• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-323
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• 1990

This Study was done to design and test an instrument to measure the health status of the elderly including physical, psychologyical and social dimensions. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17, 1990. Subjects were 412 older persons in Korea. A convenience sample was used but the place of residence was stratified into large, medium and small city and rural areas. Participants located in Sudaemun-Gu, Mapo-Gu, and Kangnam-Gu, Seoul were interviewed by brained nursing students, and those in Chungju, Jonju, Chuncheon, and Jinju by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by community health practioners working in Kungsang-Buk-Do, Kyngsang- Nam - Bo, Jonla Buk -Do, and Kyung Ki- Do. The tool developed for this study was a structured questionnaire based on previous literature and then tested for reliability and validity. This tool contained 20 physical health status items, 17 mental-emotional health status items and 38 social health status items. Physical health status items clustered in to six factors such as personal hygiene, activity, home management, digestive, sexual, sensory, and climination functions. Mental-emotional health status items clustered into two factors, mental health and emotional health. Social health status items clustered into seven factors, grandparent, parent, spouse, friend, kinships, group member and religious role functions. Data analysis included percentage, average, S.D., t-test and ANOVA. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. The tool measuring the health status of the elderly and developed for this research had a relatively high reliavility indicated by a cronbach＝0.97793. 2. Average score of the subjects physical health status was 4, 054 in a 5 point likert scale, mentalemotional health status was 3.803, social health status was 2.939 and the total average was 3.521. The social status of the subjects was the lowest and the next was mental-emotional health status ; physical health status was the highest. 3. Educational background, perceived health status, the amount of pocket money were related to physical and mental-emotional health status and family structure was related mental-emotional physical and social health status. Occupation was related to physical and mental-emotional status. Area of residence was related to metal-emotional and social status. Source of living in the expeneses was related to physical and mental-emotional health status marital status to mental-emotional and social health status, and the number living in the home physical health status and religion to social health status. The following conciusions were derived from the above results ; 1. The health status of Korean elderly was relatively sound but social health status was the most vulnerable. The Social activity for Korean elderly is needed to improve social health. 2. Educational background, perceived health status and the amount of pocket money must be considered in the health assessment criteria of the elderly, Family structure, marial status, occupation, residence variables and sources of living expense must also be considered as significant. 3. A health education program based on the educational background of the elderly, and provision of an occupational socioeconomic welfare policy will be useful in order to increase social health status of Korean elderly.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2010

The study of the elderly and poor oral status interpersonal relationships and smooth social life limited to give is the social alienation and isolation, promoting to having problems with a sense of the elderly subjective oral health status and social efficacy affects whether analyzed. 1. Subjective oral health status authoring feel healthy food disorders, toothache, periodontal problems, tmj pain, dry mouth, bad breath symptoms such as 'sometimes' 'often' than a 'no' if you appear to be a highly subjective and social efficacy Efficacy of oral health status and social influence were more (p<0.01). 2. Subjective oral health status of the seven kinds of sub-variable that oral health status, food authoring disorders, toothache, gum disease, jaw joint or more, dry mouth, bad breath instantly and look at the relationship between social efficacy oral health status, ability of mastication, pain in oral, gum disease, tmj pain, dry mouth, presence of halitosis than positive (+) was correlated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1117-1128
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• 1995

This study investigated whether social and psychological factors were related to nutritional status of the elderly. Food habits, social contacts and psychological the test score were collected from 86 institutionalized elderly women aged 65-96 in Chon-buk area. Social health status was measured by score of social contacts with others. Depression, self-esteem and locus of control were measured to evaluate psychological health status by using Zung DSI(Depression Status Intentory), Rosenberg SES(Self-esteem scale) and Rotter's vs external control, respectively. Social contacts of the total subjects were lowered, and in the group of over 85, contacts with relatives were significantly decreased compare to under 85 years of age groups. Psychological health status such as depression and self-esteem were also lowered, but locus of control showed internal control that indicates positive attitude to eating behavior. Most of the nutrients intake were positively correlated to self-esteem scores(p<0.05), but not to nutritional risk index score. Intake of vitamin C was related to social health status as well as psychological health status. Increasing the number of contact with relatives, intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, vit B1, vit C, Ca and P were elevated(p<0.05). As the score of self-esteem increased, intakes of fiber, Fe, vit B1, niacin, vit C, and vit A were increased. It is suggested that social activity and health education programs will be needed to improve the nutritional status of the institutionalized elderly.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.43-60
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• 2018

The primary goal of this study is to investigate the effects of individual's subjective social status on meaning of work. We hypothesized that individual's subjective social status, defined as the respect and influence an individual has at her/his workplace, would promote meaning of work. Further, we hypothesized that individual's subjective social status would be more highly associated with meaning of work based on her/his occupation's subjective social status. Using two experimental studies, we found that individual's subjective social status increased meaning of work in American (Experiment 1) and South Korean working adults (Experiment 2). Participant's meaning of work was more influenced by individual subjective social status than occupation subjective social status (Experiment 1). Also, the results from Experiment 2 indicated that objective social status within an organization (i.e., rank) moderated the effects of individual subjective social status on meaning of work, such that the beneficial effects of individual subjective social status on meaning of work were found only for participants with low objective social status. In contrast, meaning of work in participants with high objective social status did not vary depending on subjective social status. We discussed the implications of these results, study limitations, and directions for future research.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of social networks to health status among the urban low income elderly. Method: Using a sample of 598 elderly aged 65 years and higher, social networks, health status were measured by the Social Networks Scale (LSNS), Perceived Health Status, GDSSF-K, K-ADL respectively. The t-test, ANOVA and Tukey-test and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 18.0. Results: 41% of subjects didn't contact with relatives at least once a month. 56% of subjects saw or heard less than monthly from relative with whom they have the most contact. 47% didn't have relatives who one can rely on private matters. Social networks among the low income elderly significantly differed by marital status, health insurance type, economic status, regular exercise, living with family. Social networks were significantly correlated with perceived health status (r=.201), cognitive function (r=-.154) and depressive symptoms (r=-.301). Conclusion: Poor social networks were found in urban low income elderly. Poorer social networks were related to worse health status and more depressive symptoms. Interventions targeting at increasing social networks are urgently needed for low income elderly.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.130-140
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• 2006

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the conditions of the leisure type, health status, self-esteem, and social support of the elderly living alone. Method: The subjects were 189 elderly. The instrument was a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The frequency of the leisure types of the elderly living alone was in the order of culture, rest, social activity and sports. The following factors showed a statistically significant relation: gender, education, religion and marital status with leisure type; age, economic status, job and leisure type with perceived health status; education, economic status and religion with self-esteem; and economic status, marital status and religion with social support. There was a negative correlation between ADL and both perceived health status, and self-esteem, but positive correlations between self-esteem and perceived health status, and between social support and both perceived health status and self-esteem. Conclusion: To maintain the quality of life of the elderly living alone, this study suggests that providing various leisure activities could raise self-esteem, and thereby complement for any deficiencies in family and social support.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.497-521
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• 2012

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of social capital, health risk behavior and health status on medical care utilization by the elderly. The data and Research method Data were obtained from the 4th wave survey of the Korea Welfare Panel Study. 4,087 household members aged 65 years and over were subject to analysis. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study. we performed a structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis to evaluate the effect of social capital and mediating effect of health risk behavior and health status. Results Results showed that factors related to medical care utilization of the elderly were different depending on types of service (inpatient and outpatient service) except health status. Age, higher social capital, more health-risk behavior and poorer health status were associated with increased use of inpatient service. Social capital was found to have a positive direct effect on it. Also, social capital had an indirect effect on reducing use of inpatient services by improving health status. On the other hand, lower age and higher household income tended to increase use of outpatient service, while higher social capital and higher health status were inversely related. Social capital had a direct effect and an indirect effect on reducing use of outpatient service and, at that time, health status played a mediating role. Conclusions Social capital may contribute to improve health status and indirectly reduce medical care utilization of the elderly by enhancing their health status. These results provide evidence that more policy and strategy considerations should be needed for the elderly to strengthen their social capital in order to enhance their levels of health and more efficient utilization of medical care.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.133-144
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of human capital and social capital, including employment status, education, income, social supports, and social participations, on the health status of the elderly aged over 50, after controlling for various demographic variables. Data were from the 6th wave of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(n=3,459). The major findings of this study were as follows: First, human capital and social capital were both resources that can contribute to improving the health status of the elderly aged over 50. Second, the effects of human capital and social capital on the health status of the elderly differed in the three subsamples defined by employment status. Based on the empirical results, policy implications were provided.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.419-432
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• 2002

This research analyzes how our people use the social position and status symbolism of the dress in focus of the Chosun Dynasty Period by analysis data of traditional folktale. This research material was analyzed social position and status symbolism of the dress with basis on Korean Oral Literature grand volumes of 82 published by The Academy of Korean Studies and whole volumes of 7 of Korean Literature Traditional , Folktale written by Kimhyunrwong. The methods of study is that first, selected part of describing social position and status of dress from the traditional Korean folktale. Second, summmarized things classified such as clothes, shape of hair and belt. Third, analyzed social position and status of dress with basis on symbol theory to be pre-studied. As a result, 1 can get the next conclusion. First, in case of the dress symbolism of social position and status, we classify as class. occupation, surreal person. Second, the changes of the social position and status showed upward position or downward position, and occupation change. Third, symbolization of position disguise was classified disguise of social position, sex, occupation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 2000

This study was designed to test the differences in children's social information-processing patterns and bahavioral characteristics among four different groups of peer status, and to evaluate the predictability of peer status from social information-processing and social behavior. In addition, age and sex differences were assessed. The subjects were 80 boys and 80 girls identified as popular, average, neglected, and rejected by their peers in the first and the third grade. They responded to a sociometric test and three hypothetical social dilemmas, while behavioral characteristics were rated by their teachers. The data were analyzed by ANOVAs, and discriminant analyses. The results showed that children's social information-processing patterns were not significantly different by peer status except the number of interventions requested. Whereas children's behavioral characteristics were different by peer status in all of the four domains. Children's social information-processing patterns and behavioral characteristics were different in part by age and sex. The important predictors of peer status were hyperactive-distractive, anxious-withdrawn, sociable-prosocial behaviors, and the number of interventions requested.