• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.586-596
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• 2019

Ageism, attitudes toward aging, and body satisfaction play significant roles in determining older women's perceptions of successful aging. In addition, subjective socioeconomic and health status can act as major identifiers in determining the overall level of physical and social well-being in old age. Research for this exploratory study includes: 1) exploring the overall levels of ageism perception, attitudes toward aging, and body satisfaction among older women and 2) identifying the differences in ageism, attitudes toward aging, and body satisfaction between high and low subjective socioeconomic and health status of older women. Data for this study were collected through an online questionnaire of 221 older women. The results revealed that older women's perceptions of ageism, aging attitudes, and body satisfaction were significantly different based on subjective socioeconomic and health status. In general, older women with higher levels of subjective socioeconomic and health status reported more positive perceptions and attitudes toward aging along with higher levels of body satisfaction. The results implied that subjective health status was a more powerful indicator differentiating the aging-related perceptions of older women than the subjective socioeconomic status. This study supports the need for a conscious effort to reduce ageism that ultimately improves the overall well-being of all members in society.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine change in adolescent depression across time and to determine the relation between individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and depression. Methods: This study employed multilevel latent growth analysis using longitudinal data from Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey. A sample of this study consists of 2,351 adolescents who were in first grade of middle school in 2010. Results: Results showed that both initial level and downward trajectory of depression varied significantly across individuals as well as across neighborhoods. On the individual level, self-rated economic condition(b=-0.203, p<.001) was related to the initial level of depression. Adolescents whose father had a high educational level(b=0.028, p<.001) or whose mother had a low educational level(b=-0.022, p=.011) had lower rates of decline in adolescent depression. On the neighborhood level, neighborhood deprivation index (b=0.003, p=.019) and gini coefficient(b=0.124, p=.040) were associated with lower rates of decline in depression. Conclusions: Low SES in adolescence is correlated with worse mental health, especially depression. Social disparities in depression likely originate before adulthood. The findings argue for the importance of understanding depression in adolescence from a multilevel or ecological framework.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.164-173
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• 2012

Objectives: Over the past several years, the incidence of hepatitis A infection has been increasing rapidly in the young-adult population in Korea. We examined the effects of area-level socioeconomic status and environmental hygiene on the incidence of hepatitis A. Methods: This study is based on the registered national population of Korea and the national health insurance data from 2004 to 2008. A total of 73 459 individuals were confirmed to have had hepatitis A. The standardized incidences of hepatitis A in 232 districts adjusted for sex and age of people were calculated for each year, and the rate ratios of the incidence rates were estimated according to area-level socioeconomic status and environmental hygiene using multiple Poisson regression models. Results: The incidence rates of hepatitis A infection were 15.6 (per 100 000) in 2004, 19.0 (per 100 000) in 2005, 27.2 (per 100 000) in 2006, 25.1 (per 100 000) in 2007, and 61.7 (per 100 000) in 2008. The analysis of the area-level effects showed that residential areas of the less deprived than other regions, areas with higher levels of education, and heavily populated areas were significantly associated with increased risk. Conclusions: There is a very strong possibility that both area-level socioeconomic status and environmental hygiene play a role in increasing the risk of hepatitis A infection in Korea. Therefore, to reduce hepatitis A infection, we need a nationwide strategy that considers these area-level characteristics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.416-427
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• 2011

This study investigated the association among parental socioeconomic level, overweight, and eating habits with diet quality in Korean sixth grade school children. A 3-day dietary survey was conducted, and a questionnaire and anthropometric data were collected from the Korean child obesity cohort (320 boys and 345 girls). The children were classified into two groups (low or high level) based on monthly household income and paternal and maternal education status. Lower maternal education status was associated with a higher risk for overweight in girls (odd ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.07-3.44), whereas belonging to a higher socioeconomic group in terms of parental income or parental education level resulted in the consumption of significantly more fruit. Boys did not show significant differences in the intake of most nutrients or diet quality regardless of socioeconomic status. However, girls in the lower socioeconomic group had a lower food habit score (higher frequency of breakfast skipping and ramen noodle consumption), diet quality, and intake of nutrients (carbohydrate, vitamin C, potassium, and fiber) than those in the higher socioeconomic group. Therefore future nutrition policies and interventions should support parents and children with lower socioeconomic status to develop health-related behaviors that may prevent childhood overweight.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.157-168
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the intellectual characteristics of 1,700 Korean children aged 2 years, 6 months to 7 years, 7 months across two age ranges (2 years, 6 months to 3 years, 11 months; 4 years to 7 years, 7 months). Methods: Data from the standardization study of the K-WPPSI-IV were analyzed using Korean and American norms and in terms of socioeconomic variables such as region, maternal education level, and child gender. Results: Korean children performed differently from their American counterparts in most subtests and indexes. Verbal subtest performances for Korean children were significantly lower and performance subtest performances for Korean children were significantly higher. There were significant regional differences, with higher performances among children from Seoul than from other areas. Children whose mothers had higher education levels showed higher performances than their counterparts. This trend was more apparent in the older age range. Gender differences were found in most subtests, with girls showing higher scores than boys. Conclusion: This study revealed cross-cultural differences in intellectual characteristics measured with the newly standardized K-WPPSI-IV. In addition, significant effects of socioeconomic variables such as region, maternal education level, and gender were found.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.216-239
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• 1999

Korean government has planned a large scale multidepartment-participated national R&D program to advance and improve her science and technology and the quality of life In the level of advanced(especially G-7) countries in the forthcoming 21st century. It is called as "Highly Advanced National projects" or "G7 projects", which was initiated in 1991 with 18 sub-programs to date. It has planned to be continued until 2001 with its total fund of 4, 591 billion Won, comprised of 2, 033 billion Won from the public sector and 2, 558 billion Won from the private sector. Evaluation activities, the country has carried out to date, for national R&D programs including HAN projects are focused mainly on the assessment of scientific and technological results to decide that a specific program should be continued, terminated, or modified. Thus, it is necessary for national R&D programs to be evaluated socioeconomically for the purpose of assessing the nationwide economic and social impact from the program. Socioeconomic evaluation would be told how and where the program contributed to the society, and what the socioeconomic impacts are resulted from the program. It would be useful for the means of (ⅰ) fulfillment of public accountability to legitimate the program and to reveal the expenditure of pubic fund, and (ⅱ) managemental and strategical learning to give information necessary to improve the making. program and policy decision making, The objectives of the study are to develop the methodology of modeling the socioeconomic evaluation, and build up the practical socioeconomic evaluation model of the HAN projects including scientific and technological effects. Since the HAN projects consists of 18 subprograms, it is difficult In evaluate all the subprograms simultaneously. Despite, each program is being performed under the category of HAN projects, so the common socioeconomic issues are existing, The followings are main results of the study. First, the hierarchical structure of the socioeconomic evaluation are constructed; Evaluation Perspective, Evaluation Bounds, and Evaluation Aspect. Second, based on the goals of the HAN projects, the evaluation perspectives are established as (ⅰ) the strengthening of industrial competitiveness, (ⅱ) the enhancement of national scientific and technological capability, (ⅲ) the improvement of quality of life. Third, the evaluation bounds for each evaluation objective are defined to specify the affected area. Finally, the evaluation aspects for each evaluation bounds are formulated containing essential elements describing the evaluation bounds.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1109-1119
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and prevalence of periodontal disease in a representative sample of Korean adults older than age 20. Methods: Data of 3,837 adults were collected by the six Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted in 2015. Socioeconomic, demographic, and oral health-related behavior data were collected as independent variables. We determined frequencies, percentage, and determining statistical significance using multiple regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of periodontal diseases showed statistically significant difference in accordance with sex, age, socioeconomic and demographical characteristics and oral health-related behavior. It was confirmed that the prevalence of periodontal diseases was increased in the lower educational level and income (OR, 1.478 and 1.520) after adjusting for conditions such as age, sex, recent dental check-ups, visiting dental clinic, tooth brushing frequency, use of self-care devices. Conclusions: The prevalence of periodontal disease was related with socioeconomic factors in Korean adults. Therefore, differentiated oral health service policies and dental health education among adults with lower education and income is required in order to reduce the prevalence of periodontal disease.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.5-30
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop and empirically evaluate a theoretical model that delineated the processes whereby parents' socioeconomic status affected students'academic achievement via parental support and students' ego-resilience. The proposed model was tested with the first and second wave of a cohort sample of the first grade middle school students from the Korean Children Youth Panel survey by using linear structural relations techniques. The results of analysis showed firstly that parents' socioeconomic status, parental support and students' ego-resilience directly affected the level of students'academic achievement with statistical significance. Secondly, parental support, the proxy of social capital of the family, was contingent upon the parents'socioeconomic status. Thirdly, in addition to its direct effect, parents'socioeconomic status gave indirect effect on students' academic performance through parental support and ego-resilience. Based upon these results implications for social work intervention were provided.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2006

There were numerous evidences that subjective health evaluation was a powerful indicator for morbidity and mortality in many countries. Since self-rated health (SRH) was a reasonable health measure, identifying predictors for SRH would be beneficial for assessment of overall health, monitoring health status, and development of health promotion programs. Health risks, health behavior, socioeconomic characteristics and social capital were potential indicators for SRH. We examined association. between SRH and indicators such as health risk factors, subjective living condition, income, education level and dietary variety score. Total 4,262 subjects, aged between 20 and 69 years old, were selected from KNHANES 2001; those who completed health examination, nutrition survey, and provided their socioeconomic information. Results of logistic regression showed that it was likely to have better SRH for those who were younger, male and have higher education, higher income, better living condition, no metabolic syndrome and higher dietary variety.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2003

This study was done to investigate the relationship of socioeconomic status and food intake to cognitive status of the older population. The subjects of this study consisted of 214 older persons aged 60 - 84 years. Interviews were conducted using the health-related habits and food frequency questionnaires to provide basic information for nutrition education program. We evaluated the current food consumption-pattern and cognitive status of the subjects. The results of this study were as follows： Mean age of the subjects was 69.7${\pm}$7.4 years. The average cognitive function score of the subjects was 7.9${\pm}$2.0 (full score was 10.0). Male had a higher cognitive status score than female. There was significant difference between cognitive status score and age, education level, pocket money, physical activity and family type. The subjects who had a higher cognitive status score ate more fish and meats group and milk and milk products than the subjects that had a lower cognitive status score. These results have demonstrated that various socioeconomic variables and food intake pattern affect on cognitive status with aging and suggest that proper nutrition education and adequate nutrient intake in quality and quantity are essential in maintaining cognitive status in later life.