• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2010

Injection inoculation protocols for fruit body formation of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) were investigated to improve the incidence of infection in the silkworm species Bombyx mori (B. mori). Injection, with suspensions of C. militaris hyphal bodies into living silkworm pupae, was used to test for fruit body production. Use of Daeseungjam rather than Baegokjam or Keumokjam varieties of B. mori is thought to be suitable for infection by C. militaris. From mounting, nine-day-old to 11-day-old pupae showed the best incidence of infection with a $100\;{\mu}L$ injection volume. Silkworm pupae injected with a hyphal suspension concentration of more than $2\;{\times}\;10^5$ colony-forming unit (cfu) recorded a greater than 96% incidence of infection. Also, fruit bodies of C. militaris were induced and produced at a light intensity between 500 and 1,000 lx.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.4
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• pp.57-61
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• 1965

In the silkworm fed on ginseng, the body weight and the cocoon weight were not only heavier, but also the ratio of a cocoon layer to a cocoon weight was higher than those in the control. Especially, the heavier pupae were appeared. The ginseng may be therefor available in silkworm improvement.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.6
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• pp.28-30
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• 1966

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the method of discrimination of male and female depending upon the specific gravity of pupa in silkworm varieties which are being recommended in Korea at present. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The specific gravity of silkworm pupa existed between 1,000 and 1,100. 2. Female pupae went to the bottom of salt water(NaCl), around 1,020 of specific gravity, while male pupae came near to the surface of salt water. 3. Salt water of around 1,020 specific gravity was not harmful to the pupa, egg laying ability and moth emerging ability. 4. The effect of salt water on the other useful characters will be assigned to the next chance, and also the device of cocoon cutting machine is being studied.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.262-265
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• 2017

Bombyx mori (silkworm pupae) is a unique and biologically significant insect, which is a recognized source of high quality protein that provides all the essential amino acids required for human health. Recently, many studies have focused on various biomedical applications of B. mori proteins. The purpose of this study was to manufacture protein-fortified kefir containing different concentrations of B. mori powder according to pH and sensory evaluations. The value of the protein-fortified kefir increased but the pH decreased with increasing incubation time, indicating that the amount of B. mori powder did not affect and pH. Addition of B. mori powder also did not affect the sensory properties of overall acceptability, texture, and color compared to control group without addition of B. mori powder. However, flavor and taste were affected by increasing the amounts of B. mori powder, with a significant difference in both flavor and taste between the control and treated groups (both p<0.05). There was no significant difference in overall acceptability, texture, and color. Further studies are needed for producing kefir as a dietary supplement utilizing the functional properties of B. mori.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.175-180
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• 2009

Recently, as the male silkworm pupae, bee pupae have the potential that strengths men's vitality on vascular endothelial nitric oxide in endothelial cells. Especially we prepared alcohol extract of pupae of bumblebee, native bee named Hobakbul, Bombus ignitus. The alcohol extract of pupae of B. ignitus was administered to rats at doses of 0, 0.04, 0.2, 1 or 2 g/kg as a single oral dose. There were no observed clinical signs or deaths related to treatment in all the groups tested. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of the alcohol extract B. ignitus pupae was considered to be higher than 2 g/kg in rats. Mild decreases in body weight gain in male were observed dose-dependently within B. ignitus pupae alcohol extract treated groups in dose response manner over 2 weeks. Throughout the administration periods, no significant changes in diet consumption, ophthalmologic findings, clinical pathology (hematology, clinical chemistry and coagulation) or gross pathology were detected. Minor changes in male and female rats were found in hematological parameters for all or partial of B. ignitus pupae extract treated groups but all the changes observed were within the physiological range. From these results, it was concluded that there was no-evidence of specific toxicity related to the ingestion of alcohol extract of B. ignitus pupae.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

Fruiting bodies of Cordyceps have been regarded as popular folk and effective medicines to treat human diseases such as asthma, bronchial and lung inflammation, and kidney disease. Cordyceps pruinosa (Clavicipitaceae; Hypocreales; Ascomycotina) has received special attention for medicinal purpose due to its various physiological activites. The nucleoside derivative N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA) isolated from it showed a $Ca^{2+}$ antagonistic effect and negative inotropic response. The artificial production of fruiting body of C. pruinosa has not been tried successfully yet by using living silkworm substrate. To develop techniques for the production of C. pruinosa stromata on a large scale, the infection of Bombyx mori with C. pruinosa and the growth characteristics of stroma of C. pruinosa were investigated. Also, studied about biological activities of fruiting body formed on silkworm. Infection rate of the silkworm pupae with C. pruinosa was the highest in injection inoculation. The formation of the fruiting body of C. pruinosa was quite good in the room controlled at $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, over 91% of relative humidity and over 1500 lx. Glucose concentration was high in the fruiting bodies of the silkworm pupae infected with C. pruinosa on a dry weight basis. The most abundant amino acid in the fruiting bodies was arginine and phenylalanine. The fruiting bodies of silkworm pupae infected with C. pruinosa was rich in oleic acid. The high amount of citric acid was found in the fruiting bodies of silkworm pupae infected with C. pruinosa.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.176-179
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• 1998

Injection method of Paecilomyces japonica to Antheraea pernyi pupal body was investigated on feasibility for production of the corresponding vegetable wasp and plant worm. Infection rate of P. japonica to the pupae was 100%, and also fruiting body formation rate was 97%. The initial pupal body weight of 9.38 g befor injection of P. japonica to the pupae was finally reduced to 7.87g after two weeks in vivo culture. From these results, the injection method to pupal body will be useful for the production of Antheraea vegetable wasp and plant worm in future.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2006

The present investigation was conducted to know the effects of host age on development and morphological characteristics of Nesolynx thymus, a gregarious ectopupal parasitoid of the uzi fly, Exorista bombycis, a serious en do-larval parasitoid of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. For experimentation, 3 - 11 day-old pupae of E. bombycis were exposed to 2 day-old adults of N. thymus at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C\;and\;60{\pm}10%$ RH. A highly significant negative correlation between host age and the following development and morphological characteristics of the parasitoid was observed: number of pupae parasitised, total adult recovery, sex ratio and recovery, longevity, body length, wing span, abdomen length, and abdomen width of females. The findings of the present study clearly demonstrate that various development and morphological parameters of N. thymus are influenced by the age of E. bombycis pupae.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

This experiment was carried out to study formation of fruitbody with Cordyceps scarabaeicola (EFCC C-252) isolate. This isolate was the one of best fruitbody formation on brown rice 60 g plus 30 g silkworm pupa media among EFCC C-251, EFCC C-252, EFCC C-1092 from EFCC (Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection) of Kangwon National University. Fruiting body was formed only isolate EFCC C-252 among tested isolates on the medium of brown rice (60 g) and silkworm pupae (30 g). The optimal temperature and light for fruiting body formation were $25^{\circ}C$ and fluorescent light (300 lux). The maximal fruiting body formation was observed at 70 g of brown rice and 80 g of silkworm pupa medium which was treated separately. Fruiting body was formed maximally by 2 days interval of irrigation.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 2011

This study was conducted to confirm the possible use of female Yangwonjam as a host for synnemata production of Isaria tenuipes in eight local areas in Korea. Silkworm pupation rate, infection rate and synnemata characteristics of I. tenuipes were examined. Normal silkworms had a higher pupation rate than silkworms inoculated with I. tenuipes. The pupae survival percentage of normal silkworm in cocoons was 92.5~97.6%, whereas it ranged from 91.1~95.6% in silkworms sprayed with I. tenuipes. Female Yangwonjam showed the highest survival percentage at 97.6% among the silkworm varieties tested. I. tenuipes infection rate of larvae of 5th instar newly-exuviated silkworms was 89.2~90.7% in the spring rearing season and 98.2~99.3% in the autumn rearing season. Synnemata production of I. tenuipes was excellent in female Yangwonjam with an incidence rate of 98.0% followed by male Yangwonjam (94.1%) and Baegokjam (93.3%) in the spring rearing season. Synnemata living weight ranged from 1.44~0.94 g in the spring rearing season. The female Yangwonjam had the heaviest synnemata weight (1.44 g) in the spring rearing season. The synnemata of I. tenuipes produced on pupae were white or milky-white in color, and were similar in shape and color to wild synnemata collected in Korea.