic acid, the major compounds identified were hexanal, 1-octen-3-one(metallic), (Z)-4-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom), (Z)-2-nonenal (cardboard-like), and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal(fatty, oily). In the oxidized linolenic acid, the major ones were (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal(fishy), (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal. Moreover, those of th oxidized porcine liver with iron were hexanal, 1-octen-3-one, (Z)-4-heptenal, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal. These results showed that the fishy and metallic off-flavor in porcine liver were due to the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in porcine liver.