• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.03a
• /
• pp.1324-1333
• /
• 2010

This paper is used in a recent civil engineering field in three-dimensional laser-meter tiles using thermal imaging cameras for the weathered rock slopes precisely measured indirectly, to the degree that began in the will. In the field is difficult to access the degree of weathering of the rock slope to the existing direct way to compensate for the shortcomings of 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanner and weathering characteristics of rocks using thermal imaging cameras to get the information to analyze the degree of rock weathering is. Intensity of 3D TLS and the thermal camera with image analysis to analyze the degree of weathering of bedrock in the field of core drilling targeting indoor laboratory tests were analyzed through the study. Granite, gneiss, sandstone, much of the cancerous samples, each experiment has a 40 per category, each of which 30 were used to analyze the data collected. That degree of rock weathering, the rock, depending on the strength of the Intensity values can change, depending on the level of thermal imaging camera, also weathered the changes in temperature could see. Intensity is the strength of weak rocks, the more value decrease, the temperature of the thermal imaging camera through the swell Intensity and notice that the temperature had an inverse relationship. Intensity value of the low strength of weak rock, but the value came out of the rocks have been proved to be largely dependent on the contrast. The contrast of the surface rocks are weathered dark Intensity values lower temperature to swell the contrary, the degree of weathering can be distinguished.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.63-80
• /
• 1987

Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) and two way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) were applied to Pinus densiflora stands nearby Seoul area in order to classify them into several groups based on herbaceous species and environmental relationships. The eighteen Pinus densiflora stands were perferenially selected, In each stand, 30 to 60 quadrats, (20X20)cm, were randomly estabilished. In each quadrat, all stems for herbaceous plants were recorded by species and their covers were measured. In addition environmental factors such as soil depth, thickness of litter layer, soil compressibility, tree density, basal area, elevation, slope and exposure were detemined for each stand. Four to twelve soil cores were collected and physical and KDICical properties were determined. This survey was conducted form 15, July, 1985 to 22, September, 1985. Analysis of the vegetation and environmental data were performed with DECORANA and TWINSPAN. Stand ordination (DECORANA) and classification (TWINSPAN) based on herbaceous species suggest that the stands can be classified into five groups in terms of herbaceous species composition and environmental relationships. Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV and Type V were classified to SUBMESIC-CLO-SED-CANOPY (Artemisia keiskeana, Carex nanella), MESIC-CLOSED CANOPY (Spodiopogon sibiricus, Miscanthus sinensis, Carex nanella, Pteridum aquilinum, Melampyrum rosium), SUBMESIC-OPEN CANOPY (Carex nanella, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Miscanthus sinensis), XERIC-CLOSED CANOPY (Carex nanella, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Carex nanella), and XERIC-OPEN CANOPY (Arundinella hirts, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Carex nanella), respectively. These results were consitent with environmental trends on stan ordination. Application of the ordination and classifiaction to Pinus densiflora stands were effective as a approach on obtaining perliminary ecological information.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.322-326
• /
• 2008

Due to the rapid increasing in the aged population, it calls for social countermeasures urgently. Especially, there are increasing needs of space environment to support physical and spiritual characteristics of elderly. When designing space environment including house, there are growing consideration for elderly and extending appreciation of aging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception on environment planning for the seniors among university students who majoring in Housing & Interior Design and who visited the Aging Simulation Center located in Seoul. The Aging Simulation Center gives a chance of space design to support the elderly based on the experiences of daily living for the designers who design environment for elderly. Questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data from 93 university students in their 20s majoring in housing and interior design who visited the Aging Simulation Center. The research findings showed that the recognition for design elements of residential environment for the elderly of respondents was changed toward positive way after visiting the Aging Simulation Center. The Aging Simulation Center was an effective educational environment for the preliminary designers to understand aging and the importance of appropriate design for users' needs. That is, aging simulation space can improve recognition of necessity of universally designed environment to support the elderly. Handrails around bathtub and wash basin, stair slope, electric auto-level controlled kitchen counter and kitchen cabinet were especially perceived for the respondents as very essential design elements to support the aged.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.319-341
• /
• 2016

Objective:This research analyzed the lower-limb motion in kinetic and kinematic way while walking on various terrains to develop Foot-Ground Contact Detection (FGCD) algorithm using the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Background: To estimate the location of human in GPS-denied environments, it is well known that the lower-limb kinematics based on IMU sensors, and pressure insoles are very useful. IMU is mainly used to solve the lower-limb kinematics, and pressure insole are mainly used to detect the foot-ground contacts in stance phase. However, the use of multiple sensors are not desirable in most cases. Therefore, only IMU based FGCD can be an efficient method. Method: Orientation and acceleration of lower-limb of 10 participants were measured using IMU while walking on flat ground, ascending and descending slope and stairs. And the inertial information showing significant changes at the Heel strike (HS), Full contact (FC), Heel off (HO) and Toe off (TO) was analyzed. Results: The results confirm that pitch angle, rate of pitch angle of foot and shank, and acceleration in x, z directions of the foot are useful in detecting the four different contacts in five different walking terrain. Conclusion: IMU based FGCD Algorithm considering all walking terrain possible in daily life was successfully developed based on all IMU output signals showing significant changes at the four steps of stance phase. Application: The information of the contact between foot and ground can be used for solving lower-limb kinematics to estimating an individual's location and walking speed.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.343-352
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we implemented a touchless interface for DID(Digital Information Display) system using gesture recognition technique which includes both hand motion and hand shape recognition. Especially this touchless interface without extra attachments gives user both easier usage and spatial convenience. For hand motion recognition, two hand-motion's parameters such as a slope and a velocity were measured as a direction-based recognition way. And extraction of hand area image utilizing YCbCr color model and several image processing methods were adopted to recognize a hand shape recognition. These recognition methods are combined to generate various commands, such as, next-page, previous-page, screen-up, screen-down and mouse -click in oder to control DID system. Finally, experimental results showed the performance of 93% command recognition rate which is enough to confirm the possible application to commercial products.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
• /
• 1997.12a
• /
• pp.33-69
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to develop a methodology to predict utility pole accident rates and to evaluate cost-effectiveness for safety improvement for utility pole accidents. The utility pole accident rate prediction model was based on the encroachment rate approach introduced in the Transportation Research Board Special Report 214. The utility pole accident rate on a section of highway depends on the roadside encroachment rate and the lateral extent of encroachment. The encroachment rate is influenced by the horizontal and vertical alignment of the highway as well as traffic volume and mean speed. The lateral extent of encroachment is affected by the horizontal and vertical alignment, the mean speed and the roadside slope. An analytical method to generate the probability distribution function for the lateral extent of encroachment was developed for six kinds of encroachment types by the horizontal alignment and encroachment direction. The encroachment rate was calibrated with the information on highway and roadside conditions and the utility pole accident records collected on the sections of 55mph speed limit of the State Trunk Highway 12 in Wisconsin. The encroachment rate on a tangent segment was calibrated as a function of traffic volume with the actual average utility pole accident rates by traffic volume strategies. The adjustment factors for horizontal and vertical alignment were then derived by comparing the actual average utility pole accident rates to the estimations from the model calibrated for tangent and level sections. A computerized benefit-cost analysis procedure was then developed as a means of evaluating alternative countermeasures. The program calculates the benefit-cost ratio and the percent of reduction of utility pole accidents resulting from the implementation of a safety improvement. This program can be used to develop safety improvement: alternatives for utility pole accidents when a predetermined performance level is specified.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.88-91
• /
• 2010

This study examined the effects of Korean red ginseng (RG) on muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise. Eighteen college male students were randomly assigned to either the RG group or the placebo group (P). The RG group ingested RG extract at 20 g/day (mixed with 200 mL of water) for 7 days prior to performing a downhill treadmill exercise and for 3 days after performing the downhill treadmill exercise, while the P group ingested 200 mL of water containing Agastachis Herba for 7 days prior to and 3 days following a downhill treadmill exercise. All subjects performed 2 bouts of a downhill treadmill exercise (6 km, -14 degree slope, 12 km/hr speed) with a 5 minute resting interval between bouts. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and after exercise, and at 1 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr. Two-way repeated ANOVA documented that creatine kinase (CK) levels in the RG group were significantly reduced at 48 hr after exercise, as compared with P group, and remained constant until 72 hr after exercise. Lactate levels in the RG group were also significantly lower at 24 hr and 72 hr after exercise as compared to the P group. We conclude that supplementation of RGreduces CK levels and may prevent muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2015

Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of railway is to create a variety of scenario and to quantify the degree of risk by a result of the product of accident frequency and accident. Quantitative risk Assessment is affected by various factors such as tunnel specifications, characteristics of the fire, and relation of smoke control and evacuation direction. So in this study, it is conducted that how the way of smoke control and the relation of smoke control and evacuation direction affect quantitative risk assessment with variables (the tunnel length (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 km) and the slope (5, 15, 25‰)). As the result, in a train fire at the double track tunnel (Area = $97m^2$), it is most efficient to evacuate to the opposite direction of smoke control regardless of the location of train in train fire. In addition, under the same condition, index risk in mechanical ventilation up to 1/10.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.91-107
• /
• 1998

Waste disposal problem is one of the most important social welfare indicators in urban area, because the volume of waste generated from urban area is remarkable. So far most waste of Seoul has been disposed at landfills. However, this landifill disposal method is confronted with several difficulties in recent. As public concern on environmental problem increases and autonomy system is settled down, local community people of the landfills refuse to receive the waste produced other places any more. It brought reginal confliction problem between waste sending and receiving by refusing to accept waste from certain region. Furthermore, it is difficult to find another place to fill up the waste, while the existing landfiis is reached at the limit in the near future. In terms of environmental aspects landfill method is not the best way to dispose waste. It contaminates the soil and ground/underground water by leaking water containing many serious pollutants as well as offensive oder. In terms of equity, this waste disposal method is not fair. Environmental pollution causes damage to residence near to the landfills, while the waste produced other places. In order to satisfy the equity aspect, the waste generated a region should be disposed within the region. Incineration of Waste has been provided as the alternative. Government plans to construct waste incinerator in every anatomy, so the waste produced by local community is disposed within their local autonomous area. However, the location decision is not easy, since waste incinerator is one of the facilities to the community people. We can not apply the existing location models for this problem, because they show strong NIMBY phenomenon for the location. The location of waste incinerator should be determined very carefully with consideration of various location factors and criteria. This study proposes a methodology for determining the location of the waste incinerators by utilizing GIS, which is a power research tool for location decision where various geographical factors related. We drive the location factors which should be considered in the determination of waste incinerators. They involve environmental, socio-economic, and institutional factors. In first, we eliminate the area which is located within the environmental location criteria such as slope, fault line, distance to river, and then eliminate ares which is conflict with the social and institutional criteria.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.881-901
• /
• 2016

This study is about investigating students' recognition and expression on relationship of 'time, distance, speed' via teaching experiment. In this process, students showed not only a change in perception of the relationship of 'time, distance, speed' but also recognizing the average speed as a viewpoint of the slope of the line connecting the end points of the interval in the distance function as well as another way of perceiving average speed of a height of a rectangle. In this process, the study shows the scene of expanding the relation of 'distance = time ${\times}$ speed' to 'distance = time ${\times}$ average speed', and also the student who makes the continuous reasoning shows the possibility of constructing a new function that can explain the change of the primitive function by allocating the average rate of change to the interval. Although this study was conducted with a limited number of students, this study suggests some implications through the observation of relationship of 'time, distance, speed' the students'. We hope that these results will be the starting point for various studies for constructing the integral learning model in the future.