• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2002

During the construction period of submarine shield tunnel, which is built firstly in very soft marine clay layer 40m deep in Korea, wide range problems were encountered such as safe launching against high earth pressure at shield entrance, technique of shield face pressure control when passing through complex multi-layered soils This paper introduces successful construction practice through development of state-of-the-art construction method and field monitoring.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2000

An understanding of the behaviour of soft clay soils is important in a large number of civil engineering applications, including dredging operations, land reclamation and slurry management such as disposal and storage. Although the details of the behaviour depend on parameters such as the soil mineralogy, the pore water chemistry, the organic content and the microbiology, there are general features that are typical in many cases. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some of evaporation and desiccation observed in laboratory experiments under controlled conditions. Desiccation of dredged material is basically removal of water by evaporation which is controlled by weather and material type, etc. This study shows that (1) solar radiation, (2) wind velocity, (3) material depth, (4) trench depth are important factors in desiccation of dredged ultra soft clay.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.423-427
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 잔교구조물이 축조된 연약지반에 있어서, 연약지반의 측방유동을 계측하였다. 계측결과는 수치해석결과와 함께 비교, 분석되었다. 분석결과, 연약지반의 수평변위는 침하보다는 성토에 의한 측방유동에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 매립 및 선행하중재하 단계에서 급격히 발생하였다. 수치해석결과와 계측결과 모두 모래다짐말뚝 치환부와 사석의 경계 이상에서 비교적 균등하게 최대수평변위가 발생하는 등 유사한 변위발생 양상을 보여 주었으며, 변위량은 수치해석결과가 계측치보다 큰 값을 보였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.793-806
• /
• 2016

The pozzolanic characteristics of a sludge incinerated into ash were determined in this study. Lime is commonly used as a stabilizer for the treatment of soils, whereas sewage sludge ash (SSA) is often applied with lime to improve soft subgrade soil. In this study, a cohesive soil categorized as A-4 (low-plasticity clay) by AASHTO classifications was mixed with SSA/lime with a 3:1 ratio. Nano-$SiO_2$ was also added to the soil. To identify changes in the workability, strength, permeability, and shear strength of the soft subgrade soil, basic soil tests were conducted, and the microstructure of the treated soil was analyzed. The results indicate that SSA/lime mixtures improve the properties of soft subgrade soil and transform the soil from "poor subgrade soil" to "good to excellent subgrade soil" with a CBR > 8. Additionally, the addition of 2% nano-$SiO_2$ increases the unconfined compressive strength of soft subgrade soil treated with SSA/lime mixture by approximately 17 kPa. However, the swelling of the treated soil increased by approximately 0.1% after the addition of nano-$SiO_2$ and lime. Thus, soil swelling should be considered before lime and nano-$SiO_2$ are applied to soft subgrade soil.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 1999

In general, the term soft ground includes clayey soils, which have large compressibility and small shear resistance due to the external load. All process of consolidation in compressible soils can be explained in terms of a transfer of load from an incompressible pore-water to a compressible soil structure. Therefore, one of the most important subjects about the characteristics of the time-dependent consolidation of the clay foundation by the change of load may be the presumption of the final settlement caused by consolidation and the degree of consolidation according to the time. The problems of discontinuous layer interface are very important in the algorithm and programming for the analysis of multi-layered soils using a numerical analysis, finite difference method. Better results can be obtained by the Process for discontinuous layer interface, since it can help consolidation analysis to model the actual ground. The purpose of this paper Provides an efficient computer algorithm based on numerical analysis using finite difference method(F.D.M.) which account for multi-layered soils to determine the degree of consolidation and excess pore pressures relative to time and positions more realistically.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2024

In the case of the Pohang earthquake, which had a magnitude of 5.4 in 2017, geotechnical damages such as liquefaction and ground settlement occurred. The need for countermeasures has emerged, and experimental research in the Pohang area has continued. This study collected undisturbed samples from damaged fine-grained soil areas where ground settlement occurred in Pohang. Cyclic tri-axial tests for identifying the dynamic characteristics of soils were performed on the undisturbed samples, and the results were analyzed to determine the cause of ground settlement. As a result of the study, it was determined that in the case of fine-grained soils, ground settlement occurred because the seismic load as an external force was relatively more significant than the shear resistance of the very soft fine-grained soils, rather than due to an increase in excess pore water pressure.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2006

단단한 모래 입자와 연약하고 작은 고무 입자로 이루어진 Engineered Soil의 변형률에 따른 거동을 분석하기 위한 시험을 수행하였다. 파의 전파, $K_{o}$ 재하, 삼축 시험을 이용하여 단단한 입상 재료에서 연약한 입상 재료의 전이 거동을 파악하기 위해 다른 모래부피비를 가진 Engineered Soil을 준비하였다. 미소, 중간 및 대변형 변형계수는 단단한 입자의 부피비에 따라 직선 관계가 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 대신 변형계수들은 모래부피비가 $sf=0.6{\sim}0.8$ 사이의 threshold 값을 초과할 때 급격하게 증가하였다. 이는 단단한 입자들의 침투 네트워크(percolating network)의 형성을 나타낸다. 내부마찰각은 단단한 입자의 부피비가 증가함에 따라 증가한다. 반대로, 첨두 강도에서의 축변형률은 연약한 입자의 함유에 따라 증가하며, 모래부피비가 60% 이하인 Engineered Soil에서는 첨두 강도를 관찰 할 수 없었다. 연약한 입자의 존재는 하중 체인(farce chain)의 형성을 바꾼다. 연약한 입자들이 높은 하중 전달 체인(chain)의 역할을 못할 지라도, 단단한 입자 하중 체인의 뒤틀림 방지의 중요한 역할을 수행한다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2004

SCP공법(Sand Compaction Pile Method)은 안벽구조물 하부 지반이 연약할 경우에 압밀침하 속도를 증가시키고, 침하를 감소시키며, 지지력을 증대시키기 위하여 널리 적용되어 왔다. SCP 개량지반은 연약지반에 타설된 모래말뚝과 주변 연약지반으로 구성된 복합지반을 형성한다. 이와 같은 복합지반의 설계 및 해석 시 가장 중요한 요소는 치환율에 따른 응력분담비이다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석기법을 사용하여 복합지반에 대한 응력분담비 특성을 검토하였다. 치환율에 따른 응력분담비는 상수 값이 아니라 연약지반의 깊이, 압밀과정에 의존한다. 또한 하중재하 단계에 응력분담비는 복합지반의 응력전이 특성에 의하여 증가하며, 재하 완료 직후에는 치환율에 따라 2.5∼12의 값을 가진다. 그러나 과잉간극수압이 소산되어 점토지반의 유효응력이 증가되는 압밀과정 동안에는 감소하여 압밀 완료 후에는 치환율에 관계없이 2.5∼6정도 범위로 수렴한다.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 1995

This study aimes at investigating the applicability of single surface work - hardening model(7, 8) to clayey soils through FEM analysis. The comparison was carried out for the results between numericaL analysis and cubical triaxial tests in which confined stress was applied differently and 3-directional principal stress can be controlled. Furthermore, the results of the numerical analysis were compared with observed values of load test on the 2-dimensional model foundation composed of clayey soils. The agreement between nu- merical and observed values proved to be of high accuracy, which indicates that numeri- cal techniques developed during this study using the model can be used for the prediction of settlement, leteral displacement and pore water pressure of actual soft foundation of clayey soils.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 2001

This paper shows the reduction effect of tile earthquake-induced liquefaction potential of soils that improved by Vibro-Replacement Stone Columns. The Vibro-Replacement Stone Columns method transforms soft cohesive soils into a composite mass of compacted granular or crushed stone columns by using vibrating equipment and water jets. This study investigated and analyzed the behavior of the stone columns and composite ground using the results of in situ test and measurement at the job-site. This paper shows the evaluation of the earthquake-induced liquefaction potential of soils using in situ test. There are different types of in situ test used in the evaluation the liquefaction potential. In the particular study the Standard penetration test, and Cone penetration test were used. The N value of Standard Penetration test has been used all over for a very long time. The evaluation of the liquefaction of soil was performed using the worldwide renewed Cone penetration test