• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2010

Vertical vibration tests were conducted using model footings of different size and mass resting on the surface of finite sand layer with different height to width ratios which was underlain by either rigid concrete base, under both dry and saturated condition. The effect of saturation on the damping ratio of finite sand stratum underlain by a rigid base has been verified and compared with the results obtained for the case of finite dry sand stratum underlain by the rigid base. Comparison of results of the experimental study showed that the damping in both the cases is less than 10%. The damping ratio obtained for finite saturated sand stratum is marginally lower than that obtained on finite dry sand stratum at H/B ratio of 0.5. The difference between the two cases becomes significant when the H/B ratio increases to 3.0, indicating the significant influence of soil moisture on damping ratio of foundation- soil system with increase in the thickness of the finite sand stratum. Comparison of the predicted damping ratio for a homogeneous sand stratum with the experimental damping ratio obtained corresponding to the height to width ratio of 3.0 of the finite sand stratum underlain by the rigid concrete base indicates a significant reduction in damping ratio of the foundation-soil system for both the cases.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2008

A brief review of the research works on ground vibrations caused by trains moving in underground tunnels is first given. Then, the finite/infinite element approach for simulating the soil-tunnel interaction system with semi-infinite domain is summarized. The tunnel is assumed to be embedded in a homogeneous half-space or stratified soil medium. The train moving underground is modeled as an infinite harmonic line load. Factors considered in the parametric studies include the soil stratum depth, damping ratio and shear modulus of the soil with or without tunnel, and the thickness of the tunnel lining. As far as ground vibration is concerned, the existence of a concrete tunnel may somewhat compensate for the loss due to excavation of the tunnel. For a soil stratum resting on a bedrock, the resonance peak and frequency of the ground vibrations caused by the underground load can be rather accurately predicted by ignoring the existence of the tunnel. Other important findings drawn from the parametric studies are given in the conclusion.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2005

Stress distribution in soils is the very important element to design and to solve the problems of settlement, safety of foundations and trafficability of constructing vehicle in civil engineering. This research presents the comparative estimation of the actual and theoretical measurement on the underground stress of outer layer for each soil after the observation of each top soil layer fur its vertical and horizontal stresses in (1) homogeneous sand ground (2) weak stratum with the sand soil (3) weak stratum with gravel of the soil model, and it also investigates the effect of subsidence of ground by the repeated load. The underground stresses fumed out to be different in the value of theoretical and actual measurement after the trial examination of model. This study has the purpose of suggesting the better construction method of running equipment on weak stratum by comparing the estimated value of trial experiment and theory on underground stress of the weak ground surface area and of raising up the necessity of the continuous research hereafter.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2024

Shield tunneling construction commonly crosses underground pipelines in urban areas, resulting in soil loss and followed deformation of grounds and pipelines nearby, which may threaten the safe operation of shield tunneling. This paper investigated the pipeline deformation caused by double curved shield tunnels in soil-rock composite stratum in Nanjing, China. The stratum settlement equation was modified to consider the double shield tunneling. Moreover, a three dimensional finite element model was established to explore the effects of hard-layer ratio, tunnel curvature radius, pipeline buried depth and other influencing factors. The results indicate the subsequent shield tunnel would cause secondary disturbance to the soil around the preceding tunnel, resulting in increased pipeline and ground surface settlement above the preceding tunnel. The settlement and stress of the pipeline increased gradually as buried depth of the pipeline increased or the hard-layer ratio (the ratio of hard-rock layer thickness to shield tunnel diameter within the range of the tunnel face) decreased. The modified settlement calculation equation was consistent with the measured data, which can be applied to the settlement calculation of ground surface and pipeline settlement. The modified coefficients a and b ranged from 0.45 to 0.95 and 0.90 to 1.25, respectively. Moreover, the hard-layer ratio had the most significant influence on the pipeline settlement, but the tunnel curvature radius and the included angle between pipeline and tunnel axis played a dominant role in the scope of the pipeline settlement deformation.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.423-428
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• 2005

If the load of constructing vehicles during the construction work acts on the road or the ground surface on the soft ground, due to the excess stresses in soils the trafficability of the vehicles influences the constructing efficiency, constructing period and so on. Stress distribution in soils is the very important element to design and to solve the problems of settlement, safety of foundations and trafficability of constructing vehicle in civil engineering. This research represents the comparative estimation of the actual and theoretical measurement on the underground stress of outer layer for each soil after the observation of each top soil layer for its vertical and horizontal stress in (1)homogeneous sand ground (2) weak stratum with the sand soil (3) weak stratum with gravel of the soil model, and it also investigates the effect of subsidence of ground by the repeated load. The underground stress turn out to be different in the value of theoretical and actual measurement after the trial examination of model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

The seismic response of RC space frame structures with isolated footing resting on a shallow soil stratum on rock is presented in this paper. Homogeneous soil stratum of different stiffness in the very soft to stiff range is considered. Soil, footing and super structure are considered to be the parts of an integral system. A finite element model of the integrated system is developed and subjected to scaled acceleration time histories recorded during two different real earthquakes. Dynamic analysis is performed using mode superposition method of transient analysis. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of flexibility of soil in the dynamic behaviour of low-rise building frames. The time histories and Fourier spectra of roof displacement, base shear and structural response quantities of the space frame on compliant base are presented and compared with the fixed base condition. Results indicate that the incorporation of soil flexibility is required for the realistic estimate of structural seismic response especially for single storey structures resting on very soft soil.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.237-253
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• 2012

익산 미륵사지 석탑은 백제시대의 석탑으로 미륵사터에 세워진 탑 중 유일하게 현존하는 국보 제11호이다. 이 석탑은 이미 부분적으로 원형을 상실한 상태로서 현재는 완전히 해체되어 복원을 앞두고 있다. 이 연구에서는 석탑의 지반에 대한 판축기술 및 제작기법을 해석하기 위해 사지 조성층, 석탑 축기부 및 기단 조성층에 사용된 토층을 층위별로 구분하여 물리적, 재료학적 및 지구화학적 특성 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 미륵사지 주변에 분포하는 지반 토양 5점을 선정하여 석탑 판축에 사용된 토층과의 비교연구를 통하여 상호간의 동질성을 해석하였다. 이 결과, 석탑의 판축에 사용된 모든 토층에서 인위적 첨가물은 확인되지 않았다. 또한 주변 지역의 토양과 물리적, 광물학적 및 지구화학적 특성이 동일한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 미륵사지 석탑의 지반은 특별한 정선과정 없이 주변 지역의 토양을 사용하여 축조한 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2004

액성한계 두 배 이상의 매우 높은 함수비를 갖는 준설점토의 압밀특성을 파악하기 위해 Rowe cell 압밀시험기를 사용하여 압밀시험을 실시하였다. 초기함수비 변화가 압밀특성에 주는 영향을 검토하기 위해서 함수비를 $100\~150\%로$ 변화시켜서 실험을 수행하였고 재성형 준설점토의 압밀특성과 비교하였다. 실험결과로부터 준설점토의 초기함수비가 증가할수록 e-logP 곡선의 비선형적 거동이 뚜렷하였고, 하중단계 40kPa까지는 곡선의 기울기 변화가 급변하였으며 그 이후의 하중단계에서는 완만한 형상을 보여주었다. 압축지수비는 Mesri(1973)가 제안한 값의 범위 내에 존재하였으며, 초기함수비변화가 압밀계수에 미치는 영향은 거의 없었고 오히려 압밀하중의 크기가 연직압밀계수에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 대형압밀시험기를 이용하여 압밀기간 중 층 두께의 변화를 고려하여 압밀기간을 산정하는 Mikasa이론과 그렇지 않은 Terzaghi의 이론을 비교하였다. 그 결과 변형률이 큰 지반에서의 압밀기간은 압밀기간 중 층 두께의 변화를 고려한 Mikasa 이론의 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 실측치에 근사하게 산정되었다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.345-350
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• 2006

If a structure is founded on the ground saturated with pore water, then the ground should be modeled as a saturated two-phase porous medium for accurate earthquake response analysis. In this study, a 3-dimensional transmitting boundary is developed for modeling of far field using u-U formulation for water-saturated transversely isotropic layered stratum. The developed transmitting boundary is verified by comparing the dynamic stiffness of rigid square foundation on water-saturated isotropic layered stratum with the case of using equivalent single-phase medium model.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.531-546
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• 2022

Ground displacements caused by the construction of overlapping twin shield tunnels with small turning radius are complex, especially under special geological conditions of construction. To investigate the ground displacements caused due to shield machines in the unique calcareous sand layers in Israel for the first time and determine the main factors affecting the ground displacements, field monitoring, laboratory geological analysis, theoretical calculations, and parameter studies were adopted. By using rod extensometers, inclinometers, total stations, and automatic segment-displacement monitors, subsurface tunneling-induced displacement, surface settlement, and displacement of the down-track tunnel segments caused by the construction of an up-track tunnel were analyzed. The up-track tunnel and the down-track tunnel pass through different stratum, resulting in different construction parameters and ground displacements. The laws of variation of thrust and torque, soil pressure in the chamber, excavated soil quantity, synchronous grouting pressure, and grout volume of the two tunnels from parallel to fully overlapping orientations were compared. The thrust and torque of the shield in the fine sand are larger than those in the Kurkar layer, and the grouting amount in fine sand is unstable. According to fuzzy statistics and Gaussian curve fitting of the shield tunneling speed, the tunneling speed in the Kurkar stratum is twice that in the fine-sand stratum.