• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2004

피부 세포는 외부의 유해 요소 즉, 스트레스 환경에 노출되었을 때 세포 자신을 보호하기 위하여 다양한 방어 및 복구 체계를 가지고 있는데 그 중 하나가 보호단백질인 열충격단백질 70 kDa의 발현이다 Glucuronic acid를 피부세포에 다양한 농도로 전처리한 다음 유해자극(열, 활성산소)을 주었을 경우, western blottting을 통해 $0.12\%$ 농도에서 세포 내 열충격단백질이 발현됨을 알 수 있었다 그리고 confocal microscopy 및 세포생존율 실험을 이용하여 열 및 활성 산소에 대한 우수한 세포보호 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 마우스 피부를 이용하여 glucuronic acid 및 수중유(O/W)형 에멀젼에 적용하였을 때 경피 흡수 양상을 비교한 결과, glucuronic acid는 빠른 경피흡수거동을 보였다(투과속도 $0.83114 mg/cm^2/h,$ 지연시간 1.2 h, 분배계수 0.114). 에멀젼에서는 투과속도는 $0.04153{\;}{\mu}g/cm^{2}/h,$ 누적투과량은 $1456.25{\;}{\mu}g/cm^{2}$로 감소하였지만 지연시간은 2.48 h으로 증가하였고 지속적인 경피흡수(서방성)를 보였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.683-691
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 온도조건 별로 밀도요동 초임계 유체를 이용하여 추출한 대마종자 추출물의 수율 측정과 생리활성능을 평가하고, 리포좀 제형으로 난용성 추출물의 용해를 가능하게 하여 경피투과도를 증진시키는 데 있다. 수율 측정 결과, 60℃로 추출한 대마종자가 가장 높게 나타났고, 항산화 실험에서 total polyphenol content assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS+ radical scavenging assay 결과, 최고농도에서 45℃ 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량과 radical 소거능이 가장 크게 나타났다. 항균실험 결과, P ropionibacteium acnes 균주에서만 clear zone이 나타났다. 추출물을 3차 정제수에 용해시킨 제형보다 리포좀으로 캡슐화한 제형에서 particle size의 감소와 zeta potential의 절댓값 증가를 확인하여 제형 안정성을 확인하였고, 경피투과도의 증진 또한 확인하였다. 이러한 실험결과를 바탕으로 난용성인 초임계 대마종자 추출물을 화장품의 기능성 천연물 소재로써 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2002

Transdermal permeation enhancer has been used to increased skin absorption. External control of drug release and skin absorption can also be achieved by iontophoresis or phonophoresis. However, because several problems with iontophoresis are that it has a risk to skin damage because of the change of pH and the increase of current density in applying it and that it can be applied only in the form of water solution, This study is to enhance drug permeation via skin following application of ultrasound. For this goal, in gel containing piroxicam, the degree of skin permeation in vitro and anti-inflammatory effect in in vivo were investigated. Permeation study using hairless mouse skin was performed at 37 $^{\circ}C$ using buffer saline as the receptor solution. The amount of piroxicam were quantified using a HPLC system consisting of solvent delivery system. Following adoption of ultrasound 1 MHZ, it showed relatively high permeation rate where it was compared with non treated by ultrasound. The influence of duty cycle having an effect on skin permeation rate was slight higher in the case of using pulsed mode. Skin permeation increase attended by intensity of ultrasound, the permeation of trice was accelerated at 2.0 W/$cm^{2}$ than 1.0 W/$cm^{2}$. The skin permeation of piroxicam was substantially influenced by ultrasound. Anti-inflammatory effects were determined using carrageenan-induced paw swelling method in SD rat. Paw swelling tests showed that pulsed phonophoresis group was more effective than control group and only gel application group. The conclusion of phonophoresis was found to improve significantly the skin permeation in vitro and the anti-inflammatory effect in vivo.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

In order to reduce the systemic side effects and gastrointestinal irritation after its oral adminitration, ketoprofen was formulated as water-soluble packs. The effects of fatty acids and fatty alcohols on the penetration of ketoprofen through excised rat skins were evaluated. The role of stratum corneum as a protective barrier was also investigated. Fatty acids and fatty alcohols were generally effective in promoting ketoprofen penetration. The flux of ketoprofen through rat skin was maximized when oleic acid or lauryl alcohol was used as an enhancer. As the concentration of fatty acids and fatty alcohols varied from 0% to 10%, the amounts of ketoprofen penetrated were in direct proportion to that of fatty acids but those had no relationship with that of fatty alcohols. The penetration of ketoprofen through stripped skin was enhanced compared to normal skin irrespective of enhancer type, which indicated that the action site of enhancers would be stratum corneum.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salt formation on the percutaneous absorption of meloxicam through hairless mouse skin from a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) matrix. In addition, the influences of enhancers on the permeation of meloxicam or meloxicam-ethanolamine (MX-EA) salts across the hairless mouse skin were evaluated using a flow-through diffusion cell system. The salt formation of meloxicam resulted in lower permeation rate than the parent drug. $Span^{(R)}$ 80 provided the highest enhancing effect for meloxicam and meloxicam monoethanolamine salt. The maximum amount of the drug that can be loaded without retarding permeation rate was different depending on the compound. No relationship was found between the fluxes of meloxicam or MX-EA salts from saturated solutions and those from PSA matrices containing the same enhancer.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

비타민 C는 강력한 환원제로서 멜라닌 색소의 합성을 저해하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 일반적인 화장품 제형에서는 낮은 안정성과 경피 흡수의 문제점으로 만족할 만한 효과를 나타내지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 안정성이 개선된 비타민 C의 유도체인 ascorbyl glucoside (AsAG)을 유효성분으로 하여 경피흡수를 증가시키고자 하였다. 본 실험에서는 유연하면서도 박막 형태의 배터리를 장착한 패치 화장품을 제조하고 안정성과 경피흡수성을 평가하였다. 피부에 낮은 전류를 증가하는 이온토포레시스를 활용하여 피부에 적용하는 전류의 세기를 증가시키면 물질의 경피흡수는 증가한다. 그러나 전류의 세기를 증가시키면 피부 부작용이 증가하기 때문에 본 연구에서는 한국인의 피부에 맞는 적절한 전류를 선택하여 피부 부작용을 최소화하였다. 이런 결과들을 바탕으로 유연하면서도 가벼운 박막 배터리를 개발하였으며, 2%의 AsAG을 함유한 이온토포레시스 패치의 안전성, 경피흡수정도, 미백효과 등을 검토한 결과 피부에 가하는 최적의 전류는 1.5 V의 배터리를 사용하여 피부 부작용과 경피흡수를 고려하여 평균 0.1 mA이었다. 또한 패치의 임상실험 결과 유의한 수준의 미백효과를 보였으며 피부 자극도도 통상의 화장품 수준을 나타냈다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2001

Transdermal drug delivery offers various advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, such as avoidance gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic first-pass effect. encourages patient compliance. and possible sustained release of drugs. However, transdermal transport of drugs is low permeability of the stratum corneum, the superficial layer of the skin. Many physicochemical and biological factors influencing transdermal transport is described together with the corresponding experimental and clinical results. Phonophoresis is medical treatment with drugs introduced into the skin by ultrasound energy. Enhanced drug penetration is through to result from the biophysical alterations of skin structure by ultrasound waves. The frequency used for phonophoresis is usually from 20 kHz to 15MHz. Phonophoresis can be categorized in to three ranges: low-frequency range(below 1 MHz). therapeutic frequency range(1 to 3MHz), and high-frequency range(above 3 MHz). The depth of penetration of ultrasound into skin is inversely proportional to the frequency. Cavitation may cause mechanical stress. temperature elevation, or enhanced chemical reactivity causing drug transport. One theory is that ultrasound affects the permeation of the stratum corneum lipid structure as the limiting step in permeating through the skin. The range of indications for phonophoresis is wide. Aspecific classification of the range of indications is obtained by classification of pathological conditions. The continuous research is needed for many interesting issucs of phonophoretic transdermal delivory in new future.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1987

In order to evaluate the artificial skin for burn would covering materials, copoly(N. carbobenzoxy-L-Iysine-L-leucine)s were prepared by Ipolymerization of N - carbobenzoxy-L- I sine anhydride and L-leucine anhydride in homogeneous solvents using triethylamine as an initiator. The synthetic polypeptides and the oxter type polyurethane(PV)of medical grade were used as the sheet type membranes were prepared ; monolayer membrances were composed of only the polypeptides, bilayer membranes and blend membranes were controlled by composition of the polypeptides and PU. Test of the swelling degree, mechanical tensile strength, elongation, oxygen permeability, water-vapor loss and In vitro degradation treated by pretense TV of samples of artificial skin were measured by adequate methods so as to mechanical, physincal characterization and biodegradation. As a result, all the values of samples were found to be similar to desired value of skin which was nature. The Artificial skin based on polypeptides can be considered as ideal burn wound covering materials.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.242-244
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• 1995

In vitro cell culture system has been proposed as a promising alternative model to in vivo skin irritation test. These studies were performed to screen the cytotoxicity effects of surfactants using normal human skin fibroblasts. Cell membrane integrity assessed by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial integrity by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromides reduction test were affected in a dose dependent manner. The irritation potential of surfactants to human skin patch test, and the changes of capillary permeability by rabbit intradermal safety test were assessed as in vivo methods. Our results suggest that LDH leakage assay and MTT reduction test using cultured human fibroblasts could be predictive for the irritancy of various surfactants in human, and LDH assay is superior correlated with in vivo test (r=0.886) to MTT test with in vivotest (r=0.757).

• 폴리머
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 pH 감응성 수화젤 입자를 이용하여 외부환경에 불안정한 활성물질을 화장품 제형 내에서는 안정하게 보존하고, 피부에 도포 시 빠른 방출로 피부에 흡수될 수 있는 지능형 전달시스템의 구현 가능성을 확인하기 위하여, 분산광중합을 이용하여 pH 감응성을 가지는 P(MAA-co-PEGMA) 수화젤 입자를 평균 크기 약 $2{\mu}m$의 구형 입자로 합성하였다. 합성된 P(MAA-co-PEGMA) 수화젤 입자는 수화젤의 MAA에 존재하는 카르복시기의 이온화에 의하여 pH 5를 전후로 한 급격한 팽윤비의 변화를 보여주었다. pH에 따른 수화젤 내부에 탑재된 알부민의 방출 및 피부투과 실험결과, P(MAA-co-PEGMA) 수화젤 입자는 pH 4.0에서는 소량의 알부민이 방출되어 피부 투과가 거의 일어나지 않은 반면, pH 6.0에서는 초기부터 다량의 알부민이 방출되어 상대적으로 높은 피부투과율을 나타내었다. 펩신을 이용한 알부민의 안정성 실험결과, P(MAA-co-PEGMA) 수화젤은 내부에 탑재된 알부민을 외부 환경으로부터 보호하여 알부민의 안정성을 유지시켜 주었다.