• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2014

Agro-ecosystem plays an important role in the mitigation of atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration through photosynthesis and soil carbon fixation. The perennial crops have capacity of carbon accumulation because they have lived for years in the same position. Carbon dioxide fixation occurs in the fruit orchard by photosynthesis and soil carbon sequestration. The objectives of this review are to introduce the fruit orchard as a carbon dioxide sink and to summarize the methods that measure $CO_2$ flux in the orchard. There are three difference methods (chamber, biomass, and eddy covariance method) to measure $CO_2$ exchanges on sites. However, there is no standard method suitable for fruit cultivation condition in Korea. Thus the standard method have to be developed in order to exactly estimate the carbon accumulation. In foreign studies, the carbon assessments were conducted in apple, peach, olive, grape orchard and so on. On the other hand the estimation of $CO_2$ exchange was carried out for apple and mandarine orchard in Korea. According to these results, fruit orchard is a $CO_2$ sink even though amount of carbon accumulation is smaller than the forest. To introduce certainly fruit orchard as greenhouse gas sink, long-term monitoring and further study have to be conducted under each planting condition.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.773-781
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• 2002

The natural carbon cycle has been perturbed since the mid-19th century by anthropogenic CO$_2$emissions from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation due to population growth and industrialization. The current study simulated the global carbon cycle for the past 42 years using an eight-box carbon cycle model. The results showed that since the terrestrial biospheric carbon sink was roughly offset by the deforestation source, the fossil fuel emission source was partitioned between the atmospheric and oceanic sinks. However, the partitioning ratio between the atmosphere and the ocean exhibited a change, that is, the carbon accumulation rate was faster in the atmosphere than in the ocean, due to a decrease in the so-called ocean buffering capacity. It was found that the ocean buffering capacity to take up excess CO$_2$decreased by 50% in terms of the buffer factor over the past 42 years. Accordingly, these results indicate that if the current CO$_2$emission trend continues, the future rate of increase in the atmospheric CO$_2$concentration will accelerate.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.1347-1355
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• 2007

센서 네트워크는 관심 지역을 감지하도록, 작은 센서를 배치하여 센서가 감지한 작업을 수집하여 사용자에게 제공하는 기능을 가진다. 감지 작업을 보고할 때 노드간의 라우팅 경로는, 베이스 스테이션의 요청이 있는 경우 경로 설정이 이루어지는데, 이 때 경로는 노드의 한정된 에너지를 고려하여 에너지 소모를 최소화하는 형태로 이루어진다. 또한 노드가 가지는 낮은 용량, 한정된 자원, 이동성 등의 이유로, 감지 작업을 보고할 경우 베이스 스테이션의 요청에 따라 라우팅 경로를 재설정하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 싱크(Sink) 노드가 감지작업을 요청할 경우, 각 노드는 자신의 링크 정보를 보고하게 되고, 싱크 노드는 전체 토폴로지 정보를 수집하고 관리하여 각 노드와의 협상 없이 라우팅 경로를 설정한다. 그러면 설정된 경로의 손실이 발생하는 경우와 지속적인 감시 작업등의 상황에서 노드간의 협상을 통한 라우팅 경로 설정 과정을 거치지 않고 자신의 라우팅 경로 정보를 이용하여 주경로 및 대체 경로를 쉽게 찾을 수 있게 된다. 싱크 노드에게 보고하는 노드의 연결 정보는 각 노드가 주기적으로 신호를 주고받아 보관하므로 경로 정보를 수집하는데 소요되는 부하를 줄일 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 라우팅 알고리즘은, 경로 설정에 필요한 라우팅 메시지를 초기에 주고받아 경로를 설정함으로써 설정된 경로가 실패되더라도 노드가 가지는 토폴로지 정보를 이용하여 대체 경로를 설정함으로써, 경로 설정에 필요한 라우팅 메시지를 줄이게 되고 재경로 탐색이 쉽게 이루어지게 된다. 이는 노드의 소실이 많은 지역이나 모니터링 환경에 적합하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7250-7255
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• 2015

본 논문은 전기자동차의 주행 거리 향상을 위한 전기자동차용 연소식 공기 히터를 개발하기 위하여 기존 디젤 연소식 공기 히터의 난방성능에 대한 실험 및 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 연소식 공기 히터의 성능 분석을 위하여, 히터의 열용량 계산과 실차 실험을 통한 온도 변화를 고찰하였다. 승차공간으로 공급되는 난방 공기의 온도는 $101.3^{\circ}C$이며 연소식 공기 히터 내부 히트싱크의 표면 온도 편차는 위치에 따라 67.8% 차이를 나타내었고 공기 히터의 난방 열량은 2.0 kW로 산출되었다. 또한 연소식 공기 히터의 실차적용 실험에서 차량 승차공간의 내부 온도는 지속적으로 상승하였고 1800초 후 승차공간의 상부 공기 온도는 $42.5^{\circ}C$이고, 하부 공기 온도는 $25.3^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며 디젤 연소식 공기 히터의 난방 효율은 평균 63.7%로 산출되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제19권40호
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• pp.263-269
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• 1996

The most vital arc in the maximum flow problem is that arc whose removal results in the greatest reduction in the value of the maximal flow between a source node and a sink node. This paper develops an algorithm to determine such a most vital arc(MVA) in the maximum flow problem. We first define the transformed network corresponding In a given network in order to compute the minimal capacity for each candidate arc. The set of candidate arcs for a MVA consists of the arcs whose flow is at least as greate as the flow over every arc in a minimal cut As a result, we present a method in which the MVA is determined more easily by computing the minimal capacity in the transformed network. The proposed method is demonstrated by numerical example.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2004

Thermoelectric module is a device that can produce cooling in a direct manner using the electrical energy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of thermoelectric module and cooling system equipped with the thermoelectric module. The performance of a thermoelectric module is estimated using two methods; theoretical analysis based on one-dimensional energy equations and experimental tests using heat source, heat sink and brass conduction extenders. For the thermoelectric cooling system, the temperatures in the chamber are recorded and then compared with those of lumped system analysis. The results show that the cooling capacity and COP of the thermoelectric module increases as the temperature difference between hot and cold surface decreases, and there is particular current at which cooling capacity reaches its maximum value. The experimental results for the thermoelectric cooling system are similar to those of lumped system analysis.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of supplemental cooling and heating system equipped with the 1 kW thermoelectric module. The system consist of 96 thermoelectric modules, heat sink with louver fin and water cooling jacket which is attached on the hot side of the thermoelectric module. The cooling and heating performance test of the thermoelectric system is conducted with various conditions, such as intake voltage, air inlet temperature, air flow volume, water inlet temperature and water flow rate at calorimeter chamber in consideration of environmental conditions in realistic vehicle drive. The experimental results of a thermoelectric system shows that the cooling capacity and COP is 1.03 kW, and 1.0, and heating capacity and COP is 1.53 kW, and 1.5 respectively.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2016

This study was developed through the secondary battery module charging/discharger possible utilization in the production process equipment circuit. The developed module is ensuring construction of efficient and productive charging and discharger through this research a limit on the yield and the price of existing single -channel charge and discharger circuit as a 5V 70A grade secondary battery Formation charge and discharger for up to 1 board 4 channels. In order to improve the sensing accuracy, through a robust differential amplifier circuit described using 16bit Analog-Digital Converter and noise was secured 16bit resolution sensing. The configuration also made demands for property Rise / Fall Time. Data Acquisition, discharge efficiency and also to fit the sink circuit temperature level for mass production.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2000

The most vital arc in the maximum flow problem is that arc whose removal results in the greatest reduction in the value of the maximal flow between a source node and a sink node. This paper develops an algorithm to determine such a most vital arc in the maximum flow problem. We first define the transformed network corresponding to a given network in order to compute the minimal capacity for each candidate arc. The set of candidate arcs for single most vital arc consists of the arcs whose flow is at least as great as the flow over every arc in a minimal cut. As a result we present a method in which the most vital arc is determined more easily by computing the minimal capacity in the transformed network. the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical example and computational experiment.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2016

A fleet consists of a main vessel, light vessels and carrying vessels for purse seine fishery. Carrying vessels contains fish storages to maintain freshness of catches. Currently most carrying vessels applies the cooling system using plain ice though accompanied various shortcomings. Seawater cooling system directly chilling seawater are now in use on carrying vessels in some developed countries to make up for these shortcomings and maximize advantages. This research deals with necessity of seawater cooling systems and establishes system criteria using Aspentech HYSYS program, prior to an experiment of compact-scale seawater cooling system which now in progress of manufacture. Performance comparison on condensation capacity, mass flow rate of working fluid, compressor power input, pump power input and others of the seawater cooling system applying a flooded evaporator is conducted with respect to the temperature of surface seawater varying according to seasons. The result presents that mass flow rate circulating the system is increased about 16.7% as the temperature of surface seawater increases. At the same condition, condensation capacity and compressor input work also increase about 9.8% and 91.2%, respectively.