Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.10.6.793

Study properties of soft subgrade soil stabilized by sewage sludge/lime and nano-SiO2  

Lin, Deng-Fong (Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University)
Luo, Huan-Lin (Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University)
Chen, Chien-Ta (Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University)
Cai, Ming-Du (Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University)
Publication Information
Geomechanics and Engineering / v.10, no.6, 2016 , pp. 793-806 More about this Journal
Abstract
The pozzolanic characteristics of a sludge incinerated into ash were determined in this study. Lime is commonly used as a stabilizer for the treatment of soils, whereas sewage sludge ash (SSA) is often applied with lime to improve soft subgrade soil. In this study, a cohesive soil categorized as A-4 (low-plasticity clay) by AASHTO classifications was mixed with SSA/lime with a 3:1 ratio. Nano-$SiO_2$ was also added to the soil. To identify changes in the workability, strength, permeability, and shear strength of the soft subgrade soil, basic soil tests were conducted, and the microstructure of the treated soil was analyzed. The results indicate that SSA/lime mixtures improve the properties of soft subgrade soil and transform the soil from "poor subgrade soil" to "good to excellent subgrade soil" with a CBR > 8. Additionally, the addition of 2% nano-$SiO_2$ increases the unconfined compressive strength of soft subgrade soil treated with SSA/lime mixture by approximately 17 kPa. However, the swelling of the treated soil increased by approximately 0.1% after the addition of nano-$SiO_2$ and lime. Thus, soil swelling should be considered before lime and nano-$SiO_2$ are applied to soft subgrade soil.
Keywords
lime; sewage; sludge ash; soft subgrade soil;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ahmed, A. (2015), "Compressive strength and microstructure of soft clay soil stabilized with recycled bassanite", Appl. Clay Sci., 104, 27-35.   DOI
2 Harichane, K., Ghrici, M. and Kenai, S. (2012), "Effect of the combination of lime and natural pozzolana on the compaction and strength of soft clayey soils: A preliminary study", Environ. Earth Sci., 66(8), 2197-2205.   DOI
3 Kang, X., Ge, L., Kang, G.C. and Mathews, C. (2015a), "Laboratory investigation of the strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity of fly ash and lime kiln dust stabilised clay subgrade materials", Road Mater. Pavement Des., 16(4), 928-945.   DOI
4 Kang, X., Kang, G.C., Chang, K.T. and Ge, L. (2015b), "Chemically stabilized soft clays for road-base construction", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 27(7), 04014199.   DOI
5 Lin, D.F., Chen, L., Cai, M.D. and Huang, Z.X. (2007), "Application of sludge ash and nano-$SiO_2$ to the stabilization treatment of soft subgrade soil", Proceedings of the 3rd Taiwan Sewer Association Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, July, pp. 61-70.
6 Little, D.N. (1995), Handbook for Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Courses with Lime, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA, USA.
7 Luo, H.L., Lin, D.F., Shieh, S.I. and You, Y.F. (2014), "Micro-observations of different types of nano-$Al_2O_3$ on the hydration of cement paste with sludge ash replacement", Environ. Technol., 36(23), 2967-2976. DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.911362   DOI
8 National Institute of Environmental Analysis (2009), Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leaching standards, NIEA R201.14C, National Institute of Environmental Analysis, Taiwan.
9 Malekpoor, M. and Poorebrahim, G. (2014), "Comparative study on the behavior of lime-soil columns and other types of stone columns", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 7(2), 133-148.   DOI
10 Al-Mahbashi, A.M., Elkady, T.Y. and Alrefeai, T.O. (2015), "Soil water characteristic curve and improvement in lime treated expansive soil", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 8(5), 687-706.   DOI
11 Azadegan, O., Li, J. and Jafari, S.H. (2014), "Estimation of shear strength parameters of lime-cement stabilized granular soils from unconfined compressive tests", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 7(3), 247-261.   DOI
12 Aziz, M., Saleem, M. and Irfan, M. (2015), "Engineering behavior of expansive soils treated with rice husk ash", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 8(2), 173-186.   DOI
13 Cai, M.D. (2007), "A study of sewage sludge and nano material applied with the stability treatment in weak pavement subgrade soil", Master Thesis; I-Shou University, Taiwan, R.O.C.
14 Calik, U. and Sadoglu, E. (2014), "Engineering properties of expansive clayey soil stabilized with lime and perlite", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 6(4), 403-418.   DOI
15 Canakci, H., Aziz, A. and Celik, F. (2015), "Soil stabilization of clay with lignin, rice husk powder and ash", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 8(1), 67-79.   DOI
16 Chen, L. and Lin, D.F. (2009), "Stabilization treatment of soft subgrade soil by sewage sludge ash and cement", J. Hazard. Mater., 162(1), 321-327.   DOI
17 Cristelo, N., Glendinning, S., Fernandes, L. and Pinto, A.T. (2012), "Effect of calcium content on soil stabilisation with alkaline activation", Constr. Build. Mater., 29, 167-174.   DOI
18 Fattah, M.Y., Al-Saidi, A.A. and Jaber, M.M. (2015), "Improvement of bearing capacity of footing on soft clay grouted with lime-silica fume mix", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 8(1), 113-132.   DOI
19 Tay, J.H. and Show, K.Y. (1992a), "Reuse of wastewater sludge in manufacturing non-conventional construction material - An innovative approach to ultimate sludge disposal", Water Sci. Technol., 26(5-6), 1165-1174.   DOI
20 Shooshpasha, I. and Shirvani, R.A. (2015), "Effect of cement stabilization on geotechnical properties of sandy soils", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 8(1), 17-31.   DOI
21 Tay, J.H. and Show, K.Y. (1992b), "The use of lime-blended sludge for production of cementitious material", Water Environ. Res., 64(1), 6-12.   DOI
22 Yang, C.C. (2004), "A study of the sewage sludge applied with the stability treatment in weak pavement subgrade soil", Master Thesis; National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan, R.O.C.