• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2021

Environmental pollution is defined as contamination of the earth's environment with materials which interfere with human health, quality of life, or the natural functioning of the ecosystem. Whenever a prolonged and repetitive exposure to environmental stressors exceeds the skin's normal defensive potential, there is a disturbance in the skin barrier function leading to the development of various skin diseases. Major air pollutants which affect the skin are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, cigarette smoke, heavy metals and arsenic. Dermal uptake depends on the deposition of air pollutants on the skin surface, the composition of epidermal lipids, and the diffusion through the epidermis to the blood vessels.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.815-818
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• 2014

영상 분석을 통한 특징 추출은 객체의 인식이나 매칭, 인덱싱 등을 위해 수반되는 준비 단계로서 분야별로 다양한 방식을 통해 수행되어 왔다. 특히, 피부 영상 분석에 있어 주목할 만한 이슈는 피부의 노화 정도를 측정하는 것이다. 피부의 거칠기는 피부의 상태와 노화를 판단하는 중요한 근거의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 피부 나이를 측정하기 위해 피부 현미경 영상에서 피부 거칠기를 평가하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 피부 현미경으로 촬영된 이미지에 이진화 및 질감 대비 향상, 노이즈 제거 등의 전처리 과정을 수행하고, Watershed 알고리즘과 외곽선 검출을 통해, 피부를 구성하는 셀들의 영역 정보를 획득한다. 이를 바탕으로 피부 거침의 변화량을 계산하여 거칠기를 정의한다. 제안한 방법의 효과를 검증하기 위해 다양한 연령대의 피험자로부터 피부 현미경 영상을 확보하고 실험을 통해 피부 거칠기 특징이 피험자의 연령대와 상관관계가 있음을 보인다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2014

Purpose : To verify the skin dose in Tomotherapy-based radiation treatment according to the change in tumor locations, skin dose was measured by using Gafchromic EBT3 film and compared with the planned doses to find out the gap between them. Materials and Methods : In this study, to measure the skin dose, I'm RT Phantom(IBA Dosimetry, Germany) was utilized. After obtaining the 2.5mm CT images, tumor locations and skin dose measuring points were set by using Pinnacle(ver 9.2, Philips Medical System, USA). The tumor location was decided to be 5mm and 10mm away from surface of the phantom and center. Considering the attenuation of a Tomo-couch, we ensured a symmetric placement between the ceiling and floor directions of the phantom. The measuring point of skin doses was set to have 3mm and 5mm thickness from the surface. Measurement was done 3 times. By employing TomoHD(TomoHD treatment system, Tomotherapy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA), we devised Tomotherapy plans, measured 3 times by inserting Gafchromic EBT3 film into the phantom and compared the measurement with the skin dose treatment plans. Results : The skin doses in the upper part of the phantom, when the tumor was located in the center, were found to be 7.53 cGy and 7.25 cGy in 5mm and 3mm respectively. If placed 5mm away from the skin in the ceiling direction, doses were 18.06 cGy and 16.89 cGy; if 10mm away, 20.37 cGy and 18.27 cGy, respectively. The skin doses in the lower part of the phantom, when the tumor was located in the center, recorded 8.82 cGy and 8.29 cGy in 5mm and 3mm, each; if located 5mm away from the lower part skin, 21.69 cGy and 19.78 cGy were respectively recorded; and if 10mm away, 20.48 cGy and 19.57 cGy were recorded. If the tumor was placed in the center, skin doses were found to increase by 3.2~17.1% whereas if the tumor is 5mm away from the ceiling part, the figure decreased to 2.8~9.0%. To the Tomo-couch direction, skin doses showed an average increase of 11% or over, compared to the planned treatment. Conclusion : This study found gaps between planned skin doses and actual doses in the Tomotherapy treatment planning. Especially to the Tomo-cocuh direction, skin doses were found to be larger than the planned doses. Thus, during the treatment of tumors near the Tomo-couch, doses will need to be more accurately calculated and more efforts to verify skin doses will be required as well.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.851-856
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• 2016

Despite all the recent advances in biodegradable material-based microneedles, the bending and failure (especially buckling) of a biodegradable microneedle during skin tissue insertion remains a major technical hurdle for its large-scale commercialization. A reduction in skin tissue puncture force during microneedle insertion remains an essential issue in successfully developing a biodegradable microneedle. Here, we consider uniaxial and equibiaxial prestrains applied to a skin tissue as mechanophysical stimuli that can reduce the skin tissue puncture force, and investigate the effect of prestrain on the changes in skin tissue puncture force. For a porcine skin tissue similar to that of humans, the skin tissue puncture force of a flat-end microneedle is measured with a z-axis stage equipped with a load cell, which provides a force-time curve during microneedle insertion. The findings of this study lead to a quantitative characterization of the relationship between prestrain and the skin tissue puncture force.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2001

Shampoos are used routinely by a large number of veterinarians to treat skin diseases. Skin pH is affected by shampoos, however, known to occur. In order to evaluate the effect of shampoos on skin surface pH, we performed the measurement of skin pH using skin pH meter PH900 in five healthy mixed breed dogs. The seven commercial shampoos: Humilac, Sebocalm, Sebolytics, Etiderm, PEroxyderm, HyLyt and Zn-7 Derm were included in this study. The anatomical sites, right thorax was the highest pH (7.66$\pm$0.10), and the lowest pH (6.20$\pm$0.23) was left pinna. A statiscally significant decrease in skin pH was found 7 minutes after application of Humilac, Sebocalm, Etiderm, Peroxyderm (p<0.01) and Sebolytics (p<0.05). After 17 minutes of application skin surface pH was inclined to increase in every shampoos but the degree of increase was slight at 77 minutes. No statiscally significant differences were found in HyLy-T and Zn-7 Derm, but skin pH was normal range (6.2-7.8) after application. Throughout the experiment skin surface pH was maintained above pH 7.0 in detergent. The commercial shampoos, Humilac, Sebocalm, Etiderm, had the decreasing effect on skin surface pH in dogs. The other four shampoos maintain the skin pH normal range. The skin pH meter PH 900 was found simple and useful for skin pH measurement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.581-584
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• 2014

Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates. In mammals, the skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. There is a difference of the physiological function and anatomical structure of the skin, as body parts, sex, age, race and nutritional status. In this study, we measured the moisturizing ability of the skin of the 20s Chinese and Korea in Korean. We found that the skin hydrating of Chinese is significantly higher than Korean and TEWL of Chinese is lower than Korean. We measured the moisturizing ability of both 20s Chinese and Korean. As result, the moisturizing ability of 20s Chinese is better than Korean.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2015

The skin is one of the largest organs in our body and participates in many of the human organism's physiological and pathological events. Skin function were known for self-maintenance and self-repair, mechanical and chemical stress protection, protection against UV and environmental pathogenic micro-organisms, production of vitamin D, and social and psychological function through the physical aspect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of biophysical parameters and to find relation with skin biomarkers in different anatomical site and age in Korean women. About 70 healthy volunteers in age range 20 to 49 were participated in this test. Test areas were the forearms and the cheek. Investigation to determine biophysical parameters on human skin, was carried out using various non-invasive methods. For analysis to skin biomarkers, we studied to examine various biomarkers for the quantitative determination of cortisol, fibronectin, keratin-1, 10, and 11, involucrin, and keratin-6 in human face and forearm. And we measured to skin biophysical parameters for skin anatomical site and age difference with non-invasive methods. As results of measuring site, some parameters were have following significant difference, stratum corneum hydration, trans epidermal water loss and skin color (L and a value). As results of age difference, skin colors were had only significant difference with age. For cortisol, keratin-6, fibronectin, keratin-1, 10, 11 contents, there were no significant difference in age and site. However, involucrin level in the cheeks were the highest for age group 30 ~ 39 compared to other age groups. These results suggest that in individual skin condition may explain detailed skin state variation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2021

Collagen hydrolysate (CH) is known to prevent skin aging by stimulating skin dermal fibroblasts to promote synthesis of extracellular matrix such as collagen and elastin. Recently, among the various factors that cause skin aging, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received particular attention. However, the effect of CH on AGE accumulation has not been studied. Since CH could affect AGE accumulation by promoting production of skin structural proteins, clinical trial was performed using low molecule collagen peptide (LMCP), which were CH containing 25% tripeptide and 4% Gly-Pro-Hyp. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) values were measured using an AGE reader to evaluate accumulation of AGE in skin. As a result of applying 0.5% and 1.0% LMCP solutions to the subject's forearm for 8 weeks, the SAF value at the test site significantly decreased compared to the control site. Additionally, in vitro test was performed using CCD-986sk to evaluate the promotion of collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts by LMCP. As a result, 800 ㎍/mL of LMCP significantly increased synthesis of human pro-collagen Iα1 (COL1A1) in CCD-986sk. Through this study, we have confirmed that tropical LMCP applications can promote collagen synthesis to help anti-glycation effects, suggesting that LMCP has potential as an anti-aging cosmetic material.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2000

To investigate an impact of skin occlusion on the dermal xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, the dorsal part in rats was covered with closed petri dish-shaped chamber, 46 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height, which was made of glass. The crack between top of chamber and skin was sealed by an adhesive agent. After 5 days, the quantity of sweat accumulation was about 400 mg, whereas after 10 days that was decreased about to 21 mg. The 5 days skin occlusion showed the more increased activity of dermal XO compared with the control, and the increased ratio of enzyme activity to the control was higher than that of 10 days skin occlusion, with the increase being associated with sweat accumulation in chamber. Furthermore, the V$_{max}$ of dermal XO in 5 days skin occlusion was higher than that in the control. In conclusion, it may be hypothesized that the XO system may play an role for defence mechanism in dermal tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2016

The study of radiation-hazard in the human skin tissue is carried out by direct irradiating to experimental animals. The influences of a radiation to the animal's skin tissue are analyzed from this experiment. However, this also accompanies losses in terms of both time and economy. In this study, we simulated human tissue by using a swine skin tissue. The depth of the swine skin tissue for the experiment is determined, and the amount of the direct radiation below this skin depth is analyzed numerically. The amount of the radiation occurred by exposure below the skin tissue can be inferred. Moreover, it is possible to use only cells effectively and animal experiments to analyze the body-hazard by radiation.