• 의학교육논단
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2021

This review of the literature explored the experiences and effects of peer-assisted learning in basic medical education. Peer-assisted learning is most commonly utilized to teach clinical skills (including technical skills) and medical knowledge (76.4%). It has also been used, albeit less frequently, to facilitate small-group discussions including problem-based learning, to promote students' personal and professional development, to provide mentoring for career development and adaptation to school, to give tutoring to at-risk students, and to implement work-based learning in clinical settings. Near-peer learning is a common type. The use of active learning techniques and digital technology has been increasingly reported. Students' leadership had frequently been described. Student tutor training, programs for teaching skills, institutional support, and assessments have been conducted for effective peer-assisted learning. There is considerable positive evidence that peer-assisted learning is effective in teaching simple clinical skills and medical knowledge for tutees. However, its effects on complex skills and knowledge, small-group discussions, personal and professional development, peer mentoring, and work-based learning have rarely been studied. Additionally, little evidence exists regarding whether peer-assisted learning is effective for student tutors. Further research is needed to develop peer-assisted learning programs and to investigate their learning effects on student tutors, small-group discussion facilitation, personal and professional development, peer mentoring, and peer-led work-based learning in the clinical setting in South Korea. Formal programs and system advancement for a student-led learning culture is needed for effective peer-assisted learning.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to identify and understand sexuality in 10th grade co-ed students in Seoul, Korea in order to construct practical curriculum for sex education for youth. Method: One-hour class per week was done to the 3 classes among 6 classes for Spring semester in 1999: small group discussion(for 3 classes) & questionnaires(6 classes) were taken. Results: Despite the increased number of sex education programs, peers apparently remain the major source of information and the counselor of their sexual problems. The rate of correct answer of the sex knowledge is still low, especially on biological aspects of opposite sex. Western culture and women's movements have changed our society. In turn, sexual sterotypes and roles have been changing. Small group discussions were taken after the classes of pregnancy, abortion and unmarried parents. Their opinions on maintaining virginity were collected. The condition of choosing spouse and boy/girl friend is quite different in many aspects.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2003

The key features of our integrated approach to teaching and loaming college mathematics include interactive and discussion-based teaching, small group work, computer as a tool, problem solving approach, open approach, mathematics in context, emphasis on mathematical thinking and creativity, and writing/communicating about mathematics. In this paper we report a few examples to illustrate the type of problems we use in our integrated approach.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.202-212
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a school based smoking prevention program for college freshmen. Method: The nonequivalent control group, pretest-post-test design was used. Among 16 departments in a University located in S city, students in 8, randomly selected, departments received 6 sessions of smoking prevention program consisted of small group discussion led by smoking cessation leaders, video watching, and lectures from March 15 to June 9, 2004. Students in remaining 8 departments did not receive any education. Student's attitude, intention, stress, temptation, knowledge and self efficacy was measured. Result: The level of stress and smoking temptation was significantly decreased in the experimental group over that of the control group. Conclusion: It was proven that this school based smoking prevention program was effective for decreasing smoking temptation in college freshmen. In the future, more efforts should be given to college age students to prevent them becoming chronic smokers.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 조 활동 기술을 교려한 집단 구성 방법(동질/이질)이 학생들의 개념 이해도, 과학 학습 환경에 대한 인식, 의사소통 불안, 소집단 토론에 대한 인식 등에 미치는 효과를 비교하였다. 수업 처치는 상태변화, 밀도, 용해 개념에 대해 9차시 동안 진행되?駭? 이원 공변량 분석 결과, 개념 검사 접수에서는 집단 구성 방법에 따라 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 과학 학습 환경에 대한 인식 중 '학생간의 협상' 범주에서 조 활동 기술 상위 학생들은 이질 집단에서, 하위 학생들은 동질 집단에서 보다 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 의사소통 불안에서는 유의미한 차이가 존재하지 않았다. 소집단 토론에 대한 인식 검사 결과, 불균등한 토론 참여를 단점으로 인식하는 학생이 동질 집단보다 이질 집단에 더 많았다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2000

This main purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two different types of ethics education on the moral judgement of clinical nurses. One type was free discussions among nurses with given specific moral issues and the other type was discussions guided by experts on specific moral issues. The study employed a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent pre test-post test design using two different control groups. The conceptual framework of the study was derived from the Kohlberg′s Moral Development Theory (1969) and the Greipp′s Ethical Decision-Making Model (1992). The data was collected during the period of October 14 through December 15, 1998. Sample consists of 32 nurses working in the ICU who met research criteria. 16 nurses were assigned to the free discussion group and 16 nurses to the group for the guided discussion with experts group. For the pre-test, the DIT which was developed by Rest (1984) and JAND by Ketefian (1998) were used with some modification by the author. After the education, only JAND was used to assess the changes in moral judgement. The collected data was analysed using SPSS PC program. The findings are as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between two groups in their general characteristics. Only difference which was statistically significant between two groups was that realistic score on Case 3/Medical Research and Autopsy was higher in the free discussion group. 2. Hypothesis 1: "There will be a difference on the moral judgement of nurses before and after they receive an ethics education". This hypothesis was supported partially. Those who had low scores on moral judgement before the education tended to have higher scores after the education on the same issues. And, after the education, the nurses tend to give lower scores on the dilemmas they had experienced frequently at work; while giving higher scores on those dilemmas they had no prior experience. 3. Hypothesis 2: "The effect of education may differ depended upon the moral development index [P(%)] score of nurses". The effect of education was different depend on moral development level. The group who′s P(%) scores was low at the pretest has higher scores in realistic moral judgement after the education, while the groups with middle or high P(%) scores went down after the education. These changes were statistically significant in some cases, thus, the Hypothesis 2 was partially supported 4. Hypothesis 3: "The method of ethics education will have different effects on the moral judgement of nurses". Even though several nurses attended the guided discussion stated that the education program broadend their perspectives the difference between two groups was not significant and this hypothesis was not supported. In conclusion, both types of ethics education had helped the nurses to acquire the skills to deal some nursing dilemmas. The effects of ethics education may differ according to the moral development index - P(%) score. However, because of some of the limitations of this study, mainly small sample size, short term education, unable to control other variables which may affect moral judgement of nurses, further research is warranted.er research is warranted.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 예비 과학 교사 28명의 온라인 토론 내용을 사회적 구성주의 학습이론에 기초하여 분석하였다. 1주일 동안의 예비 토론 후에 4주 동안 매주 다른 주제에 대한 조별 토론을 진행하였다. 각 주제별로 메시지가 가장 빈번하게 올라온 토론 원고를 선정하여 총 72개의 메시지를 분석하였다. 토론 주제는 과학의 본성과 관련된 논제였다. 분석 모델로는 '컴퓨터 컨퍼런스에서의 사회적 지식 구성을 조사하기 위한 상호작용 분석 모델'을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, '정보 공유' 차원의 메시지들이 가장 많았고, '불일치의 발견 및 탐색'과 '의미 절충 및 지식의 공동 구성'에 대한 메시지가 다음으로 많았다. 그러나 '새로운 종합 의견의 평가와 수정'이나 '새롭게 구성된 지식에의 동의 및 응용'에 해당하는 메시지는 매우 적었다. 이러한 결과는 학생들의 온라인 토론을 통한 상호작용이 사회적 지식 구성에 이르지 못했음을 나타낸다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of small inquiry method on space perception ability and creative personality. Testees of this research are 36 elementary pre-service teachers taking an astronomical observation class. Doing inquiry activity after 36 elementary pre-service teachers are classified into 6 Jigsaw small inquiry. Learning activity was split into two groups, expert group and a population. To find out research outcome, pre-test was executed space perception ability test, creative personality test. Analysis of test result was accomplished with statistical package SPSS 18.0 paired t testing hypothesis. The results of this study are as follows. First, 'source of season change' class using Jigsaw small inquiry method has effect on space perception ability improvement. This was interpreted that space perception ability improvement was effective because characteristic of Jigsaw small inquiry is made up of lots of semin Second, 'source of season change' class using Jigsaw small inquiry method has no effect on creative personality. This was interpreted that experiment and discussion activity getting accomplished in a short time has no effect on qualitative characterizing Creative Personality improvement.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.494-505
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 중학교 1학년을 대상으로 리더유형에 따라 포용적, 설득적, 배타적, 리더부재 모둠으로 편성한 후 MBL실험수업에서 나타난 학생들의 언어적 상호작용을 분석하였다. 상호작용 전체 빈도는 포용적 리더가 있는 모둠이 가장 높았고 설득적, 배타적, 리더 부재 모둠 순으로 나타났다. 인지적 측면의 질문, 응답, 의견제시, 의견받기와 관련된 상호작용 빈도는 포용적 리더가 있는 모둠에서 가장 높았으나, 정의적 측면의 행동참여와 분위기조절에 관련된 상호작용빈도는 배타적 리더가 있는 모둠에서 가장 높았다. 리더 유형에 따라 모둠내 언어적 상호작용은 매우 다른 양상을 보였는데, 그 특성을 분석한 결과, 포용적 리더가 있는 모둠은 토론활동의 분위기가 매우 허용적 이었으며, 모둠 구성원들이 활발하게 토론활동에 참여하였고, 모둠에 대한 소속감과 자부심을 나타내기도 하였다. 설득적 리더가 있는 모둠은 실험 및 토론활동을 리더학생이 주도하였고, 동료학생들은 리더에게 도전하는 일은 거의 일어나지 않았으며 오히려 의지하는 경향을 보였다. 배타적 리더가 있는 모둠의 경우는 리더와 동료들의 관계가 원만하지 않아 불만, 무시 등이 여과 없이 표현되었고, 리더 학생이 성취도가 낮은 동료들을 배려하지 못함으로서 활발한 토론활동을 하는데 장애요인이 되었다. 리더 부재 모둠의 경우, 토론활동의 내용이 마치 단답형 대화처럼 짧고, 단순하였다. 또한 동료들끼리의 질문에 대해서도 불명확한 대답이 많았고, 가끔씩 대화가 중단되기도 하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to analyze the within-group verbal interactions in Thinking Science activities and compare the characteristics of verbal interactions shown by the pupils as well as the differences in help by e teacher in Korea with those in the UK. For the purposes of this study, 16 pupils from comparable groups by cognitive level were selected from both countries. Verbal interactions and teacher help during group discussions were audio/ video taped and the types of students' interactions were classified into interactions related to problem solving, management of classroom loaming and others. The results of this study showed that the verbal interactions in Korean groups were more activated than those in the UK groups. However, the percentages of high level interactions such as metacognitive questions, elaborative suggestions and logical argumentations were higher in the UK groups than those in the Korean groups. Observation of the within-group activities revealed that the pupils of both countries shared some common ground in the following ways; neither recognized the need to formulate the hypothesis in the process of inquiry and that the procedures of discussion were dominated by the pupils of higher cognitive level as the discussion proceeded. It was also observed that the pupils in the UK were considerate in response to the questions posed by both their peers or the teacher, while the pupils in Korea were influenced by their prior knowledge in the subject. Analysis of the teacher help during the inquiry activities showed that the tendency fur the teacher to emphasize the process rather than the product in the procedures of discussion and the extent he/she allowed the pupils to think and consider were closely related to the characteristics of the teacher himself/herself and was found to be a point of commonality in both countries. However, the teachers in the UK revealed the tendency of trying to propose the task to the pupils in concrete and systematic ways and guide the discussion based on the thinking of the pupils, while those in Korea tried to use strategies designed to draw out active verbal interactions among the pupils.