• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.435-457
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• 2015

The most widely known form of multifunctional aircraft structure is smart structures for structural health monitoring (SHM). The aim is to provide automated systems whose purposes are to identify and to characterize possible damage within structures by using a network of actuators and sensors. Unfortunately, environmental and operational variability render many of the proposed damage detection methods difficult to successfully be applied. In this paper, an original robust damage detection approach using output-only vibration data is proposed. It is based on independent component analysis and matrix perturbation analysis, where an analytical threshold is proposed to get rid of statistical assumptions usually performed in damage detection approach. The effectiveness of the proposed SHM method is demonstrated numerically using finite element simulations and experimentally through a conformal load-bearing antenna structure and composite plates instrumented with piezoelectric ceramic materials.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2017

In this study, free vibration of functionally graded (FG) micro/nanobeams based on nonlocal third-order shear deformation theory and under different boundary conditions is investigated by applying the differential quadrature method. Third-order shear deformation theory can consider the both small-scale effects and quadratic variation of shear strain and hence shear stress along the FG nanobeam thickness. The governing equations are obtained by using the Hamilton's principle, based on third-order shear deformation beam theory. The differential quadrature (DQ) method is used to discretize the model and attain the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The properties of FG micro/nanobeam are assumed to be chanfged along the thickness direction based on the simple power law distribution. The effects of various parameters such as the nonlocal parameter, gradient index, boundary conditions and mode number on the vibration characteristics of FG micro/nanobeams are discussed in detail.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2016

본 연구는 노인 학습자를 대상으로 스마트 기기를 활용하여 수학학습 활동을 할 수 있는 수학 앱 구현의 일환으로 진행되었다. 실버 세대와 같이 아직은 스마트 기기에 익숙하지 않은 사람들에게는 학습을 위한 적합한 행동유발의 기능이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 스마트 기기를 활용한 수학학습의 자료에서 교육의 목적을 달성하면서도 사용자의 편의성을 증진시키기 위하여 노인 학습자의 특성을 고려한 어포던스 설계를 구축하고자 하였다. 이러한 설계 가이드라인 제시를 위하여 시니어 스마트 교육 시스템의 어포던스를 증진시킬 수 있는 인지적, 물리적, 감각적, 어포던스의 특징 및 요소를 제시하였다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-114
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• 2016

In this paper, recent research trends and activities on structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure in Korea are reviewed. Recently, there has been increasing need for adopting smart sensing technologies to SHM, so this review focuses on smart sensing, monitoring, and assessment for civil infrastructure. Firstly, the research activities on smart sensor technology is reviewed including optical fiber sensors, piezoelectric sensors, wireless smart sensors, and vision-based sensing system. Then, a brief overview is given to the recent advances in smart monitoring and assessment techniques such as vibration-based global monitoring techniques, local monitoring with piezoelectric materials, decentralized monitoring techniques for wireless sensors, wireless power supply and energy harvest. Finally, recent joint SHM activities on several test beds in Korea are discussed to share the up-to-date information and to promote the smart sensors and monitoring technologies for applications to civil infrastructure. It includes a Korea-US joint research on test bridges of the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC), a Korea-US-Japan joint research on Jindo cable-stayed bridge, and a comparative study for cable tension measurement techniques on Hwamyung cable-stayed bridge, and a campaign test for displacement measurement techniques on Sorok suspension bridge.

• Composites Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 위상배열로 응용할 수 있는 스마트 스킨 안테나에 대한 기본 설계와 제작에 대해 소개하였다. 스마트 스킨 위상배열 안테나는 기계적 회전 없이 전기적으로 안테나 방사패턴을 조향 제어할 수 있는 안테나로서, 강도 및 중량 등의 기계적 특성이 우수한 허니콤 샌드위치 구조를 이용하여 전기적, 기계적 특성을 모두 만족하도록 설계되어야 한다. 본 논문에서 제시한 스마트 스킨 안테나는 공진 주파수 5 GHz 원형편파의 $2{\times}2$ 부배열이며, 동축 케이블에 의한 프루브 급전방식으로 설계하였다. 그리고, 전자기 수치해석을 통하여 레이돔이 있는 경우와 없는 경우에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 이와 같이 설계된 안테나를 제작하여 안테나 성능시험을 하였으며, 그 결과 이득은 12.2 dBi, 주파수 대역폭은 6.4 %의 양호한 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2018

Roll forming refers to the production of long plate-molded products, such as panels, pipes, tubes, channels, and frames, by continuously causing the bending deformation to thin plates using rotating rolls. As the roll forming method has advantages in terms of mass production because of its excellent productivity, the size of the roll forming industry has been continuously increasing and the roll forming method is increasingly being used in diverse industrial fields as a very important processing method. Furthermore, as the roll forming method mainly depends on the continuous bending deformation of the plate materials, the time and the cost of the heterogeneous materials developed in the process are relatively large when considered from the viewpoint of plastic working because many processes are continuously implemented. The existing studies on roll forming manufacturing have reported the loss of large amounts of time and materials when the raw materials or product types were changed; further, they have stated that the use of this method can hardly guarantee the uniformity of the formed shapes and the consistency in terms of size and cannot detect all the defects occurring during the mass production and related to the dimensions. Therefore, in this research, a real-time process data-based smart roll forming method that can be applied to multiple products was studied. As a result, a roll forming system was implemented that remembers and automatically sets the changes in the finely adjusted values of the supplied quantities of individual heterogeneous materials so that the equipment setting changing time for heterogeneous material replacements or changes in the products being produced can be shortened. It also secures the uniformity of the products so that more competitive and precise slide-rail products can be mass-produced with improvements in the quality, price, and productivity of the products.

• Electronic Materials Letters
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.718-724
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• 2018

With the development of photovoltaic industry, the cost of photovoltaic power generation has become the significant issue. And the metallization process has decided the cost of original materials and photovoltaic efficiency of the solar cells. Nowadays, double printing process has been introduced instead of one-step printing process for front contact of polycrystalline silicon solar cells, which can effectively improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. Here, the relative cheap Cu paste has replaced the expensive Ag paste to form Ag/Cu composite front contact of silicon solar cells. The photovoltaic performance and the cost of photovoltaic power generation have been investigated. With the optimization on structure and height of Cu finger layer for Ag/Cu composite double-printed front contact, the silicon solar cells have exhibited a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 18.41%, which has reduced 3.42 cent per Watt for the cost of photovoltaic power generation.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2012

SnBi 저온솔더의 플립칩 공정을 이용한 스마트 의류용 칩 접속공정에 대해 연구하였다. 캐리어 필름에 형성한 Cu 리드프레임을 $130^{\circ}C$에서 직물에 열압착 시킴으로써 Cu 리드프레임이 전사된 직물 기판을 형성하였다. 칩 시편에 SnBi 페이스트를 도포하여 솔더범프를 형성한 후 직물 기판의 Cu 리드프레임에 배열하고 $180^{\circ}C$에서 60초 동안 유지시켜 플립칩 본딩하였다. SnBi 저온솔더를 사용하여 형성된 스마트 의류용 플립칩 접속부의 평균 접속저항은 $9m{\Omega}$이었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2012

Hyaluronic acid(HA) hydrogels were synthesized by immersing HA microbeads in phosphate buffered saline solutions having different pH levels to assess the effect of pH on the swelling ratio of HA hydrogels for smart drug delivery systems. No beads were formed when the HA solution(below pH 9) was crosslinked with divinyl sulfone(DVS) because DVS is a basic solution. The variation regarding the size of the microbead was not significant, suggesting that the bead size is not a function of pH(10 ~ 14). However, the pore size of the microbeads decreased with increasing pH from 10 to 14, leading to the surface smoothness and dense network as a result of higher crosslinking. The swelling ratio of hydrogels increased when the pH rose from 2(acidic) to 6(neutral). Afterwards, it decreased with further increasing pH(basic). The lower swelling ratio may be due to the lack of ionization of the carboxyl groups. On the other hand, a higher swelling ratio is likely due to the increased electrostatic repulsions between negatively charged carboxyl groups on different chains. Experimental results suggested that pH-responsive HA hydrogels can be applicable to the controlled drug delivery systems.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.392-396
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• 2021

Expensive PCBN or ceramic cutting tools are used for processing of difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti and Ni alloy materials. These tools have the problem of breaking easily due to their high hardness but low fracture toughness. To solve these problems, cutting tools that form various coating layers are used in low-cost WC-Co hard material tools, and research on various tool materials is being conducted. In this study, binderless-WC, WC-6 wt%Co, WC-6 wt%Co-1 wt% Mo₂C, and WC-6 wt%Co-2.5 wt% Mo₂C hard materials are densified using horizontal ball milled WC-Co, WC-Co-Mo₂C powders, and spark plasma sintering process (SPS process). Each SPSed Binderless-WC, WC-6 wt%Co-1 wt% Mo₂C, and WC-6 wt%Co-2.5 wt% Mo₂C hard materials are almost completely dense, with relative density of up to 99.5 % after the simultaneous application of pressure of 60 MPa and almost no significant change in grain size. The average grain sizes of WC for Binderless-WC, WC-6 wt%Co-1 wt% Mo₂C, and WC-6 wt%Co-2.5 wt% Mo₂C hard materials are about 0.37, 0.6, 0.54, and 0.43 ㎛, respectively. Mechanical properties, microstructure, and phase analysis of SPSed Binderless-WC, WC-6 wt%Co-1 wt% Mo₂C, and WC-6 wt%Co-2.5 wt% Mo₂C hard materials are investigated.