• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2019

Where is a better place to live? In the coming era, this should be more than simply a livable place. It should be an adaptable place that has a flexible system adaptable to any new situation in terms of diversity. Customization and real-time operation are needed in order to realize this technologically. We expect a smart city to have a flexible system that applies technologies of self-monitoring and self-response, thereby being a promising city model towards being a better place to live. Energy demand and supply is a crucial issue concerning our expectations for the flexible system of a smart city because it is indispensable to comfortable living, especially city living. Although it may seem that energy diversification, such as the energy mix of a country, is a matter of overriding concern, the central point is the scale of place to build grids for realizing sustainable urban energy systems. A traditional hard energy path supported by huge centralized energy systems based on fossil and nuclear fuels on a national scale has already faced difficult problems, particularly in terms of energy flexibility/resilience. On the other hand, an alternative soft energy path consisting of small diversified energy systems based on renewable energy sources on a local scale has limitations regarding stability, variability, and supply potential despite the relatively light economic/technological burden that must be assumed to realize it. As another alternative, we can adopt a holonic path incorporating an alternative soft energy path with a traditional hard energy path complimentarily based on load management. This has a high affinity with the flexible system of a smart city. At a system level, the purpose of all of the paths mentioned above is not energy itself but the service it provides. If the expected energy service is fixed, the conclusive factor in choosing a more appropriate system is accessibility to the energy service. Accessibility refers to reliability and affordability; the former encompasses the level of energy self-sufficiency, and the latter encompasses the extent of energy saving. From this point of view, it seems that the small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path have a clear advantage over the huge centralized energy systems of a hard energy path. However, some insuperable limitations still remain, so it is reasonable to consider both energy systems continuing to coexist in a multiplexing energy system employing a holonic path to create and maintain reliable and affordable access to energy services that cover households'/enterprises' basic energy needs. If this is embodied in a smart city concept, this is nothing else but smart energy inclusion. In Japan, following the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, a trend towards small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path intensified in order to realize a nuclear-free society. As a result, the Government of Japan proclaimed in its Fifth Strategic Energy Plan that renewable energy must be the main source of power in Japan by 2050. Accordingly, Sony vowed that all the energy it uses would come from renewable sources by 2040. In this situation, it is expected that smart energy inclusion will be achieved by the Japanese version of a smart grid based on the concept of a minimum cost scheme and demand response.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.76-86
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• 2024

This study sought to introduce smart urban regeneration to solve the problem of aging and substandard housing in large cities that occurred during the rapid industrialization and urbanization of local cities in Korea. Accordingly, this study aims to activative the old downtown through the convergence of the existing urban regeneration project and smart city project and to improve the physical, social, and economic aspects. As a research method, the literature related to smart cities and urban regeneration was systematically reviewed, and the possibility of introducing smart city services in the Samho-dong district of Yangsan City was explored through domestic and foreign case analysis. As a result of the research, the necessity of smart urban regeneration was highlighted, and the conclusion was reached that it is important to improve the efficiency of urban regeneration projects by using information and communication technology and strengthen sustainability by urban regeneration. This study is expected to contribute to the activative the old downtown and the improvement of the quality of life of citizens, and it is necessary to strengthen the interaction between smart city and urban regeneration in the future, and the introduction of smart city services suitable for local characteristics is judged to play an important role in sustainable urban development through local community and citizen participation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.spc1
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• pp.813-826
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• 2020

This study analyzes the effects of the Smart Water City (SWC) project that was introduced from 2014 to 2016 in Paju City, Gyeonggi Province, Korea, focusing on the achievement of the business goals. The SWC is referred to as a city that embraces a healthy water supply system based on Smart Water Management (SWM) that promotes the efficiency of water management by combining Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) with water and sewerage facilities. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the SWC project, this study deploys evaluation criteria corresponding to the project objectives, and analyzes the outputs before and after the project. The results show that the SWC has contributed to enhancing water supply services and the reliability and drinking rate of tap water. Specific improvement areas include the rise of average water flow rate and water leakage reduction, the diffusion of water quality monitoring system, and the reduction of floating particle concentration and turbidity in drainage pipes was achieved. These were possible because of specific implementation plans for clear goal setting and achievement and active services for citizens. The data related to water quantity and quality showed improved performance compared to before the introduction of SWMS, which is a positive effect. However, a quantitative analysis of the outputs has limitations in identifying other external factors that have led to the changes. In the future, guidelines for spreading SWC and more comprehensive and specific evaluation indicators for SWC should be prepared, and SWMS should be developed in consideration of the needs of users.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.440-451
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• 2019

Smart City is a future-oriented city that provides users with desired services through various devices anytime and anywhere using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). In order to provide the smart city service desired by the user, the user-oriented design concept should be based on above all. The design and development process must be based on the opinions and needs of everyone involved and needs to ideally reflect all user information and feedback, including users, designers and stakeholders at all levels. Participatory design approaches can be seen as an attempt to better understand and engage real users, and they are essential and important to create more appropriate and user-friendly smart-city services. This study has recognized the importance of developing a smart city service from the viewpoint of user - centered design and examined the methodology of design thinking and service design process for smart city service development. User - centered design concept model for smart city service design was designed, and serviceability case developed based on concept model was verified.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-176
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• 2021

Over the past two decades, smart cities have been attracting attention as a means of solving urban problems and as a model for securing urban sustainability. Many studies have been conducted in various fields such as conceptual definitions, classification, new technologies, case analysis, and civic participation of smart cities. In particular, applicable technologies and their importance have been highlighted so far. However, since a city is a complex and meta-systematic space, it is the overly optimistic prospect that technology, one of the smart city components, will lead to successful smart cities. This study elucidates the impediments to driving smart cities as a case study of South Korea, a leading country in smart technology and digital transformation. We examined three comprehensive national plans for promoting smart cities and conducted focus group interviews with experts in smart cities to analyze the obstacles to carrying smart cities. We classified the thirteen impediments into technological, industrial, governmental, and social factors as a result. Some of them are generic issues in policy establishment and enforcement, while others are specific to smart cities.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.903-921
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• 2024

Industry 5.0 puts forward higher requirements for smart cities, including low-carbon, sustainable, and people-oriented, which pose challenges to the design of smart cities. In response to the above challenges, this study introduces the cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) and parallel system theory into the design of smart cities, and constructs a smart city framework based on parallel system theory. On this basis, in order to enhance the security of smart cities, a sustainable patrol subsystem for smart cities has been established. The intelligent patrol system uses a drone platform, and the trajectory planning of the drone is a key problem that needs to be solved. Therefore, a mathematical model was established that considers various objectives, including minimizing carbon emissions, minimizing noise impact, and maximizing coverage area, while also taking into account the flight performance constraints of drones. In addition, an improved metaheuristic algorithm based on ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm was designed for trajectory planning of patrol drones. Finally, a digital environmental map was established based on real urban scenes and simulation experiments were conducted. The results show that compared with the other three metaheuristic algorithms, the algorithm designed in this study has the best performance.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for the demonstration and the spread of smart cities. For this, the European Lighthouse project, a well-known smart city initiative, is analyzed. This article investigates agendas, applied solutions, stakeholders and cooperation, and expansion strategies in the 18 Lighthouse projects implemented by the EIP-SCC Smart City Demonstration Project. Four implications are discussed for Korean smart city projects. First, in promoting smart cities, clear philosophies and principles should be established in response to global issues such as climate change. Second, smart cities should be understood as the approaches for problem-solving rather than simply applying advanced technology. Third, a business system should be established in a way to meet the needs of the actors participating in the smart city demonstration project. Finally, an evaluation framework should be established to verify the performance of the project. High-performing best-practice projects should be supported by articulating their standards for their lessons to be spread into other cities. The implications presented here can contribute to developing smart city models along with follow-up studies.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the smart city governance through the multi-layer governance model, which includes administrative governance(AG), technological governance(TG), and global governance(GG). The results of the smart city governance are as follows. Multi-layered governance was modeled to enable cross-checking of each element of the propelling process and types of governance. AG has transitioned from a public partnership to a public-private people partnership(pppp) through a public-private partnership(ppp). TG has the characteristics of information communication technologies(ICTs) - eco technologies(EcoTs) - Spatial technology convergence including physical center, information software platforms such as the CCTV convergence center, and virtualization such as the cloud data center. GG aims at developing killer applications and ICTs-embedded space with intelligent buildings such as a smart city special zone to enable overseas exports. The smart city roadshow and forum have been developed as a platform for overseas exports with competition as well as cooperation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.193-198
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• 2019

In smart cities around the world, urban environments have become more convenient due to information and communication technology(ICT). However, extant studies reveal that the level of life satisfaction of citizens has not improved compared to that of the pre-smart city and citizens are skeptical about the role of the smart city. This is largely because local culture and needs were neglected during the planing and development of the smart city. The research was conducted on Cambodia as a pilot site and our findings indicate that middle age group's population is significantly small and the society is at risk of losing its culture. Therefore, this paper opens up various ways of embedding cultural programs using technology in order to pass down cultural heritage to young generation, provide an emotional attachment to the inhabitants and further build up a new phase of cultural legacy. This will engender cultural uniqueness to the city and intrigue tourists around the world resulting in the growth of the tourist industry. This research will contribute locally by providing a sense of community to the public and globally by suggesting applicable methodology to other cities that are under the similar context.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.641-651
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to derive institutional improvement methods for promoting the Damaged Area Restoration Project in greenbelts. The current status of greenbelts in Gyeonggi-do, where greenbelts are extensively distributed was analyzed, and the relevant laws and regulations were reviewed to suggest measures to promote the restoration project. The area of damaged areas within greenbelts in Gyeonggi-do was 6,121,024 m², accounting for about 0.52% of the total area of greenbelts, and more than 80% was found to be located in Namyangju (55.49%), Hanam (16.48%), and Siheung (8.68%). Various measures to improve the policy were examined as follows: reducing the minimum size of the restoration project area; adjusting baseline of recognizing range of damaged areas; introducing the right of claim for land sale; allowing long-term unexecuted urban parks to be replaced as alternative sites for parks and green spaces; simplifying administrative procedures; and allowing public participation. All of them are expected to promote the restoration project within greenbelts. In results, when the minimum size of area for the restoration project was reduced from 10,000 m² into 5,000 m², 3,000 m² and 2,000 m², the ratio of the number of combinable lots to the total number of lots increased from 4.4% to 18.8%, 38.8%, and 55.9% respectively in Namyangju. Morever, when the recognizable ranges of the restoration project were extended to the structures obtaining building permit as of March 30, 2016 and obtaining use approvals before December, 2017, the number of applicable lots increased by 5.1% and 9.2% respectively.