• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2002

Cyto-toxic effect of silver sulfadiazine (Ag-SD) on keratinocytes and its implication on wound healing process were investigated in $2^{nd}$ degree bum hairless mouse model. As a dermal model, HaCat (immortalized keratinocytes) monolayer culture in DMEM with 10% FBS was used. Cyto-toxicity of Ag-SD was estimated by measuring the cell viability using neutral red assay after adding the drug. The $2^{nd}$ degree bum was prepared on hairless mouse back skin (1 cm diameter) and dressings with Ag-SD were applied for 96 hr. The process of re-epithelialization and the presence of inflammatory cells were investigated and histology with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was performed. Ag-SD displayed highly cyto-toxic effect on cultured HaCat cells in a concentration dependent manner $(1-100\;{\mu}g/mL)$. Topical application of Ag-SD (2%) could control the infection: no inflammatory cells were observed in histology. However the cyto-toxic effect of Ag-SD on skin cells induced the impairment in epidermal regeneration.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2003

Ultraviolet (UV) is thought to induce erythema, sun-burn, photo-toxicity, photo-allergy, photo-aging and sometimes skin tumor. To investigate the photo-protective effects of APB-01 (Amore-Pacific Beauty-01, the mixture of Jaummi-dan and Fujiflavone P10) on UV-induced skin damage, forty of SKH hairless female mice were orally administered with APB-01 or saline fifth a week, and irradiated with UV third a week for up to ten weeks. We examined the relationship between visible changes and skin damage in the dermis and epidermis. In the APB-01 treated group, a better skin and less wrinkles formation were observed when compared to the UV control group. This results demonstrated that oral administration of APB-01 seems to have photo-protective effects on UV-induced skin damage of hairless mice due to an inhibitory effect on collagen breakdown, and the model using hairless mice is very useful to investigate the efficacy of functional beauty foods.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

South Asian's growing obsession with fair skin has made the cosmetic industry into a multibillion-dollar trade over the last decade alone. With reports of toxicity and potential mutagenicity of conventional skin lightening agents, cosmetic industries are looking for plant-based skin whitening formulations. In this review some potential depigmentation agents from South Asian region are discussed, including their historical background, biochemical characteristics and recent findings on their depigmenting activity.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.92.2-93
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• 2003

This study with the object of reported to depigment agent, oxyresveratrol derivative, compound DMPB. Compound DMPB with a two methoxy groups and modified connection chain. It was synthesized in accordance with a simple combination process. Compound DMPB exhibits depigmentaion ability on ultraviolet B-induced hyperpigmention of the brown guinea pig skin. In addition, this Compound exhibited 30% inhibitory effect of melanin generation without cell toxicity as a result of the treatment with 100 ppm in melan-a cells. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2016

Objectives: The goals of this research were to evaluate acute (single-dose) and sub-acute (repeated-dose) toxicity profiles of methanolic extract of Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart ex Brandis (PI) for Wistar rats and to assess the safety profile of PI by observing physiological changes, mortality, changes in body weight, the histopathology of body organs, the hematology and the biochemistry of the animals. Methods: The toxicity profile of PI was evaluated using Wistar rats of both sexes. Animals were divided into four groups: Group 1; control group (normal saline), Group 2; PI-1 (250 mg/kg), Group 3; PI-2 (500 mg/kg), Group 4; PL-3 (1,000 mg/kg). An acute-toxicity study in which animals received a single dose of PI extract (2,000 mg/kg) and were then observed for 14 days for changes in skin, fur, eye color, mucous membrane secretions and excretions, gait, posture, and tonic or clonic movements was performed according to guideline 425 of the Organization of Economic and Corporation Development (OECD). In the repeated-dose toxicity study (OECD - 407) animals received a daily dose of PI extract for 28 days (4 weeks). The parameters observed in this study include body weight, hematology and biochemistry of the animals. Results: In the acute toxicity study, no mortalities or changes in behavior were noted in the animals. The repeated-dose toxicity study was also devoid of any toxicity in the animals during the 28 days of testing with PI extract. The extract did not alter- the body weight, hematology or biochemistry of the animals. The methanolic extract of PI was to be found safe to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for the single-dose and repeated-dose toxicity tests in rats. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of PI was devoid of toxicity; hence, it can be used for various ayurvedic preparations and treatments of diseases.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2013

Objectives: The OECD QSAR Application Toolbox was developed by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to facilitate the practical use of QSAR approaches in regulatory contexts as well as to reduce the need for additional animal testing. In this study, human health and the ecotoxicity of chemicals were predicted by applying the OECD QSAR Application Toolbox and the results were compared with experimental data in order to evaluate the applicability of this program. Methods: Read-across, trend analysis, and QSAR of OECD QSAR Application Toolbox were used for the prediction of toxicity. Results: The toxicity prediction was conducted on 6,354 chemicals for which toxicity data have been produced on the six endpoints of skin sensitization, skin irritation, eye irritation, mutagenicity, and acute toxicities of fish and Daphnia. From the total of 6,354, we obtained prediction results for 1,621 chemicals (25.5%). Conclusions: The predicted properties of mutagenicity, skin sensitization, and acute aquatic toxicities were reasonably good when compared with experimental data, but other endpoints were not due to the limitation of applicable chemical groups.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2000

Totally, twenty seven specimens of tiger puffer, Fugu rubripes rubripes were collected at Jagalchi fish market in Pusan, Korea during January, April and September in 1995. Anatomical distribution of pufferfish toxin in tiger puffer was examined by mouse bioassay. The frequency rate of toxic specimens containing $\geq$ 10 MU/g was 14.8％ in liver; 16.7％ in gonad; and 14.8％ in skin, and no toxin was detected in muscle. The highest toxin level found was 160 MU/g in liver, 600 MU/g in gonad and 26 MU/g in skin, and each average toxin level (mean$\pm$ standard error) was 7$\pm$6, 50$\pm$35 and 5$\pm$1 MU/g, respectively. Some specimens collected in January and April were toxic, while none of the specimens collected in September showed its toxicity. Although toxicity of tiger puffer showed the seasonal variation, tested tiger puffer was evaluated as a safe seafood fur consumption, in that an acceptable level of toxin was found in the edible muscle and skin.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topically applied recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) for the prevention of radiation-induced dermatitis in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: From December 2010 to April 2012, a total of 1,172 cancer patients who received radiotherapy (RT) of more than 50 Gy were prospectively enrolled and treated with EGF-based cream. An acute skin reaction classified according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 6-point rating scale was the primary end point and we also assessed the occurrence of edema, dry skin, or pruritus. Results: The percentage of radiation dermatitis with maximum grade 0 and grade 1 was 19% and 58% at the time of 50 Gy, and it became 29% and 47% after completion of planned RT. This increment was observed only in breast cancer patients (from 18%/62% to 32%/49%). Adverse events related to the EGF-based cream developed in 49 patients (4%) with mild erythema the most common. Skin toxicity grade >2 was observed in 5% of the patients. Edema, dry skin, and pruritus grade ${\geq}3$ developed in 9%, 9%, and 1% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: Prophylactic use of an EGF-based cream is effective in preventing radiation dermatitis with tolerable toxicity. Further studies comparing EGF cream with other topical agents may be necessary.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.296-307
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• 2017

In spite of frequent usage of primary human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) in the study of skin biology, senescence-induced block-age of in vitro proliferation has been a big hurdle for their effective utilization. In order to overcome this passage limitation, we first isolated ten HFK lines from circumcision patients and successfully immortalized four of them via a retroviral transduction of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes. We confirmed expression of a keratinocyte marker protein, keratin 14 and two viral oncoproteins in these immortalized HFKs. We also observed their robust responsiveness to various exogenous stimuli, which was evidenced by increased mRNA expression of epithelial differentiation markers and pro-inflammatory genes in response to three reactive chemicals. In addition, their applicability to cytotoxicity assessment turned out to be comparable to that of HaCaT cells. Finally, we confirmed their differentiation capacity by construction of well-stratified three dimensional skin cultures. These newly established immortalized HFKs will be valuable tools not only for generation of in vitro skin disease models but also for prediction of potential toxicities of various cosmetic chemicals.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2011

We investigated methiozolin acute toxicity using with Sprague-Dawley rats. The results of acute oral toxicity using rats showed $LD_{50}$ value of over 2,000 mg/kg bw for methiozolin. The calculate acute dermal $LD_{50}$ value of methiozolin was over 4,000 mg/kg. The skin irritation test showed moderately irritation and weak response of eye irritation test was observed in this experimental condition. According to these results, We concluded that methiozolin was Category IV in GHS chemical classification for acute toxicity. Future, we need more chronic toxicity test for safety.