• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1085-1092
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• 2002

Changes in laundering habits and the efficacy claims made for oxygen bleach added to detergents necessitate a deeper investigation into the testing of the washing efficacy of detergents and washing process. The effect of the addition of a sodium percarbonate and bleach activator TAED to an enzyme containing detergent on the soil removal and antimicrobial properties were investigated with the measuring of residual H$_2$O$_2$. The addition of sodium percarbonates to enzyme containing detergent lowered the soil removal of EMPA 116 cloth. But sodium percarbonates had greater effects on that of colored stained cloths such as EMPA 115 and artificially soiled with wine and red pepper while they were presoaked at 20$^{\circ}C$ or higher for So minutes or longer. Most of hydrogen peroxide was remained after washing. Over 99.9% of Staphylococcus aureus on the cotton cloth was removed in every washing solutions, but the cloth washed with enzyme containing detergent or detergent with oxygen bleach didn't show the antimicrobial property.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.81-84
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• 2002

식물 중 단자엽을 제외한 쌍자엽 식물은 선택적으로 제거할 수 있는 헤테로 고리 화합물을 기존에 알려진 방법보다 용이하게 합성할 수 있는 방법을 연구하였으며, 과정에 일부 헤테로 고리 치환기의 4위치에 염소기가 치환된 화합물 5a를 70%수율로 하는 5b는 74%수율로 각각 수득하였다. 술폰 산화제로 potassium percarbonate를 사용하였을 때 1)의 화합물을 90%수율로 고순도 화합물을 수득하였으며 2)의 경우 85%의 고수율, 고순도 화합물을 수득하였다. Sodium hypochlorite의 경우 피리미딘 헤테로 고리에 염소가 치환되는 불순물 생성으로 적합지 않음이 판명되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2013

ETA (ethanolamine)는 원자력 발전소 2차계통의 pH 조절제인 암모니아 대체 물질로 2001년부터 이용되고 있다. 환경적 측면에서 난분해성 유기물이며 현재 운영 중인 원자력 발전소 폐수처리설비로 처리가 불가능하다. 본 연구는 현장 시료를 사용하여 N와 COD 제거하기 위한 최적 공정과 사용 약품에 대하여 조사하였다. 폐수 중에 다량 함유되어 있는 ammonium ion은 diffused aeration system을 이용하여 95% 이상을 제거하고 혼합과산화물(sodium persulfate/sodium percarbonate)을 사용하여 산화시키고 응집제를 사용하여 물리 화학적으로 처리 후 90% 이상의 제거효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.406-415
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• 2018

Here, as-synthesized $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles were incorporated into the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) lattice to activate sodium percarbonate (SPC) for degradation of methylene blue (MB). The reaction rate constant of $Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8/SPC$ process ($0.0632min^{-1}$) at acidic conditions (pH = 3) was more than six times that of the $Fe_3O_4/SPC$ system ($0.009min^{-1}$). Decreasing the solute concentration, along with increasing SPC concentration and $Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8$ nanocomposite (NC) dosage, favored the catalytic degradation of MB. The $Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8$ NC after fifteen consecutive treatment processes showed the excellent stability with a negligible drop in the efficiency of the system (<10%). The reaction pathway was obtained via GC-MS analysis.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

갈파래 속(Ulva spp.) 해조류는 연안에서 자주 대발생되어 생태환경과 산업활동에 여러 가지 문제를 일으키기 때문에 이를 해결할 수 있는 방안이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 화합물과 온도를 이용하여 구멍갈파래(Ulva australis, ULAUS)의 대발생 경감에 보다 효과적으로 활용될 수 있는 기술을 확립하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 화합물간의 혼합처리에 의해 각각의 단독처리보다도 ULAUS 엽상체 고사에 있어서 상승효과를 나타내는 혼합물 조합 3건($H_2O_2$+N-vanillylnonanamide; $H_2O_2$+nonanoic acid; $H_2O_2$+sodium citrate)을 탐색하였다. 아울러, peracetic acid 100 ppm, sodium percarbonate 100 ppm, hydrogen peroxide 30 ppm, sodium chlorite 200 ppm, menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) 4 ppm 처리 시 $25^{\circ}C$보다는 $40^{\circ}C$의 온수로 처리할 때, ULAUS 사멸을 현저하게 증진시킬 뿐만 아니라 보다 빠른 시간 내에 고사시키는 효과를 나타내었다. 공시된 화합물 중에서 peracetic acid, sodium percarbonate, hydrogen peroxide가 보다 좋은 효과를 보였다. 마찬가지로 $40^{\circ}C$ 온수에 sodium citrate 1,000 ppm (pH 3.0) 또는 acetic acid 200 ppm (pH 3.5)을 처리할 때에도 ULAUS 엽상체 고사에 상승적 작용을 보였는데 이들 화합물 용액 산도(pH)를 8.0으로 하였을 때에는 상가적 작용을 나타냈다. 따라서 이들 결과는 향후 환경 친화적으로 갈파래 대발생을 제어하기 위한 실용화 기술 중의 한 가지로서 발전시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.977-983
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• 2002

식용색소 및 공업용 염료의 인공적 착색여부를 조사한 결과, 심황색소, 식용희석황색소, 마리골드색소, 식용황색 4호, 안나토색소, 카로틴색소는 유사한 색으로 착색되었으며 다른 색소는 착색되지 않았다. 물에 의한 추출시험에서는 참조기 색소와 식용색소황색 제4호는 물에서 용출되지 않았다. 착색 후 색소의 물성실험을 한 결과 물 젖은 가제수건이나 휴지로 색소부위 표피를 문지를 경우 참조기 색소는 표면에 전혀 묻어 나오지 않으나 인공적으로 착색된 색소의 경우에는 물에 의해 색이 뚜렷하게 묻어 나왔으며 참조기의 착색 부위 표피를 아세톤으로 추출할 경우 참조기 색소는 아세톤에 옅은 황색용액으로 추출되었다. 또한, 참조기의 색소처럼 물에 용출되지 않도록 염착이 가능한 공업적 합성염료인 반응성 염료와 분산염료의 착색거동에 대해 실험한 결과, 반응성 염료는 조기에 착색되지만 물 젖은 휴지로 착색부위를 문지를 경우 색소가 용출되었고, 아세톤에는 추출되지 않아 참조기 색소와는 쉽게 판별되었으며 분산염료는 염료가 고르게 착색되지 않고 염료가 입자를 형성하며, 물 적신 휴지로 색소부위를 문지를 경우 색소가 용출됨을 알 수 있었다. 카로틴색소(참조기 색소와 구조가 유사한 색소)와 azo염료의 산화 환원 반응에 따른 소색 반응에서는 산화반응에서 azo염료는 sodium percarbonate와 peracetic acid에서는 소색이 되지 않았으나, fenton시약에서는 1시간 후 소색되었고, sodium hypochlorite에서는 바로 소색되었다. 이에 비하여 카로틴색소는 sodium percarbonate 및 fenton시약에서는 소색되지 않았으나, sodium hypochlorite에서는 2시간 후 소색되었고, peracetic acid에서는 바로 소색되었다. 또한, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium carbonate를 사용한 환원반응시험에서는 azo염료는 소색되었으나, 카로틴색소는 소색되지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통해 두 색소의 특징적 group을 제거할 때 나타나는 소색 결과를 토대로 진품참조기와 모조참조기의 판별에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2015

In the present work, Carbon supported Pt₁₀₀, Pt₈₀Sn₂₀, Pt₈₀Ni₂₀ and Pt₈₀Sn₁₀Ni₁₀ electrocatalysts with different atomic ratios were prepared by ethylene glycol-reduction method to study the electro-oxidation of ethanol in membraneless fuel cell. The electrocatalysts were characterized in terms of structure, morphology and composition by using XRD, TEM and EDX techniques. Transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed a decrease in the mean particle size of the catalysts for the ternary compositions. The electrocatalytic activities of Pt₁₀₀/C, Pt₈₀Sn₂₀/C, Pt₈₀Ni₂₀/C and Pt₈₀Sn₁₀Ni₁₀/C catalysts for ethanol oxidation in an acid medium were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The electrochemical results showed that addition of Ni to Pt/C and Pt-Sn/C catalysts significantly shifted the onset of ethanol and CO oxidations toward lower potentials. The single membraneless ethanol fuel cell performances of the Pt₈₀Sn₁₀Ni₁₀/C, Pt₈₀Sn₂₀/C and Pt₈₀Ni₂₀/C anode catalysts were evaluated at room temperature. Among the catalysts investigated, the power density obtained for Pt₈₀Sn₁₀Ni₁₀/C (37.77 mW/cm² ) catalyst was higher than that of Pt₈₀Sn₂₀/C (22.89 mW/cm² ) and Pt₈₀Ni₂₀/C (16.77 mW/ cm² ), using 1.0 M ethanol + 0.5 M H₂SO₄ as anode feed and 0.1 M sodium percarbonate + 0.5 M H₂SO₄ as cathode feed.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.270-281
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• 1996

This study was carried to figure out the effect of bleaching on the cationic surfactant (DSDMAC) absorption by cotton fabrics. And physico-chemical change, static electricity, and fabric stiffness of bleached cotton fabrics were measured. Cotton fabrics bleached with sodium hypochlorite soluton and with sodium percarbonate solution were used to analyze the DADMAC absorption. The results were as follows: 1. As the number of bleaching cycles were increased, the degree of oxidation on cotton fabrics was increased. So their carboxyl content was increased and their tensile strength was decreased. 2. DSDMAC absorption by cotton fabrics was increased by bleaching and was in propor- tion to carboxyl content. Therefore, it was groved that DSDMAC absorption by cotton fabrics was motivated by ion exchange mechanism. 3. The static electricity of cotton fabrics almost no change when bleached and unbleached absorption had no effect on the static electricity of cotton fabrics. 4. DSDMAC which was absorbed by cotton fabrics acted as a lubricant. DSDMAC absorption reduced the friction coefficient of yarn, so stiffness of cotton fabric was decreased.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2017

The glyoxal has been used as formaldehyde free DP(durable press) agents in wrinkle free treatment for cotton fabrics. However, the yellowing problem is a disadvantage of DP finishing process for cotton fabrics with glyoxal. In order to improve the whiteness, it was investigated that the effect of coreactant and treatment method with various whitening additives such as STB(sodium tetraborate, $Na_2B_4O_7$), SPB(sodium perborate, $NaBO_3$), SC(sodium chlorite, $NaClO_2$) and SPC(sodium percarbonate, $Na_2CO_3{\cdot}1.5$ $H_2O_2$). The increasing the concentration of whitening additives(STB, SPB, SC and SPC), the whiteness and the strength retention ratio of cotton fabrics were increased but the wrinkle recovery angles were decreased in one bath method. It was not suitable to improve whiteness because the whiteness value is about 60. In the case of SC used two bath method, the whiteness is near 70, which is similar to untreated fabrics, without decreasing of WRA and strength.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This study optimized the chemical cleaning process of discarded RO membranes for reuse in less demanding separation processes. The effect of physicochemical parameters, including the temperature, cleaning time, pH of the cleaning solution, and addition of additives, on the cleaning process was investigated. The membrane performance was evaluated by testing the flux recovery rate and salt rejection before and after the cleaning process. High temperatures (45-50 ℃) resulted in a better flux recovery rate of 71% with more than 80% salt rejection. Equal time for acid and base cleaning 3-3 h presented a 72.43% flux recovery rate with salt rejection above 85%. During acid and base cleaning, the best results were achieved at pH values of 3.0 and 12.0, respectively. Moreover, 0.05% concentration of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid presented 72.3% flux recovery, while 69.2% flux was achieved using sodium dodecyl sulfate with a concentration of 0.5%; both showed >80% salt rejection, indicating no damage to the active layer of the membrane. Conversely, 0.5% concentration of sodium percarbonate showed 83.1% flux recovery and 0.005% concentration of sodium hypochlorite presented 85.2% flux recovery, while a high concentration of these chemicals resulted in oxidation of the membrane that caused a reduction in salt rejection.