• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.625-631
• /
• 2008

Correct evaluation of cut and fill volume of soil is one of the most important factors which controls construction cost in enormous construction sites. To achieve accurate computation of soil volume in construction site precise surveying is required, however most of construction sites adopt existing optical surveying instruments such as Total Station. The problem when using these optical instruments in construction sites is that these instruments take longer time in data acquisition. Due to insufficiency of computation time accurate and precise observation cannot be accomplished with these equipments. As a result roughly calculated earthwork volume may cause arguments between contractors and supervisors in the matter of reduction or increasement of total construction cost. In this study VRS-RTK Surveying is adopted to perform fast and accurate in-situ surveying for rapid computation of soil volume. This VRS-RTK Surveying system is proved to have more accurate three dimensional coordinates with high density and better economical solution with less manpower.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil mites(Acarina:Cryptostigmata) and vegetation in sampled area. From July 1984 to June 1985, samples were taken monthly from coniferous forests; a pinenut (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) forest (site C-1), a whitepine(Pinus strobus L.) forest (site C-2), a needle fir tree(Abies holophyla Max.) forest (site C-3), and three broad-leaved forests; site B-1, B-2, and B-3 in Cholanamdo province, southerm part of Korea. Vascular plants of 152 species belonging to 115 genera (53 families) were identified. The flora in the coniferous forests were more diverse than in the broad-leaved forest. Similarity coefficient to the flora was shown highly between the neighbouring sites. The oribatid species in the coniferous forests were more diverse than those in the broadleaved forests. The similarity index suggested that oribatid mites in those surveying sites could be divided into "coniferous forest type" and "broad-leaved forest type".d forest type".uot;.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.339-347
• /
• 2004

This study aims at calculating the exact soil conversion factor of cutting and banking areas of weathering rocks in large-scaled construction sites where land is being developed into home lots. For this, we have excavated the respective 20 sites of the cutting and banking areas in the said site and then calculated the volume after the excavation. As a result, the relative accuracy of the difference was calculated at 0.5% in average. We have calculated the exact soil conversion factor by the use of function ratio as per the wet unit weight and the indoor soil quality test as per volume calculated. And then we have found out minor differences as a result of the comparison and analysis with soil conversion factor determined by the dry unit weight test as per sand replacement method. This may be judged as a rational design method for the calculation of soil conversion factor, as well as high reliability of site test as a precision photogrammetry is adopted for volume measurement of the irregular excavating areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.261-269
• /
• 2014

Most areas in Gangwon-do are mountainous regions where causes heavy damages due to landslides. It is important to analyze basic factors influencing the cause of landslides in order to prevent such landslides. For this study, a landslide occurring site is extracted from aerial images taken after the landslide caused by typhoon 'Ewiniar' in Pyeongchang area 2006. Also, the overlay analysis with the topographic, forest, and soil maps in this area is performed using GIS based methods. In addition, the topographic, forest, and soil characteristics relating to the landslide factors are analyzed. As a result, large numbers of landslides occurred at a slope angle of $20^{\circ}-40^{\circ}$. In the case of the forest factors, there are close relationships between the artificial pine and larch forests and the frequency of landslides. The low forest density represents a weakness in landslides. In the case of the soil factors, a higher level in the surface soil with a type of sandy loam soil, a higher gravel content in subsoil, and a higher degree of acid rocks in soil parent materials cause higher frequencies in landslides.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.295-315
• /
• 2024

Urban development and the expansion of electrical resistivity surveying applications have increased the need for soil and underground structure investigations on paved surfaces. Traditional methods involved drilling through the pavement or surveying surrounding soil. Recently, non-invasive surveying techniques have been developed. This paper analyzes these methods, categorizing them into galvanic methods (including drilling and flat ground electrodes) and capacitive coupling methods. By examining case studies, it suggests selecting the appropriate method based on the pros and cons of each and the specific site characteristics. The paper also discusses the applicability and limitations of electrical resistivity surveying through various examples.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2019

Earth-work calculation is the important data for estimating the optimal construction cost at the construction site. Earth-work calculations require the accurate terrain data and precise soil volume calculations. Drone surveying technology provides accurate topography in a short time and economic advantages. In this paper, a drone surveying technique was used to derive a high precision soil volume calculation system. Field demonstration were performed to verify the accuracy of the volume measurement system. The results of earth-work calculation using drone survey were compared with those of GPS surveying. In addition, the developed earth-work volume calculation algorithm is compared with the existing aerial survey software (Pix4D) to verify the accuracy.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 1996

Among many geophysical prospecting methods, GPR(Ground Penetration Radar) and electrical resistivity method have been applied to a open waste dumping landfill for measuring of the site area and depth. The surveying was limited to a boarder of the site and inside area because of the field situation. The data of GPR were recorded by 50MHz antenna, and dipole array was used for electrical resistivity survey in the same survey line for the integrated interpretation. The result of GPR clearly indicated the horizontal boarder of site. However, the data of GPR did not have enough to measure the depth of site clearly. The electrical resistivity method may show the effective information by integrated interpreation. These results coincided with results of the boring test. Therefore, a combination of GPR and electrical resistivity is a good method for surveying of suspective open waste dumping landfill area and it's depth.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.293-305
• /
• 2023

To ensure the safety of underground infrastructures, ground can sometimes be first treated by cement slurry and then stabilized using artificial ground freezing (AGF) technique before excavation. The hydration heat produced by cement slurry increases the soil temperature before freezing and results in an extension of the active freezing time (AFT), especially when the Metro Jet System (MJS) treatment is adopted due to a high cement-soil ratio. In this paper, by taking advantage of an on-going project, a case study was performed to evaluate the influence of MJS and AGF on the ground temperature variation through on-site measurement and numerical simulation. Both on-site measurement and simulation results reveal that MJS resulted in a significant increase in the soil temperature after treatment. The ground temperature gradually decreases and then stabilized after completion of MJS. The initiation of AGF resulted in a quick decrease in ground temperature. The ground temperature then slowly decreased and stabilized at later freezing. A slight difference in ground temperature exists between the on-site measurements and simulation results due to limitations of numerical simulation. For the AGF system, numerical simulation is still strongly recommended because it is proven to be cost-effective for predicting the ground temperature variation with reasonable accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2006

Ministry of construction & transportation is operating for the soil and rock information system and is considered to accurate application of soil conversion factor that is essentially necessary for accurate calculation of earth volume. Since the balance of cutting earth in public work, the plan of spoil bank or borrow pit are directly related to construction costs, accurate calculation of earth volume and efficient scheme of haul are important. As such, this study has provided methods that can acquire information that is more rapid, applicable to job sites, and trustworthy by comparing resultant values of photogrammetry, laser scanning, or inside job site experimentations, and calculated soil conversion factor by applying photogrammetry and laser scanning methods for hard rock that has difficulty in calculating soil conversion factor. The study can provide alternatives that can resolve the problems of unbalanced earth volume that may arise in applying to plans the earth conversion factor that relies on planning books and experience without considering the characteristics of job site earth, and can establish its relevancy by calculating soil conversion factor for hard rock that has relative difficulties in doing inside or job site testing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 2003

Design of a rational earth volume conversion coefficient is required as the earth volume conversion coefficient may give great influence on construction work volume and construction costs in the civil engineering works where large-scaled earth volume is excavated. However, there are a great deal of difficulties in the calculation of the exact spoil surface earth and Insufficient earth volume by adopting the figures presented on the generally used design specifications which are not the results obtained from the selection tests in calculating the earth volume conversion coefficient. In this connection, it would be desirable to calculate the earth volume conversion coefficient by carrying out large-scaled site test adequate for the relevant environment. In consequence, this study aims at calculating the exact earth volume conversion coefficient of cutting and banking areas of weathering rocks in large-scaled construction sites where land is being developed into home lots. For this, we have excavated the respective 20 sites of the cutting and banking areas in the said site and then calculated the volume after the excavation. As a result, the relative exactness degree of the crossing was calculated at 0.5% in average. The relative exactness degree of 0.5% in the volume may be judged as an exact measurement as it corresponds to 0.17% of the relative exactness degree in the length measurement. We have calculated the exact earth volume conversion coefficient by the use of function ratio as per the wet unit weight and the indoor soil quality test as per volume calculated. And then we have found out minor differences as a result of the comparison and analysis with the earth volume conversion coefficient determined by the dry unit weight test as per sand replacement method. This may be judged as a rational design method for the calculation of earth volume conversion coefficient, as well as high reliability of site test as a precision photogrammetry is adopted for volume measurement of the irregular excavating areas.