• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2014

There have not been many studies conducted on the seedling production, especially in plug trays, of traditional medicinal plant species. In an effort to establish guide lines for seedling production, this study investigated the effect of plug cell size on the growth and development of plug seedling of three medicinal plant species. Seeds were sown in either 128, 200, or 288-cell plug trays, containing a commercial medium. Growth and development of individual seedling was generally promoted with increasing size of a plug cell in all of the three species. The greatest biomass of the seedlings gained in a plug tray was obtained in the 288-cell trays in Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo and Sophora tonkinensis, and the 200-cell trays in Angelica gigas Nakai. Overall growth and development of the shoot and root of a single seedling of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo, except total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, was the greatest in the 128-cell tray. However, length of the longest root, length, width and area of the leaf, internode length, root fresh weight, and root ball formation in the 200- and 288-cell trays were not significantly different each other. In Sophora tonkinensis, although length of the longest root, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and root ball formation were not significantly different among the treatments, length of the longest root and root ball formation of a single seedling were the greatest in the 128-cell tray. Overall shoot and root growth, except total chlorophyll content, of a single seedling of Angelica gigas Nakai was the greatest in the 128-cell tray. Based on the total biomass, it is concluded that 288-cell trays are recommended for production of plug seedlings of medicinal plant species P. frutescens var. acuta Kudo and S. tonkinensis. In A. gigas Nakai, it would be more economical to use the 200-cell trays than 128-cell trays due to total biomass.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2014

In this work, we studied basic characteristics of transmission lines employing various PSS (periodic strip structure) on silicon substrate for application to a miniaturization of RF components. According to the results, the transmission lines employing various PSS showed wavelength shorter than conventional coplanar waveguide due to their strong wave characteristics. Especially, with-contact structure was most effective for a miniaturization of RF component. Concretely, the size of the transmission line employing with-contact was only 4.39 % of the conventional coplanar waveguide, According to the bandwidth extraction result, the bandwidth of the transmission lines employing various PSS structures were wider than 384 GHz. Above results indicate that the transmission lines employing various PSS can be effectively used for application to a broadband and miniature RF component, and especially, with-contact is most effective for a miniaturization of RF components.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.43-58
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• 2017

Objectives : The Purpose of this study was to develop the occupation based grocery shopping skill training program for group of person with developmental disability and to test its effect. Methods : We set the grocery shopping task for the theme of the program and we applied this program for 9 sessions. There were initial, final, and follow-up evaluation and training sessions were provided 6 times. In the every session, group training program for grocery shopping skills was conducted. The performance of grocery shopping skills was evaluated by Test of Grocery Shopping Skills(TOGSS). Results : At the final assessment of grocery shopping skill, there were increased performance skills especially in item collection and size comparison. Among 3 subjects, two showed in improved navigation skills in order to search for target items. However, there was no improvement in comparing the optical price of items. For the last, it was significant that the total time to spend for shopping were commonly decreased. The performance of grocery shopping were maintained in 2 subjects and another subject was unable to perform it at the 5 month later follow-up evaluation. Conclusion : The occupation based grocery shopping skill training group program which was developed in this study is useful guide-line for occupational therapists who seek for the community based program. All 3 subjects showed the improved performance on shopping skill through this program.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

The governmental investment to SOC facilities currently has increasedthe construction of new roads and the consistent extension of already-existing roads or the line-shape revision of those roads. As a result, the road cut slopes have been increasingrapidly. Unfortunately, human-life damages and property damages frequently occur due to the rockfall and the landslide every year. To reduce those damages, many studies have been performed. The present regulation regarding rockfall protection facilities follows the "Guide for Installation and Management of Road Safety Facilities" issued by MLTM (the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs) that indicates the standard size of facilities and energy absorbing efficiencies. Most domestic road slopes use standardized rockfall protection facilities based on the regulation. However, there have been doubted about the effectiveness of rockfall protection facilities and the damages caused by rockfalls havebeen increasedevery year. Thus, it seems that relevant studies are necessary on the rockfall protection net being capable of supporting rockfall energies. Accordingly, this study reviews previous literature to investigate the function and the feature of rockfall protection nets and analyzetheir limitations by each type. After that, by using the pullout test device for a rockfall protection net, an experiment on the PVC coating net and the expanded metal is performed under the exact same condition. Finally, the features of the Expended metal is explained with the comparison analysises of load-variation and the confirmation of damaged forms. As a result, there have been founded the problemsof net breaking down and not being able to support due to PVC coating net's material property of disintegration. On the other hand, the Expanded Metal might be expected as a substituteof rockfall protection net according to its capability of support and integration.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1972

Many geometric curves are presented as representative form of normal dental arches by many authors; circle, ellipse, parabola or catenary curve. Among them those except circle seems difficult to be adopted as a guide in ideal arch form construction and practically many orthodontists chose circle as a standard. Author preferred circle of Bonwill's theory in study of anterior teeth alignment of Korean adults. Eighty three dental models which possess proper occlusion and good arch form were selected and copies of their occlusal surfaces obtained by Ricopy machine. The use of Ricopy machine made it possible to draw arch form exactly. Mesiodistal widths of six anterior teeth were measured and they were added to combined mesiodistal width of six anterior teeth. Circle, that include the points of two cuspal tips of canines and one incisal edge of central incisor were drawn. Distances of lateral incisors that are deviated from arc of this circle were measured and classified into four grades by degree and three groups by kind of teeth deviated. By counting the number of samples involved degree of fit of the circle to arch contour of Korean adult was described. Then, size of radius of circle, intercanine width and intermolar width were measured and evaluated their ratios to combined mesiodistal width of six anterior teeth. In normal occlusion of Korean adult anterior teeth seems to be arranged on an arc of circle the radius of which is similar to combined mesiodistal width of six anterior teeth. Intercanine width and intermolar width have rather constant ratios to combined width of six anterior teeth.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

ZnO-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated and the mechanical characteristics of electric circuits, such as stress, strain, and deformation are analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). In this study, a mechanical-stability design guide for such systems is proposed; this design takes into account the stress and deformation of the bridge to estimate the stress distribution in an $SiO_2$ film with 0 to 5% stretched on 0.5-${\mu}m$-thick. The predicted buckle amplitude of $SiO_2$ bridges agrees well with experimental results within 0.5% error. The stress and strain at the contact point between bridges and a pad were measured in a previous structural analysis. These structural analysis suggest that the numerical measurement of deformation, SU-8 coating thickness for Neutral Mechanical Plane (NMP) and ITO electrode size on a dielectric layer was useful in enhancing the structural and electrical stabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2004

Objectives : The aim of this study was to identify the trend of school health research by analyzing articles related to school health for the last 10 years. this information can be used to guide research direction for the future. Methods : This study is a descriptive study that analyzed annual data. using an objective frame of evaluation about the methodology and research domain in each paper, all the papers included in the journals concerning school health from January 1993 to December 2000 were analyzed. The data was processed statistically by frequency and percentage. Results : 455 papers in 9 journals related to school health were published. The Journal of the Korean Society of School Health had 204 articles, the highest number of any journal. most of the articles were descriptive, but the number of experimental studies increased over time. the most common research subjects were students were the greatest ones, but the trend to study both parents and teachers increased near the end of the sampling period. the most common selection of subjects appeared to be based on convenience, but probability sampling gradually increasing annually. the most common research instrument was the questionnaire and the reliability and the validity of instruments were described in approximately half of the studies. The survey was the most commonly used method of data collection. The papers that met ethical issue in data collection were less than those that did not. In addition, the papers that provided the rationale for the calculation of sample size were less than those that did not. parametric statistics were the main methods of data analysis, but some advanced statistics were used more often than simple descriptive statistics in the latter part of the sampling period. In general, limit of the studies were not frequently mentioned but more recommendations were made. regarding the characteristics of the research area, the assesment domain was remarkable. The rate of school health problem assesment was the highest among research subjects. Sex- related subjects were the highest in detail research subjects. Conclusions : The research of school health has increased quantitatively, but it is difficult to ascertain its qualitative development. Therefore, on the basis of the research completed up until now, more school-based intervention studies and longitudinal studies need to be another target for the evaluation of the effects of the school health service. as well, policy suggestion through international and cross-sectional comparison studies are needed to assist in the establishment of the long term direction of school health.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.363-375
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• 2018

Intraoperative monitoring (IOM) utilizes electrophysiological techniques as a surrogate test and evaluation of nervous function while a patient is under general anesthesia. They are increasingly used for procedures, both surgical and endovascular, to avoid injury during an operation, examine neurological tissue to guide the surgery, or to test electrophysiological function to allow for more complete resection or corrections. The application of IOM during pediatric brain tumor resections encompasses a unique set of technical issues. First, obtaining stable and reliable responses in children of different ages requires detailed understanding of normal age-adjusted brain-spine development. Neurophysiology, anatomy, and anthropometry of children are different from those of adults. Second, monitoring of the brain may include risk to eloquent functions and cranial nerve functions that are difficult with the usual neurophysiological techniques. Third, interpretation of signal change requires unique sets of normative values specific for children of that age. Fourth, tumor resection involves multiple considerations including defining tumor type, size, location, pathophysiology that might require maximal removal of lesion or minimal intervention. IOM techniques can be divided into monitoring and mapping. Mapping involves identification of specific neural structures to avoid or minimize injury. Monitoring is continuous acquisition of neural signals to determine the integrity of the full longitudinal path of the neural system of interest. Motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials are representative methodologies for monitoring. Free-running electromyography is also used to monitor irritation or damage to the motor nerves in the lower motor neuron level : cranial nerves, roots, and peripheral nerves. For the surgery of infratentorial tumors, in addition to free-running electromyography of the bulbar muscles, brainstem auditory evoked potentials or corticobulbar motor evoked potentials could be combined to prevent injury of the cranial nerves or nucleus. IOM for cerebral tumors can adopt direct cortical stimulation or direct subcortical stimulation to map the corticospinal pathways in the vicinity of lesion. IOM is a diagnostic as well as interventional tool for neurosurgery. To prove clinical evidence of it is not simple. Randomized controlled prospective studies may not be possible due to ethical reasons. However, prospective longitudinal studies confirming prognostic value of IOM are available. Furthermore, oncological outcome has also been shown to be superior in some brain tumors, with IOM. New methodologies of IOM are being developed and clinically applied. This review establishes a composite view of techniques used today, noting differences between adult and pediatric monitoring.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.4 s.107
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• pp.471-478
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• 2006

In this paper, two color contrast evaluation algorithms, W3C and NSSC algorithms are compared and investigated to select proper criteria of the color contrast of text-background color combinations in web documents. The relationship between the color contrast defined by existing formula and the readability rating is not perfect and there is quite a bit of variance, in particular, there is some substantial outlier. I modify the NSSC algorithm to apply all colors and compare the two algorithms to apply same color combinations of web safe colors. A new algorithm considering color temperature feeling as a component of the color contrast is proposed and implemented. As the results of this study, the existing two algorithms are not contradictory to each other, 82% of all color combinations of web safe colors are not proper combinations according to W3C guide which provide severe restriction to select colors in web documents compared to NSSC algorithm. Experimental test shows proposed algorithm is superior to the W3C algorithm with respect to the linearity of relationship between color contrast and readability rating. It means a color temperature feeling is an effective component of a color contrast. But to determine best contribution ratio of the color temperature feeling, further study is required and it is related to Hangul font style and size. The more popular a mobile color display is used, the more important accessibility factor a color contrast will be.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.35-44
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• 2003

Considering possible legal and policy problems with regard to the Cheju Strait, a central issue is whether the Cheju Strait should be treated as Korean territorial sea or an international strait The claim that the strait is territorial sea has been based on the use of a straight baseline method of dermarcation With the use of straight baseline, Korea claims that the breadth of the Cheju Strait is only 20.7 miles at its narrowest point and therefore the strait becomes the territorial sea of Korea. The consideration cf marine pollution has weighed heavily in claiming the Cheju Strait as territorial sea. Pollution resulting from the accidents cf tankers caused by fire, collision, or stranding in the Cheju Strait and the Korea Strait would be enormous, affecting the entire coastal waters of the south coasts cf Korea's mainland and Japan's Tsushima Islands areas. Catastrophic pollution in the Cheju Strait could also come from the accidents cf large-size oil tankers passing through the Korea Strait from the Malacca Strait Although the Korean government considers the geographic and socioeconomic conditions sufficient to justify Korea's claim of the Cheju Strait as territorial sea, it believes that declaring it so would raise considerable legal conflicts with maritime states. In view of the legal difficulties and the need to meet the problems arising from the growing vessel traffic in the Cheju Strait, the sea lanes and traffic separation schemes may be considered an alternative to the internationalization of the Cheju Strait Even if the Korean government dose not do so, the regime of innocent passage should be applied to vessels passing through the Strait and should not suspend innocent passage through the Strait. Therefore, the Korean government needs to have a more legal, pragmatic, functional and managerial approach than a purely sovereign and selfish approach to the solution of legal matters of the Cheju strait For this purpose, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea would serve as a guide and also self-restraint and cooperative approaches would become norms governing the resolution of the law of the sea issues in the Cheju Strait.