• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.941-945
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• 2015

We examined the in vivo efficacy of ultra-high molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (UHMW γ-PGA) for wound healing. The wound area was measured by a ruler and documented by digital photography before the animals were sacrificed at days 8 and 16 post wounding. The areas of wounds treated with UHMW γ-PGA were significantly decreased on days 8 and 16, as compared with those receiving a control treatment, and more than 70% of the UHMW γ-PGAtreated area was repaired by day 8. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed that the epidermis had regenerated in the UHMW γ-PGA-treated wounds. At 16 days post wounding, collagen pigmentation and cross-linking were increased as compared with the control groups, and greater regeneration of blood vessels had occurred in UHMW γ-PGA-treated groups. Increased levels of transforming growth factor-beta and β-catenin were also observed in skin samples collected from UHMW γ-PGA-treated animals on days 8 and 16 post incision. Taken together, these findings suggest that UHMW γ-PGA promotes wound healing in vivo.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

After studying the cause and mechanism of the itching with the perspective of chronic medical books including Neijing, and the annotators, the conclusions are as follows. 1. The itching, which has correlation with the heart, is the deficiency symptom(虛症). It is generated when the lung-metal(肺金) is infected by the fire pathogen(火邪) and developed to depression(鬱), because of the heart fire flaming upward of circuit year(歲火太過). The treatment is to make metal depression scatter(金鬱泄之). 2. The itching occurs between the dermis(膚) and the epidermis(皮). 3. The itching generates when the excess of yang exuberance(熱盛極) precede the transmission of the wind-heats(風熱), the wind-cold(風寒), and the wind-dampness(風濕). It causes the blood deficiency(血虛) and the blood stasis(血瘀) because of the skin dryness. 4. The itching usually generates during summer, causes the body fever(身熱) and the dermis pain(膚痛). When it becomes worse, it causes generalized itching and vesicles at the whole body(浸淫). 5. The itching is related to the spirit(魄), which works in unconsciousness and the movement of defense qi(衛氣) in night.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.508-517
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of Hangryunhaedocktang (HHT) on epidermal damages induced by allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The sensitization were caused by one application of $25{\mu}l$ of 5% 2,4-dinitroch1orobenzene (DNCB) onto a back-lumbar skin of BALB/c mice. 2 weeks later, ACD was elicitated with $4{\mu}l$ of 2.5% DNCB and then mice were given HHT extract in doses of 3.3ml/kg/day, for 72 hours. The ACD induced epidermal damages in HHT treated ACD mice was more mitigated than non-treated ACD elicited mice. The features related with epidermal damage such as epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase of nuclear shrinkages and vacuolation, and enlargement of intercellular space softened. And the distribution of soybean agglutinin (SBA) positive reaction in stratum spinosum (SS) and stratum basale (SB) were similarly maintained in a normal configuration. The numerical decrease of BrdU, TUNEL, and Fas positive cells observed were prominent in SB. Results suggest a benefit role for HHT in mitigating epidermal damages in mice with allergic contact dermatitis.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.521-527
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• 1998

The turnover of epidermal cells after seawater adaptation of the freshwater fishwas studied in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) by means of Proliferating cell nucleus antigen (PCNA) immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The number of PCNA-immunoreactive cells in the epidermis of the seawater-adapted guppies, which becomes thinner than that in the fresh-water, generally increases four times as much. Degeneration of filament-containing cells by necrosis or apoptosis occurs mainly in epidermal cells. Apoptotic filament-containing cells seem to be shed into the water in the environment instead of phagocytosis by adjacent macrophages. The apoptotic chloride cell has a highly condensed cytoplasm and the lumen of tubular system is distended. The apoptotic mucous cell, which has an electron-dense cytoplasm, is characterized by the presence of a large multivesicular body of different electron densities. Macrophages contain many electron-dense lysosomal bodies and large vesicles filled with cellular debris. It is concluded that mitosis and apoptosis of epidermal cells are greatly stimulated when fish are adapting to seawater. This result reflects an increase in epidermal cell turnover by change of environmental salinity.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권1호통권32호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2007

Background and Objective : Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by angiogenesis. It has been reported that growth factor as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II are overexpressed in psoriatic epidermis. This stydy was carried out for whether SB extracts have an anti-angiogenic effect for angiogenic factor. Method : To investigate the inhibitory effect of VEGF expression by the SB extracts, we performed MTS assay, western blots using HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were pretreated with SB extracts for 1 hour followed by treatment with IGF-II. Result : SB extracts significantly reduced IGF-II induced HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ protein level via p53 and MAPK pathway in HaCaT cells. Also, SB extracts inhibited IGF-II induced VEGF mRNA and protein expression levels in the HaCaT keratinocytes. Conclusion : These results suggest that inhibition of HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ and VEGF expressions by SB extracts contributes to the anti-angiogenic effects.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.660-662
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• 2009

Purpose: There are several modalities to reattach the amputated auricle. Microvascular replantation can achieve the best outcome, but technically difficult. Conventional composite graft is technically easy, but uniformly unsuccessful. Our successful experience of reattachment using postauricular subcutaneous pocket is presented. Methods: The amputated tissue was placed in its anatomical position with buried sutures. The amputated part is dermabraded to remove the epidermis and outer layer of dermis(Fig. 1, Center, left). Postauricular skin flap was then raised and the reattached dermabraded ear was buried beneath the flap(Fig. 1, Center, right). Two weeks after the original surgery, the buried ear was removed from its pocket (Fig. 1, Below, left). Results: The ear was reepithelialized spontaneously in 7 days. At 3 months, the reattached ear has satisfactory appearance without contour deformity(Fig. 1, Below, right). Conclusion: This technique provides increase in contact surface between the amputated segment and the surrounding tissues which supply blood, serum, oxygen and nutrients, maximizing the probability of "take". Minimally injured dermis can be healed from spontaneous reepithelialization and provides minimal contour deformity. We have used this non-microsurgical technique with very satisfying outcome.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

The effect of DHU001, a mixed herbal formula consisted of 7 types aqueous extracts for various respiratory disorders were evaluated on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis, type I allergic model. Contact dermatitis was induced by sensitization with dinitrophenyl-derivatized ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) and DNFB challenge as antigen. Two different dosages of DHU001 (300 and 150 mg/kg) were orally administered to DNP-OVA sensitization mice once a day for 7 days with reference material, dexamethasone (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal treatment). End of 7 days oral administration of DHU001 extracts or intraperitoneal treatment of dexamethasone, the changes on the edematous changes and scratching behavior were measured. Immediate after DNFB challenge on ear or paw of DNP-OVA sensitized mice, increases of ear and paw thicknesses and weights were detected with anterior ear skin (dermis to epidermis) thickness and paw scratching behavior increases. However, these contact dermatitis signs induced by DNFB treatment were reduced by treatment of the both different dosages of DHU001 and dexamethasone, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest that oral treatment of DHU001 extracts also has relatively favorable effects on contact dermatitis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1999

melatonin (MLT), N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is mainly secreted by the pineal gland. The ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) and 1H-NMR spectra of irradiated and non-irradiated MLT were measured, and phototoxicity tests of MLT, anthracence (positive control) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, negative control) were performed. The methods employed include both in vitro test such as MTS assay using the human fibroblast cell and yeast growth inhibition assay using Candida albicans and in vivo method using the skin of guinea pig. UV absorption spectra and 1H-NMR spectra of MLT were changed by UVA (365 nm, 15 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$), but IR spectra of MLT were not changed. The fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) ratio (UV-/UV+) of MLT was 10. The inhibition zone of irradiated-paper disks treated with MLT was not observed. According to the results of histophathological examination, no pathologic lesion was observed in the non-irradiated group, but slight degeneration of keratinocytes in the epidermis, homorrhage and vasodilation in dermis were observed in the irradiated group. These results indicated that the molecular structure of MLT is altered by UVA to unidentified photoproducts and a moderate phototoxicity of MLT is predicted.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권s01호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1988

Ginseng has been used as a medicinal herb in the world for more than two thousand years. Inspection of the quality of ginseng was made since many hundred years ago. Ginseng quality has been graded by several methodes, based on saponin contents, number of ginsenosides, shape of root and tissue elaborateness. In present. ginseng products are usually evaluated by saponin contents and number of ginsenosides. On the other hand, fresh and manufactured ginseng roots such as red. white and semi-red ginseng, Taegeuk Sam, are mostly graded by root shape such as root development and skin (epidermis) color, and tissue elaborateness. which is a conventional grading method. However, the root shape grading method has a risk of overlooking real medicinal properties of ginseng. So. both the medicinal ingredients and the conventional grading method should be considered for the proper evaluation of ginseng quality. Therefore, for the establishment of better method in evaluating ginseng quality, the relationships of root shape and useful components are required to be studied.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2019

Periorbital melasma is often refractory to treatment and highly associated with rebound hyperpigmentation or mottled hypopigmentation after laser treatment in Asian patients. In this report, we describe 2 patients with cluster-1 periorbital melasma and 1 patient with cluster-2 periorbital melasma who experienced remarkable clinical improvements after microwave-generated, atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal nitrogen plasma treatments. All patients exhibited limited clinical responses after combination treatments with topical bleaching agents, systemic oral tranexamic acid, and low-fluenced Q-switched neodymium (Nd):yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) lasers. Low-energy nitrogen plasma treatment at 0.75 J elicited remarkable clinical improvement in the periorbital melasma lesions without post-laser therapy rebound hyperpigmentation and mottled hypopigmentation. We deemed that a single pass of nitrogen plasma treatment at 0.75 J induces mild microscopic thermal tissue coagulation and modification within the epidermis while preserving the integrity of the basement membrane in patients with periorbital melasma. Accordingly, nitrogen plasma-induced dermal tissue regeneration could play a role in the treatment of melasma lesions.