• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of paprika and spirulina as carotenoid sources with three different levels on survival and skin color development of swiri. Fish (initial mean weight 4.4 g) were fed the diets containing different levels of paprika (2, 5 and 10%), spirulina (5, 10 and 20%) and mixture of 5% paprika and 10% spirulina and without supplementation (con) for 9 weeks. Survival of fish fed diets containing the various levels of spirulina was 100% and higher than that of fish fed the other diets. Total carotenoid contents of the skin and fin in fish fed the diets containing the various levels of paprika and spirulina were higher than those in fish fed the control diet. Total carotenoid contents of skin and fin in fish fed the diets containing 5% and 10% paprika tended to be higher than that in fish fed the diet containing 2% paprika. Total carotenoid contents of fish fed the diets containing 10% and 20% spirulina tended to be higher than that of fed the diet containing 5% spirulina. The apparent color definition of skin and fin in fish fed the diets containing paprika and spirulina was better than fish fed the control diet. The results of this study suggest that dietary supplementation with paprika and spirulina can improve skin coloration of swiri.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

For the development of functional food and cosmetics using hot water extract of Muraenesox cinereus's skin, contents of vitamin, amino acid and element, and antioxidant activity were investigated. The results are shown as follows: among vitamins, A(0.21mg/100 g), C (78.12mg/100 g), $D_3$ (0.03 mg/100 g), E (1.97 mg/100 g) and Niacin (2.53mg/100 g) were detected, respectively.Mineral contents were an order of K > P > Na > Mg > Ca > Fe and Zn. Contents of total amino acids were an order of Pro > Gly > Arg > Glu > Phe > Ala. Especially, the sum of total amino acids was 27.17 mg/100 mL, which was about 4.0 fold higher than that of free amino acid. DPPH radical scavenging activity of hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin at 25 mg/mL was 63.5% and did not increase at above 50 mg/mL. Activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of ethanol-treated rats using hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin were investigated. Compared to control group, activities of ADH and GSH-px were decreased. In the case of CAT and SOD activity, they were increased. These results showed that the hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin can be applied to raw macterial for functional food and cosmetics.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.589-597
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the acne care improvement effects of natural cosmetics with distilled bamboo vinegar contents and develop the materials for acne cosmetics. For the research subjects, 20 teenage boys and girls were selected and based on random number table, 10 subjects were assigned in the control group that used natural cosmetics (foam cleanser, toner, facial pack) and 10 subjects were assigned in the experimental group that used natural cosmetics with distilled bamboo vinegar contents (foam cleanser, toner, facial pack). The natural cosmetics was used for 12 weeks, and Mark-·Vu facial analysis system was used to measure the sebum, pore size, and redness before using the natural cosmetics, 6 weeks after using the natural cosmetics, and 12 weeks after using the natural cosmetics. For the collected data, SPSS v. 21.0 statistics package program was used for the analysis, and the results are as follows. First, it is a safe natural cosmetics based on the results of the patch test to confirm the skin safety of the natural cosmetics. Second, homogeneity was secured based on the results of the test of homogeneity for the sebum, pore size, and redness of the control group and experimental group. Third, in the verification of acne skin improvement effects of natural cosmetics with distilled bamboo vinegar content, the experimental group had higher reduction rate of changes in the sebum, pore size, and redness on the forehead and right cheek compared to the control group. Therefore, it was identified that the natural cosmetics with distilled bamboo liquid content is safe for the skin and effective for reducing the sebum, pore size, and redness for acne skin. For this reason, it is anticipated for distilled bamboo vinegar to be used in the cosmetics industry.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.517-521
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• 2004

The total phenolic contents and antioxidative activities of the ethanol and methanol extracts from 9 Korean medicinal herbs were tested for the application of skin care products such as soaf and lotion. For the evaluation of antioxidative activity of the extract the method of electron donating ability with resolution reagent DPPH(1 ,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) and TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value were used in comparison with α-tocopherol and BHA. As the results, the total phenolic contents of the extracts calculated as chlorogenic acid were ranged from 0.063-0.124 mg/ml. All the medicinal plant extracts showed some appreciable antioxidative effects. Among them, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Cinnamomum cassia and Caesalpinia sappan were shown to have relatively high antioxidative effects comparable with BHA and α-tocopherol..

• ALGAE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

Methanol crude extract of the sea grass Zostera marina L. and organic solvent fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) were screened for antioxidant activity (total phenolic contents, DPPH scavenging activity, and reducing power) and antimicrobial activity against three human skin pathogens, two bacteria and a yeast; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. Total phenolic contents and 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were highest in the ethyl acetate fraction with 968.50 $\mu$g gallic acid equivalent per milligram of extract, and ca. 95% scavenging activity on the DPPH radicals at 10 mg $ml^{-1}$. In antimicrobial activity tests, MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of each Zostera marina extract partitioned ranged from 1mg to 8 mg $ml^{-1}$ (extract/ 10% DMSO) against all three human skin pathogens. The MICs of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were the same with 1 mg $ml^{-1}$ against S. aureus and C. albicans. The ethyl acetate fraction of Z. marina does protect against free radicals and may be used to inhibit the growth of human skin pathogens.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.150-159
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• 2021

Anti-melanogenesis and skin anti-wrinkle effects of methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum were investigated in this study. The total phenolic contents of the ME and HE of the mushroom were 11.68 and 3.15 ㎍ GAEs/mg, respectively, whereas the total flavonoid contents of the ME and HE were 21.82 and 2.69 ㎍ QEs/mg, respectively. The survival rate of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells treated with 750 ㎍ ME and HE were 83.46% and 85.54%, respectively, thereby suggesting that mushroom extracts were slightly cytotoxic at the tested concentration. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibition by ME (83.15%) and HE (83.44%) was significantly lower than that of kojic acid (99.61%), the positive control, at 2.0 mg/mL. Although the inhibition of cellular melanin synthesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells by 2.0 mg/mL of ME (50.24%) and HE (51.24%) was lower than that of arbutin (64.84%), the inhibition by both ME and HE was higher than 50%. Collagenase inhibition by HE was comparable to 2.0 mg/mL epigallocatechin (EGCG), the positive control; however, elastase inhibition by ME and HE was lower than that of EGCG at the concentration tested. The results showed that the fruiting bodies of G. applanatum had good anti-tyrosinase, good anti-collagenase, and moderate anti-elastase activities, which might be useful for developing novel skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pork skin gelatin on the physicochemical properties (pH, CIE color value, water holding capacity, cooking yield, viscosity, proximate composition, and texture profile analysis) of emulsion-type sausage. Emulsion-type sausages were manufactured with 0% (control), 1%, 3%, and 5% pork skin gelatin. Moisture contents of samples containing 3% and 5% pork skin gelatin were significantly higher than those of the control and samples containing 1% pork skin gelatin (P<0.05). Protein contents were the highest in samples containing 5% pork skin gelatin (P<0.05). The pH values of uncooked and cooked samples increased with increasing pork skin gelatin level (P<0.05). The lightness and yellowness values of cooked samples containing pork skin gelatin were higher than those of the control (P<0.05). In addition, redness values of cooked samples containing 3% and 5% pork skin gelatin were significantly lower than those of the control and samples containing 1% pork skin gelatin (P<0.05). Water holding capacity (WHC) was the lowest in control, and samples containing 3% and 5% pork skin gelatin had significantly higher WHC compared to the other samples (P<0.05). Cooking yield of samples increased with increasing concentration of pork skin gelatin (P<0.05). Samples containing 3% and 5% pork skin gelatin showed higher viscosity than the control and sample containing 1% pork skin gelatin (P<0.05). Springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of samples were not significantly different among the samples. Hardness values of the control and sample containing 1% pork skin gelatin were lower than those of other samples (P<0.05), and samples containing 5% pork skin gelatin had the highest hardness (P<0.05). Gumminess of sample containing 5% pork skin gelatin was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05). The results show that pork skin gelatin could improve the potential of emulsion-type sausage physicochemical properties.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1218-1223
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• 2009

Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of water and 80% methanol extract of chestnut inner skin were investigated. The antioxidant properties of both extracts of chestnut inner skin were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, reducing power, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching. The 80% methanol extract of inner skin exhibited the higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and FRAP than water extract of inner skin and did also in a concentration-dependent manner. However, inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching of 80% methanol extract was similar to those of water extract, 35.09 and 39.07% at 1 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic contents of water and 80% methanol extract from chestnut inner skin were 5,801.42 and 9,735.56 mg/100 g, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that gallic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in water and 80% methanol extract from inner skin. These water and 80% methanol extracts of chestnut inner skin can be utilized as an effective and safe source of antioxidants.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 1996

In order to effectively utilize marine animal skin wastes in marine processing manufacture, conger eel skin, file fish skin and arrow squid skin as raw material of edible gelatin were screened. Conger eel skin was the highest in the collagen content, followed by Ole fish skin and arrow squid skin, in the order named. In the fish skins, the soluble and insoluble collagens occupied $67.4%{\sim}72.3%\;and\;27.7{\sim}32.6%$, respectively, and in the arrow squid skin, 30.4ft and 69.6ft, respectively. No difference in the amino acid composition between soluble and insoluble collagens was detected. Collagen from the marine animal skin catched in coasted and offshore water in Korea consisted ${\alpha}$ chain and ${\beta}$ chain, and ${\alpha}$ chain were hetero type. The sum of proline and hydroxyproline contents in conger eel skin collagen was higher than that in the other skin collagens, while was lower than that pork skin collagen. Conger eel skin collagen exhibited a higher denaturation temperature in solution and a higher degree of proline hydroxylation, compared with skin collagen of the respective species. The physical properties such as gel strength, melting point and gelling point of conger eel skin gelatin were superior to those of file fish skin and arrow squid skin gelatins.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2004

A transdermal preparation containing diclofenac diethylammonium (DDA) was developed using an O/W microemulsion system. Of the oils tested, lauryl alcohol was chosen as the oil phase of the microemulsion, as it showed a good solubilizing capacity and excellent skin permeation rate of the drug. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the concentration range of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant for microemulsion formation, and the effect of these additives on skin permeation of DDA was evaluated with excised rat skins. The optimum formulation of the microemulsion consisted of 1.16% of DDA, 5% of lauryl alcohol, 60% of water in combination with the 34.54% of Labrasol (surfactant)/ethanol (cosurfactant) (1:2). The efficiency of formulation in the percutaneous absorption of DDA was dependent upon the contents of water and lauryl alcohol as well as Labrasol: ethanol mixing ratio. It was concluded that the percutaneous absorption of DDA from microemulsions was enhanced with increasing the lauryl alcohol and water contents, and with decreasing the Labrasol:ethanol mixing ratio in the formulation.