• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2002

The wrist and forearm are a frequently damaged area in high tension electrical injury as an input or output of the current. Electrical burns affecting the wrist and forearm may produce full thickness necrosis of the skin and damage deep vital structures beneath the eschar, affecting the local tendons, nerves, even bones and joints which result in serious dysfunction of the hand. From January 1997 to December 2001, we had treated 20 patients with high tension electrical burn in the wrist and forearm using anterolateral thigh free flap. Average follow up period were 24 months and we get satisfactory results both in functional and aesthetic aspects. This flap is considered useful in one-stage reconstruction of wide and large soft tissue defect combined with arterial injuries.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2004

Polyester fabrics, which is a major product in Daegu and Kyungbuk district, recently have a frequent warp streak phenomenon of sizing textiles for peach skin. So, this paper intensively focuses on the analysis of finding causes of poor products which may be produced in the process of sizing. Depending on the changes of sizing yarn's physical characteristic varying on sizing conditions, results of the research are as followed. 1. Sizing add-on rate, following tension changes of originally supplied yarn in sizing, does not fluctuate until 30g sizing tension, but marks high on the increase of sizing speed. 2. Sizing add-on amount increases approximately by 2.5% when interlacing pressure is raised from 1.5kg/$cm^2$ to 3.5kg/$cm^2$ at $130^{\circ}C$ sizing temperature. 3. Following the increase of sizing tension from 10g to 50g, boiling shrinkage rate of desizing yarn changes approximately from 7% to 11%. But the more sizing temperature and speed increases, the bigger the change rate becomes. 4. The thermal stress of desizing yarn is sensitively influenced by sizing tension in the sizing degree of above $130^{\circ}C$. 5. The deviation rate of sizing yarn's initial modulus value, which is influenced by air pressure in interlacing raw yarn, marks the highest at 40g and 50g strength.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.74-75
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• 2014

In remodeling business or construction of both new strucures and existing structures, Case that pile foundation was set is often. Micro pile, holding compressive force and tensile force by spherical friction, is supported by skin friction rather than end bearing capacity. but, This is weak in tension. Active area of micro pile's skin friction is narrow and micro pile don't do unification behavior hence. So bearing capacity was not fully mobilized in existing researching. In this study, in order to compensate for this method, micro pile to install Resisting Fixture is proposed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 1995

In order to evaluate objectively the level of tension and relaxation in dental practices, the author used Biotrainer(BF-102R), one of the GSR biofeedback apparatus, to examine 119 dental outpatients on their changes of GSR due to infection, preparation, extraction and readjustment. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There were no differences in the baseline GSR between the control group and the patient groups. 2. Changes in GSR by practices were significantly larger than the baseline GSR. 3. GSR in female was larger than that in male 4. While the GSR after injection, preparation and extraction revealed lower level, the GSR after readjustment revealed higher level. 5. Most of subjects just after injection, preparation and extraction were more frequent in decrease of GSR and those just after readjustment more were frequent n increase of GSR. 6. Type 1,2(increase in skin resistance) showed greater in injection, preparation and extraction group, while type 3(decrease in skin resistance) did in readjustment group.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1975

The effect of skin extracts of Korean amphibian, poisonous snake and fresh-water fish were determined for their caerulein-like action on rabbit gall bladder strips. The isolated gall bladder strips were prepared according to the technique described by Amer and Becvar(1969). The strips were placed in a bath containing 100ml of Locke-Ringer solution maintained at $38^{\circ}C$. Oxygen was continuously bubbled through the solution. The tension of the muscle strip was initially adjusted to 0.7g. The contractile response was measured isometrically by a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. In this rabbit gall bladder strip caerulein produced contraction of CCK-PZ type. The skin extract of Korean amphibian also elicited similar contraction as caerulein, which extracted from Australian amphibian, Hyla caerulea, by Erspamer et al. The calculated amount was approximately $2{\mu}g$ caerulein per gram of skin tissue in Korean amphibian and the potency was about 1/200 of that seen in Australian amphibian. The contraction of gall bladder strip by our amphibians occurs in decreasing order; Rana Nigromaculata coreana Okada, Rana nigromaculata Hallowell, Hyla arborea japonica Gunther and Bombina orientalis Boulenger. The skin extracts of poisonous snake and fresh-water fish produced no caerulein-like activity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2014

Background Extensive degloving injuries of the extremities usually result in necrosis of the flap, necessitating comprehensive skin grafting. Provided there is a sufficient tool to evaluate flap viability, full-thickness skin can be used from a nonviable avulsed flap. We used a Wood's lamp to determine the viability of avulsed flaps in the operation field after intravenous injection of fluorescein dye. Methods We experienced 13 cases during 16 months. Fifteen minutes after the intravenous injection of fluorescein dye, the avulsed skin flaps were examined and non-fluorescent areas were marked under Wood's lamp illumination. The marked area was defatted for full-thickness skin grafting. The fluorescent areas were sutured directly without tension. The non-fluorescent areas were covered by defatted skin. Several days later, there was soft tissue necrosis within the flap area. We measured necrotic area and revised the flap. Results Among all the cases, necrotic area was 21.3% of the total avulsed area. However, if we exclude three cases, one of a carelessly managed patient and two cases of the flaps were inappropriately applied, good results were obtained, with a necrotic area of only 8.4%. Eight patients needed split-thickness skin grafts, and heel pad reconstruction was performed with free flap. Conclusions A full-thickness skin graft from an avulsed flap is a good method for addressing aesthetic concerns without producing donor site morbidity. Fluorescein dye is a useful, simple, and cost-effective tool for evaluating flap viability. Avulsed flap injuries can be managed well with Wood's lamp illumination and a full-thickness skin graft.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.277-287
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• 1999

탄소섬유 복합재료 T 조인트 시험편에 대한 접착특성 및 파손과정을 조사하기 위하여 단순인장 및 하중-제하 인장시험이 수행된다. 시험편은 스킨과 프레임 구조를 가지며, 동시성형과 2차 접착법에 의한 두 종류의 시험편이 제작된다. 단순인장시험동안 시험편의 손상 개시 및 진전시에 AE 특성을 측정하였고, 하중-제하 인장시험동안 진전된 균열길이는 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 측정된다. 또한 시험편 내부의 크랙면 윤곽에 대한 조사는 초음파 C-scan이 사용된다. AE 신호가 급격히 증가하는 하중과 하중-시간 곡선에서 하중강하점은 5% 이내의 오차로 비교적 잘 일치한다. 두 종류의 시험편의 초기균열은 동일한 위치인 중앙 누들부에서 발생되나 최종파단은 동시성형의 경우, 누들부에서, 2차 접착의 경우, 스킨/프레임 끝단에서 일어난다. 이런 결과로부터 두 종류의 시험편은 성형방법에 따라 서로 다른 파손 모드를 보인다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.477-493
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• 2014

This study examines the behaviour of single micropiles subjected to axial tension or compression load in collapsible loess under in-situ moisture content and saturated condition. Five tension loading tests and five compression loading tests on single micropiles were carried out at a typical loess site of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. A series of laboratory tests, including grain size distribution, specific gravity, moisture content, Atterberg limits, density, granular components, shear strength, and collapse index, were carried out during the micropile loading tests to determine the values of soil parameters. The loess at the test site poses a severe collapse risk upon wetting. The tension or compression load-displacement curves of the micropiles in loess, under in-situ moisture content or saturated condition, can generally be simplified into three distinct regions: an initial linear, a curvilinear transition, and a final linear region, and the bearing capacity or failure load can be interpreted by the L1-L2 method as done in other studies. Micropiles in loess should be considered as frictional pile foundations though the tip resistances are about 10%-15% of the applied loads. Both the tension and compression capacities increase linearly with the ratio of the pile length to the shaft diameter, L/d. For micropiles in loess under in-situ moisture content, the interpreted failure loads or capacities under tension are 66%-87% of those under compression. However, the prewetting of the loess can lead to the reductions of 50% in the tensile bearing capacity and 70% in the compressive bearing capacity.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2022

The static strength and fatigue crack resistance of the aircraft skin structures depend on the materials used and joint type. Most of the commercial aircraft's skin panel structures are made from aluminium alloy and carbon fibre reinforced epoxy. In this study, the fatigue resistance of four joint configurations (metal/metal, metal/composite, composite/composite and composite/metal) with riveted, adhesive bonded, and hybrid joining techniques are investigated with experiments and finite element analysis. The fatigue tests were tension-tension because of the typical nature of the loads on aircraft skin panels susceptible of experimenting fatigue. Experiment results suggest that the fatigue life of hybrid joints is superior to adhesive bonded joints, and these in turn much better than conventional riveted joints. Thanks to the fact that, for hybrid joints, the adhesive bond provides better load distribution and ensures load-carrying capacity in the event of premature adhesive failure while rivets induce compressive residual stresses in the joint. Results from FE tool ABAQUS analysis for adhesive bonded and hybrid joints agrees with the experiments. From the analysis, the energy release rate for adhesive bonded joints is higher than that of hybrid joints in both opening (mode I) and shear direction (mode II). Most joints show higher energy release rate in mode II. This indicates that the joints experience fatigue crack in the shear direction, which is responsible for crack opening.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2012

Background The elasticity of the back skin of the rat reduced the tension around wounds during the wound healing process in that region, and thus activates wound contraction. The authors proposed two skin fixation methods using readily available materials to decrease the influence of wound contraction on wound healing and designed an experiment to determine their effects. Methods The authors made 36 skin wounds on the backs of 18 rats, and they divided them into three groups. Each group was treated with three different kinds of dressing materials, each with different skin fixing characteristics. Group A was a control group. Group B and group C were dressed by the first and the second skin fixation method. We measured the areas of the wounds post-surgically and calculated the wound area reduction rates. Results The two skin fixation methods both reduced the effect of wound contraction compared to the control group. Each of the two methods had different outcomes in reducing wound contraction. Conclusions The experiment demonstrated significant differences among the wound areas and the wound area reduction rates of the three groups as a result of differences in the degree of wound contraction. To obtain accurate results from wound healing experiments, appropriate skin fixation methods must be adopted.