• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.734-739
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• 2017

We prepared $SnS_x$ thin films on both soda-lime glass (SLG) and molybdenum(Mo)/SLG substrates by a two-step process using a Sn precursor followed by sulfur reaction in rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at different sulfurization temperatures ($Ts=200^{\circ}C$, $230^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$, and $300^{\circ}C$) and annealing times ($t_s=10min$ and 30 min). The single SnS phase was dominant for $200^{\circ}C{\leq}T_s$<$250^{\circ}C$, while an additional phase of $SnS_2$ was appeared at $T_s{\geq}250^{\circ}C$ alongside SnS. The SnS grains in all the samples showed strong growth along the preferred [040] direction. The band-gap energy ($E_g$) of the films was estimated to be 1.24 eV.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.237-242
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• 1998

A transparent and colorless $80SiO_2-20TiO_2$(mol%) thin films on soda-lime-silica slide glass and sapphire substrate were obtained by spin-coating technique using tetraethyl orthosilicate and titanium trichloride as starting materials. The prepared film annealed at $750^{\circ}C$ showed a high transmittance and a low reflectance. For the $SiO_2-TiO_2$ films on slide glasses, a strong interaction between the sodium ion and oxygens is properbly the origin of the good stability to the high temperature and the high humidity.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

Metal-doped $TiO_2$ thin films were prepared on soda-lime-silica glass substrates by using a spin coating-pyrolysis process. As-deposited films were prefired at $500^{\circ}C$ or 10 min in air. Five-coated films were finally annealed at $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min in air. High resolution X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope and UV spectrophotometer were used to analyze film's property. The largest red shift in optical energy gap is obtained in the Fe-doped $TiO_2$ film.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the recognition of body image and food behavior factors according to the BMI. The subjects of this study were 242 7th grade students resided in San Francisco area. The degree of recognition for self-estimated physique of subjects by gender and by race showed no significant differences by gender but significant differences by race, showing that 20.0% was considered as underweight in Asian and 7.5% was considered as underweight in White students. This showed the same tendency as actual physique status (BMI). Also, the ratio of being recognized as more than overweight was 17.3% in Asian, 23.3% in Hispanic, and 13.4% in White students. In case of female students, the ratio of dieting experience was 63.3%, and 49.3% of White students and 63.3% of Hispanic students experienced dieting. In case of students answered not healthy, their body weight were significantly higher than those answered as healthy, and the BMI was also over 19, showing significant differences. Thus cases that answered as not healthy had greater body weight and BMI. Also it showed that frequent dieting experience is related to higher height and weight. The analysis of food behavior factors perceived by body shape showed that the group perceived itself as overweight consumed more 'fast food' but had low scores in 'vegetables' intake, with frequent intake of 'soda' and tendency to 'overeat'. Also, the tendency for 'balanced life' was significantly lower and for skipping breakfast was significantly higher, suggesting problematic food behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.857-860
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• 2002

The material that is both conductive in electricity and transparent to the visible-ray is called transparent conducting thin film. It has many field of application such as solar cell, liquid crystal display, transparent electrical heater, selective optical filter, and a optical electric device. In this study, indium tin oxide (ITO ; Sn-doped $In_2O_3$) thin films were deposited on $SiO_2$/soda-lime glass plates by a dc magnetron sputtering technique. The crystallinity and electrical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanning and 4-point probe. The optical transmittance of ITO films in the range of 300-1000nm were measured with a spectrophotometer. As a result, we obtained polycrystalline structured ITO films with (222), (400), and (440) peak. Transmittance of all the films were higher than 90% in the visible range.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1991

Since the discovery of the Loeb-Sourirajan reverse osmosis membrane, thirty years have passed and many membrane technologies and new membranes for applications have been developed in the world. In the early stage of these developments Japan has not contributed much, but from the middle of 70ties Japan has started its own R&D projects starting from the desalination technology, and now various private industries and government ministries are actively engaging in R & D of membrane technologies in Japan. In Table 1 the chronological developments of important events of developments and projects relating membrane technologies inside and outside of Japan are introduced and their details will be explained. The first membrane technology applied in the Japanese industry was a electrodialysis(ED) process using ion-exchange membranes. These membranes were first developed in early 50ties and the Japanese government decided to use this method for concentration of sea-water to produce salt, which was then produced by solar evaporation. This development program started from 1960 by the Japan Monopoly Corp.(at that time). To apply ED process for sea-water concentration it was necessary to develop ion-exchange membranes having very low electric resistance to avoid energy loss due to Joule heat, and those having selectivity to permeate single valent ions only to avoid scale formation in the ED stacks. Three Japanese companies, Asahi Glass, Asahi Chemical and Tokuyama Soda, have succeeded to develop such membranes, and until 1971 all of the seven salt manufacturing companies had adopted ED for production of food salt.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.499-507
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• 2002

The carbon nanotube emitters for field emission displays were fabricated by using screen printing techniques. The pastes for screen printing are composed of organic binders, carbon nanotubes (multiwalled or singlewalled), and some additive materials. The pastes were printed on Cr-coated/Ag-printed soda-lime glass substrates. From the I-V characteristics, the turn-on field of SWNT was lower than that of MWNT. The decrease in the mesh size of screen masks (i.e. increase in the opening size of the screen mesh) resulted in decreasing the turn-on field and increasing the electron emission current. When the carbon nanotubes were mixed with silver pastes, silver powders appeared to contribute to the vertically aligning of carbon nanotubes on a glass.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of soda, fast food, and ramen consumption on dietary habit and health behavior of adolescents and to investigate pathway of which junk food influencing health status. Methods: The findings of this study were based on the data obtained from the 2015 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The analysis was accomplished using structural equation model which was designed based on the ideas that junk food consumption affects health status not only directly but also indirectly through eating habit and health behavior. Results: The structural models of both sexes revealed that the more they consumed junk food, the more negative effects it had on eating habit and health behavior. In addition, junk food consumption had an negative influence on health status directly and indirectly through eating habit and health behavior. Conclusions: The study results imply that school health education regarding proper eating habit should be implemented and that related policies should be established since complex individual, social, and environmental factors contribute to adolescents' eating habit.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Atmospheric photochemistry of $O_3-NOx-RH$ were considered theoretically, to clarify the reasons for the different trends of between the formation of photochemical oxidants (Ox) and its primary pollutants for the Low-and High-NOx regimes. Equations of OH, $HO_2$, and production of ozone ($O_3$) as a function of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and reactive hydrocarbons (RH) were represented in this study. For the Low-NOx regime, $HO_2$ radical is proportional to RH but independent of NOx. OH radical is proportional to NOx but inversely-proportional to RH. $O_3$ production is proportional to NOx but has a weak dependence on RH. For the High-NOx regime, OH and $HO_2$ radicals concentrations and $O_3$ production are proportional to RH but inversely-proportional to NOx. In addition, the Osaka Bay and surrounding areas of Japan were evaluated with the mass balance of odd-hydrogen radicals (Odd-H) using CBM-IV photochemical mechanism, in order to distinguish the Low- and High-NOx regimes. The Harima area (emission ratio, RH/NOx = 6.1) was classified to the Low-NOx regime. The Hanshin area (RH/NOx = 3.5) and Osaka area (RH/NOx = 4.3) were classified to the High-NOx regime.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.383-386
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• 2002

Polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se$_2$(CIGS) thin-films were grown by co-evaporation on a soda lime glass substrate. In this paper the effects of the Se evaporation temperature on the properties of CuIn0.75Ga0.25Se2 (CIGS) thin films. Structure, surface morphology and optical properties of CIGS thin films deposited at various Se evaporation temperatures have been investigated using a number of analysis techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that CIGS films exhibit a strong <112> preferred orientation. As expected, at higher Se evaporation temperatures the films displayed a lower degree of crystallinity. The <112> peak was also enhanced and other CIGS peaks appeared simultaneously. These results were supported by experimental work using scanning electron microscopy When the Se evaporation temperature was increased, the average grain size also decreased together with a reduction Cu content. The Se evaporation temperature also had a significant inf1uence on the transmission spectra. Increasing the Se evaporation temperature, the cell efficiency was improved dramatically to 11.75% with Voc = 556 mV, Jsc = 32.17 mA/cm2 and FF = 0.66. The Se evaporation temperature is an important parameter in thin film deposition regardless of the deposition technique being used to deposit thin films