• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1985

For the purpose of obtaining the index that represents the contaminated status due to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the human body, the authors investigated the contents of PCB in the plasma of 183 subjects who were not exposured to the massive amount of PCB occupationaly in the past. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The mean contents of PCB in plasma were 3.35 $\pm$ 1.48 ppb in male and 3.04 $\pm$ 1.06 ppb in female. $Cl_4$ and $Cl_3$ were the main isomers in both sexes. 2. The distribution of total-PCB by the age group was showed increasing tendency with the age in both sexes. 3. The tendency of freqyency distribution of total-PCB level were skewed to the higher level in malo and skewed to the lower level in female. 4. There was satistically significant interrelationship between age and total-PCB in plasma in both sexes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2007

We propose the new sampling method, called modified ranked ordering set sampling (MROSS). Kim and Kim (2003) suggested the sign test using the ranked ordering set sampling (ROSS), and showed that the asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE) of ROSS against RSS for sign test increases as sample size does. We propose the estimator for the population mean using MROSS. The relative precision (RP) of estimator of the population mean using MROSS method with respect to the usual estimator using modified RSS is higher, and when the underlying distribution is skewed, the bias of the proposed estimator is smaller than that of several ranked set sampling estimators.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.573-584
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• 2007

We define a skew-symmetric Laplace distribution by a symmetric Laplace distribution and evaluate its coefficient of skewness. And we derive an approximate maximum likelihood estimator(AME) and a moment estimator(MME) of a skewed parameter in a skew-symmetric Laplace distribution, and hence compare simulated mean squared errors of those estimators. We compare asymptotic mean squared errors of two defined estimators of reliability in two independent skew-symmetric distributions.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.923-931
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• 2005

The two parameter generalized exponential distribution was recently introduced by Gupta and Kundu (1999). It is observed that the generalized exponential distribution can be used quite effectively to analyze skewed data set. This paper develops the accelerated life test model using generalized exponential distribution and considers maximum likelihood estimation of parameters under the tampered random variable model. To show the performance of proposed maximum likelihood estimates, some simulation will be performed. Using a real data set, an example will be given.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1995

선형모형에서 오차가 대칭인 분포를 따르는지 또는 한쪽으로 치우친(skewed distribution)분포를 따르는지 검정하는 문제를 다루었다. 또 이러한 검정과정을 분석의 예비단계로 하는 회귀계수의 추정방법에 대해서 연구하고, 모의실험을 통해서 회귀계수 추정법들의 효율을 비교하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 국내 내진설계기준에 의해 중간모멘트골조로 설계된 철골 모멘트접합부에서 면외방향 어긋남을 갖는 보가 접합부의 거동에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 기둥을 중심으로 보가 접합되는 형식에 따라 2가지 경우(단면접합 및 양면접합)와 각각의 경우에 대하여 4개 수준의 어긋남 각도(0°, 10°, 20°, 30°)를 조합하여 총 14개의 유한요소해석 모델을 구성하였다. 해석결과, 면외 어긋남을 갖는 대상 모멘트접합부는 국내 구조기준에 따른 중간모멘트골조의 성능수준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 면외 어긋남 각도가 커질수록 접합부 시스템의 하중저항능력이 감소하였다. 면외 어긋남 각도가 30°인 접합부에서 보-기둥이 직교된 접합부에 비하여 최대 하중은 약 13% 감소하였고, 층간 변위각 0.02 rad까지의 에너지 소산능력은 최대 26% 감소하였다. 또한, 어긋남 형상에 기인하여 접합부와 인접한 보 플랜지에서 응력이 비대칭으로 분포되며, 보 플랜지와 기둥 플랜지가 예각을 이루는 내측 플랜지(Inner Flange)에 응력이 집중되었다. 본 연구에서 고려한 보-기둥 접합에서는 어긋난 보에 의해 기둥의 축방향 회전에 미치는 영향은 미미하여 무시할 만 하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.518-532
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• 2008

모바일 환경에서는 상향링크와 하향링크의 대역특이 비대칭적이며 전력이 한정되어 있기 때문에 보다 효율적인 데이타 전송기술인 브로드캐스팅 방법이 연구되어 왔다. 브로드캐스트에서 인덱스를 사용하면 원하는 데이타가 언제 방송되는지를 알 수 있어 튜닝 시간을 줄이고, 전력의 소비를 줄일 수 있다. 지금까지 연구된 싱글 채널 인덱스 기법들은 모든 데이타 아이템이 동일한 확률로 접근되는 flat 브로드캐스트에 적합한 인덱스 기법들이다. 데이타 아이템에 대한 접근 확률이 편향되는 경우에는 멀티디스크 방송기법을 사용해야 효과적인 전송이 가능하나, 기존의 인덱스 기법들은 인덱스가 한 방송 주기 내에서 반복되어 방송되는 데이타 아이템을 가리킬 수 없기 때문에 멀티디스크 방송 기법에는 효과적이지 않다. 본 논문에서는 싱글 채널 인덱스 기법으로서 멀티디스크 방송에 적용되는 인덱스 기법인 MDEI (Multi-disk Exponential Index) 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 MDEI 기법은 각 디스크 별로 인덱스를 구성하기 때문에, 데이타에 대한 접근확률이 편향되는 경우에 flat 브로드캐스트를 사용하는 다른 인덱스 기법들보다 평균 접근 지연시간 시간을 크게 줄일 수 있다. 실험 결과는 데이타에 대한 접근 확률이 편향된 환경에서 MDEI가 평균 접근 지연시간에 있어서 매우 좋은 성능을 갖는 것을 보여준다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.797-820
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• 2018

Purpose: It is to seek for an appropriate cost rate analysis methodology of credit card value propositions in Korea. For this issue, it is claimed that methodologies based on probability distribution is more suitable than methodologies based on data-mining. The analysis model constructed for the cost rate estimation is called VCPM model. Methods: The model includes two major variables denoted as S and P. S is monthly credit card usage amount. P stands for the proportion of usage amount at special merchants over the whole monthly usage amount. The distributions assumed for P are positively skewed distributions such as exponential, gamma and lognormal. The major inputs to the model are also derived from S and P, which are E(S) and the aggregate proportion of usage amount at special merchants over the total monthly usage amount. Results: When the credit card's value proposition is general discount, the VCPM model fits well and generates reasonable cost rate(denoted as R). However, it seems that the model does not work well for other types of credit cards. Conclusion: The VCPM model is reliable for calculating cost rate for credit cards with positively skewed distribution of P, which are general discount card. However, another model should be built for cards with other types of distributions of P.

• 기술사
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 1987

Statistical control charts are useful tools to monitor and control the manufacturing processes and are widely used in most Korean industries. Many Korean companies, however, do not always obtain desired results from the traditional control charts by Shewhart such as the X-chart, X-chart, X-chart, etc. This is partly because the quality charterstics of the process are not distributed normally but are skewed due to the intermittent production, small lot size, etc. In Shewhart X-chart, which is the most widely used one in Korea, such skewed distributions make the plots to be inclined below or above the central line or outside the control limits although no assignable causes can be found. To overcome such shortcomings in nonnormally distributed processes, a distribution-free type of confidence interval can be used, which should be based on order statistics. This thesis is concerned with the design of control chart based on a sample median which is easy to use in practical situation and therefore properties for nonnormal distributions may be easily analyzed. Control limits and central lines are given for tile more famous nonnormal distributions, such as Gamma, Beta, Lognormal, Weibull, Pareto, Truncated-normal distributions. Robustness of the proposed median control chart is compared with that of the X-chart, the former tends to be superior to the latter as the probability distribution of the process becomes more skewed. The average run length to detect the assignable cause is also compared when the process has a Normal or a Gamma distribution for which the properties of X are easy to verify, the proposed chart is slightly worse than the X-chart for the normally distributed product but much better for Gamma-distributed products. Average Run Lengths of the other distributions are also computed. To use the proposed control chart, the probability distribution of the process should be known or estimated. If it is not possible, the results of comparison of the robustness force us to use the proposed median control chart based on a normal distribution. To estimate the distribution of the process, Sturge's formula is used to graph the histogram and the method of probability plotting, $X^2$-goodness of fit test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, are discussed with real case examples. A comparison of the propose4 median chart and the X chart was also performed with these examples and the median chart turned out to be superior to the X-chart.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제10권16호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1987

Statistical control charts are useful tools to monitor and control the manufacturing processes and are widely used in most Korean industries. Many Korean companies, however, do not always obtain desired results from the traditional control charts by Shewhart such as the $\bar{X}$-chart, $\bar{X}$-chart, $\bar{X}$-chart, etc. This is partly because the quality charterstics of the process are not distributed normally but are skewed due to the intermittent production, small lot size, etc. In Shewhart $\bar{X}$-chart. which is the most widely used one in Kora, such skewed distributions make the plots to be inclined below or above the central line or outside the control limits although no assignable causes can be found. To overcome such shortcomings in nonnormally distributed processes, a distribution-free type of confidence interval can be used, which should be based on order statistics. This thesis is concerned with the design of control chart based on a sample median which is easy to use in practical situation and therefore properties for nonnormal distributions may be easily analyzed. Control limits and central lines are given for the more famous nonnormal distributions, such as Gamma, Beta, Lognormal, Weibull, Pareto, Truncated-normal distributions. Robustness of the proposed median control chart is compared with that of the $\bar{X}$-chart; the former tends to be superior to the latter as the probability distribution of the process becomes more skewed. The average run length to detect the assignable cause is also compared when the process has a Normal or a Gamma distribution for which the properties of X are easy to verify, the proposed chart is slightly worse than the $\bar{X}$-chart for the normally distributed product but much better for Gamma-distributed products. Average Run Lengths of the other distributions are also computed. To use the proposed control chart, the probability distribution of the process should be known or estimated. If it is not possible, the results of comparison of the robustness force us to use the proposed median control chart based oh a normal distribution. To estimate the distribution of the process, Sturge's formula is used to graph the histogram and the method of probability plotting, $\chi$$^2$-goodness of fit test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, are discussed with real case examples. A comparison of the proposed median chart and the $\bar{X}$ chart was also performed with these examples and the median chart turned out to be superior to the $\bar{X}$-chart.