• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2001

피혁 공정 중 가죽의 최종 두께(Thickness) 조절을 위하여 필수 불가결하게 발생되는 공정 폐기물인 Shaving scrap은 중금속인 Cr을 함유한 유기성 폐기물로 환경적인 문제를 유발하고 있다. 본 연구는 Cr을 함유한 피혁 폐기물로부터 Cr을 제거한 다음 농업용으로 사용 가능한 Gelatin 획득 연구에 중점을 두고 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 Shaving scrap은 Cr을 함유하고 있어 일반 나피(Limed pelt)보다 온도, 열 및 물리 화학적인 측면 등에서 안정성을 가지고 있으므로 Gelatin 획득시 Cr 제거와 동시에 점도(Viscosity) 및 젤리 강도(Jelly strength) 등의 물성 저하 방지가 필수적으로 요구되었다. 이와 같은 요구 조건 만족을 위해 추출 온도, 추출 시간, 추출 속도, 처리 약품 등의 변화를 통해 Cr 제거 및 Gelatin 획득을 효과적으로 이룰 수 있었으며, 그 결과 10ppm 미만의 Cr을 함유한 Gelatin으로 평균 분자량 130,000Da. 이상, 점도 30mps 이상, 젤리 강도 100g 이상의 물성을 갖는 Gelatin의 획득이 가능하였다. 이러한 방법에 의하여 획득된 Gelatin은 향후 단백질원으로 농업용 토질 개량제 및 비료 입자의 표면 Coating을 통한 지효성 유기질 비료(Nitrogen-release fertilizer)의 원료 등 다양한 기능성 Gelatin 원료로 활용 가능하리라 기대되었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-49
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• 2012

Purpose: The forehead flap is the workhorse in nasal reconstruction, which provides a similar skin color, texture, structure, and reliability. There are some disadvantages, including donor site morbidities, 2- or 3-stage operations, and postoperative management after initial flap transfer. Furthermore, there has been little attention to the exposed raw surface wound, after the first stage of an operation. This article describes the authors' modification to overcome this problem, using artificial collagen membrane. Methods: An Artificial collagen membrane is composed of an outer silicone membrane and an inner collagen layer. After a forehead flap elevation, the expected raw surface was covered by an artificial collagen membrane with 5-0 nylon suture. A simple dressing, which had been applied to the site, was changed every 2 or 3 days in an outpatient unit. At 3 weeks postprocedure, a second stage operation was performed. Results: With biosynthetic protection of the raw surface, there were no wound problems, such as infection or flap loss. Thus, the patient was satisfied due to an effortless management of the wound and a reduction in pain. Conclusion: The application of an artificial collagen membrane to the raw under-surface of the flap could be a comfortable and a protective choice for this procedure.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Background: The ear is composed of elastic cartilage as its framework, and is covered with a thin layer of skin. Auricular reconstruction using autogenous cartilage in microtia patients requires delicacy. This paper reports clinical experiences related to elevation of reconstructed ear in the last 11 years. Methods: This study was based on 68 congenital microtia patients who underwent auricular elevation in our hospital. Among these 68 patients, 47 patients were recruited. We compared the differences in the ear size, auriculocephalic angle, and conchal depth with those in the opposite ear, and the patients' satisfaction levels were investigated using a survey. Results: The difference in the sizes of the two ears was less than or equal to 5 mm in 32 patients, 5 to 10 mm in 10 patients, and greater than or equal to 10 mm in 5 patients. The difference in the auriculocephalic angles of the two ears was less than or equal to 10 degrees in 14 patients, 10 to 20 degrees in 26 patients, and greater than or equal to 20 degrees in 7 patients. The difference in the conchal depths of the two ears was less than or equal to 5 mm in 24 patients, 5 to 10 mm in 19 patients, and greater than or equal to 10 mm in 4 patients. The average grade of 3.9 points out of 5 points was obtained by the patients with satisfactory surveys. Conclusion: We could make enough protrusion and maintain the three-dimensional shape for a long time to satisfy our patients.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2018

A new procedure to produce poly(vinylidene fluoride)/boron nitride hybrid membrane is presented for application in membrane distillation (MD) process. The influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) incorporation on the performance of the polymeric membranes is studied through the present investigation. For this aim, h-BN nanopowders were successfully synthesized using the simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route and subsequent solvent treatments. The resulting h-BN nanosheets were blended with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) solution. Then, the prepared composite solution was subjected to phase inversion process to obtain PVDF/h-BN hybrid membranes. Various examinations such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wettability, permeation flux, mechanical strength and liquid entry pressure (LEP) measurements are performed to evaluate the prepared membrane. Moreover, Air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) experiments were carried out to investigate the salt rejection performance and the durability of membranes. The results show that our hybrid PVDF/h-BN membrane presents higher water permeation flux (${\sim}18kg/m^2h$) compared to pristine PVDF membrane. In addition, the experimental data confirms that the prepared nanocomposite membrane is hydrophobic (water contact angle: ${\sim}103^{\circ}$), has a porous skin layer (>85%), as well competitive fouling resistance and operational durability. Furthermore, the total salt rejection efficiency was obtained for PVDF/h-BN membrane. The results prove that the novel PVDF/h-BN membrane can be easily synthesized and applied in MD process for salt rejection purposes.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1985

Keloids are abnormally healed skin wounds that develop in the subpapillary layer of the dermis. They are a lesion with wide, raised and deep scars. They exceed the original dimensions of the wound and grow mounds upon mounds of collagen in a pseudotumor fashion. Their treatment may take several forms such as surgery, intralesional injection of steroid, compression, superficial irradiation, and combination therapy. However, absolute method is nothing until now. Recently, the cryosurgery shows relatively good effect in treatment, so we tried the clinical experience with cryosurgery in the treatment of keloids. Material and methods: During the past 2 years, we treated 20 individuals of the keloids with severe itching and pain. The age ranged from 5 to 45 years old. Only 6 cases were biopsied before and after cryotherapy. The cryosurgery set we used was Toitu model CR 201 $N_2O$ gas (tip temperature is $-80^{\circ}C$) and was applied directly on the lesion about 4 to 5 minutes with slight compression. After cryosurgery in keloids, the following results were obtained: 1. It is both quick and easy method. 2. It causes little or no pain and no loss of blood. 3. Integumentary normalization is rapid. The new scar tissue is smaller, and more elastic and soft. 4. The pain, itching and paresthesia commonly associated with keloid is usually disappeared. 5. Other treatment can be used after cryosurgery. 6. Histologic picture after cryosurgery is similar with the result of steroid injection. 7. The mechanism of the cryosurgery in keloids is the result of the direct tissue destroying action and cryoimmunologic reaction.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

용융 흐름성이 다른 폴리프로필렌(Polypropylene, PP)을 에틸렌-프로필렌 고무(EPR) 또는 에틸렌-프로필렌-디엔 단량체 고무(EPDM) 및 카르복실산 그룹을 갖고 있는 에틸렌 공중합체와 이축 압출기로 용융 혼합한 후 사출성형으로 고분자 블렌드 시편을 제조하였다. 제조된 블렌드의 기계적 특성과 시편의 두께 방향에 따른 모폴로지 변화를 조사하였으며 적외선 분광법(ATR-IR)을 이용하여 표면에서의 카르복실산 그룹의 상대적 피크 크기를 비교하였다. 단면의 모폴로지 조사에서 중앙부에는 PP 연속상에 고무 도메인이 골고루 혼합되어 있지만 표면쪽은 PP가 층을 이루고 있는 경사구조가 관찰되었다. PP의 흐름성이 클수록 블렌드의 인장강도 및 충격강도가 작아졌으며 EPR보다 EPDM을 고무성분으로 사용한 PP계 블렌드가 PP의 흐름성에 대한 영향을 적게 받았다. 또한 PP의 흐름성이 클수록 카르복실산 그룹이 표면에 많이 존재하였다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2020

Objective: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a major sequela after surgery or radiotherarpy for breast cancer. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is designed to reduce lymph swelling by facilitating lymphatic drainage. This study attempted to determine the histologic changes in the skin and subcutaneous layer, and the immediate effect of MLD in decreasing lymphedema using ultrasound imaging, which is the method used most commonly to eliminate BCRL. Design: A single-group experimental study. Methods: Five subjects who were diagnosed with hemiparetic upper extremity lymphedema more than six months after breast cancer surgery participated in the study. MLD was performed for 60 minutes in the order of the thorax, breast, axilla, and upper arm of the affected side. In order to determine the effect of MLD, ultrasound imaging and limb volume were assessed. Two measurement tools were used for asessing lymphedema thickness among the pretest, posttest, and 30-minute follow-up period. Results: Significant diferences in ultrasound imaging and upper limb volume were found between the affected side and non-affected side (p<0.05). On the affected side, although ultrasound imaging showed a significant decrease after MLD (p<0.05), there were no significant difference in upper limb volume when compared to the baseline. Conclusions: In this study, a significant decrease in lymphedema by MLD was demonstrated by ultrasound imaging, which is considered to be more useful in assessing histological changes than limb volume measurements. Further research on the protocol for eliminating lymphedema will be needed.

• 멤브레인
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 셀룰로오스 트리아세테이트(CTA) 고분자를 이용한 중공사형 분리막을 상분리법에 의해 제조하였으며, 제조된 중공사 분리막의 기체분리 성능을 평가하였다. 제조된 중공사형 분리막의 기체분리 특성을 부여하기 위해서 1,4-dioxane을 10 wt.% 내외로 첨가하였다. 1,4-dioxane의 첨가에 의해 중공사 표면에 치밀층 형성을 위해서는 1,4-dioxane이 표면에서 증발되는 것이 필수적이며, 이를 위해 air-gap의 조절에 의해 중공사 표면에 치밀층이 생성되도록 하였다. 제조된 CTA 중공사형 기체분리막의 표면 및 단면의 모폴로지 측정을 위하여 전자주사현미경을 사용하였다. 또한 CTA 중공사형 기체분리막의 산소, 질소, 이산화탄소에 대한 기체투과도를 측정하였으며, 이 때 $P_{CO2}$ = 17 GPU, ${\alpha}_{CO2/N2}$ = 48을 나타내었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

돌돔의 피부는 크게 상피층과 진피층으로 구분되며, 상피층은 지지세포, 선세포 및 부속세포로 구성된다. 지지세포는 표면세포, 중간세포 및 기저세포, 선세포는 점액세포와 곤봉상세포, 그리고 부속세포는 염세포가 관찰된다. 표면세포는 편평형 또는 입방형으로서 타원형의 핵을 가지고, 미세융기(microridge)들이 발달되어 있으며 glycocalyx가 관찰된다. 중간세포는 타원형에 가깝고 원형에 가까운 핵을 가진다. 기저세포는 원주형으로서 핵은 세포질의 상부에 위치한다. 점액세포는 타원형으로 세포질은 타원형의 분비과립이 대부분을 차지하며, AB-PAS (pH 2.5)에 청색으로 반응하였다. 곤봉상세포는 세포질에 많은 액포와 미세섬유다발을 관찰할 수 있다. 부속세포인 염세포 세포질의 대부분이 미토콘드리아로 가득 채워져 있다. 색소세포는 세포질에 전자밀도가 높은 색소과립들을 함유한 종류와 반사소판을 함유한 종류로 구분된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.176-180
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• 2007

Purpose: Pitanguy conducted a series of anatomical studies on "dermocartilaginous ligament" of the nose. However, information on its structure is as yet insufficient, especially in terms of its origin, insertion, and relationships with surrounding tissues. In addition, some of the histologic findings described by Pitanguy are controversial. The present study was undertaken to clarify the anatomy of the "dermocartilaginous ligament". Methods: Sixteen cadaver noses were examined macroscopically and histologically to determine the presence, origin, insertion, composition, and relationship of the "dermocartilaginous ligament" with surrounding structures. Results: The structure originated from the deep layer of the transverse nasalis muscle and terminated at the caudal edge of the septal cartilage in all 16 cadavers. However, in three cadavers the insertion extended to the orbicularis oris muscle. No direct connection was found between the structure and dermis of dorsal nasal skin. The dermocartilaginous ligaments were mainly composed of a condensation of thin collagen bundles, which were interwoven and without any regular orientation. Elastic fibers were also present in small numbers, and there were few amorphous ground substances. Neither muscle fibers nor chondrocytes was identified within dermocartilaginous ligaments. Conclusion: Our macroscopic and histologic findings of the structure do not support the use of the term "dermocartilaginous ligament". According to its origin, insertion, and histologic findings, we recommend that this structure be referred to as the "median musculocartilaginous fascia".