• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.25-57
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• 2012

This study identified motives for writing apparel product reviews in online stores, and determined what motives increase the behavior of writing reviews. It also classified store customers based on the type of writing motives, and clarified the characteristics of internet purchase behavior and of a demographic profile. Data were collected from 252 females aged 20s' and 30s' who have experience of reading and writing reviews on online shopping. The five types of writing motives were altruistic information sharing, remedying of a grievance and vengeance, economic incentives, helping new product development, and the expression of satisfaction feelings. Among five motives, altruistic information sharing, economic incentives, and helping new product development stimulate writing reviews. Store customers who write reviews were classified into three groups based on their writing motive types: Other consumer advocates(29.8%), self-interested shoppers(40.5%) and shoppers with moderate motives(29.8%). There were significant differences among three groups in writing behavior (the frequency of writing reviews, writing intent of reviews, duration of writing reviews, and frequency of online shopping) and age. Based on results, managerial implications were suggested. Long Abstract : The purpose of present study is to identify the types of writing motives on online shopping, and to clarify the motives affecting the behavior of writing reviews. This study also classifies online shoppers based on the motive types, and identifies the characteristics of the classified groups in terms of writing behavior, frequency of online shopping, and demographics. Use and Gratification Theory was adopted in this study. Qualitative research (focus group interview) and quantitative research were used. Korean women(20 to 39 years old) who reported experience with purchasing clothing online, and reading and writing reviews were selected as samples(n=252). Most of the respondents were relatively young (20-34yrs., 86.1%,), single (61.1%), employed(61.1%) and residents living in big cities(50.9%). About 69.8% of respondents read and 40.5% write apparel reviews frequently or very frequently. 24.6% of the respondents indicated an "average" in their writing frequency. Based on the qualitative result of focus group interviews and previous studies on motives for online community activities, measurement items of motives for writing after-purchase reviews were developed. All items were used a five-point Likert scale with endpoints 1 (strongly disagree) and 5 (strongly agree). The degree of writing behavior was measured by items concerning experience of writing reviews, frequency of writing reviews, amount of writing reviews, and intention of writing reviews. A five-point scale(strongly disagree-strongly agree) was employed. SPSS 18.0 was used for exploratory factor analysis, K-means cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA(Scheffe test) and ${\chi}^2$-test. Confirmatory factor analysis and path model analysis were conducted by AMOS 18.0. By conducting principal components factor analysis (varimax rotation, extracting factors with eigenvalues above 1.0) on the measurement items, five factors were identified: Altruistic information sharing, remedying of a grievance and vengeance, economic incentives, helping new product development, and expression of satisfaction feelings(see Table 1). The measurement model including these final items was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. The measurement model had good fit indices(GFI=.918, AGFI=.884, RMR=.070, RMSEA=.054, TLI=.941) except for the probability value associated with the ${\chi}^2$ test(${\chi}^2$=189.078, df=109, p=.00). Convergent validities of all variables were confirmed using composite reliability. All SMC values were found to be lower than AVEs confirming discriminant validity. The path model's goodness-of-fit was greater than the recommended limits based on several indices(GFI=.905, AGFI=.872, RMR=.070, RMSEA=.052, TLI=.935; ${\chi}^2$=260.433, df=155, p=.00). Table 2 shows that motives of altruistic information sharing, economic incentives and helping new product development significantly increased the degree of writing product reviews of online shopping. In particular, the effect of altruistic information sharing and pursuit of economic incentives on the behavior of writing reviews were larger than the effect of helping new product development. As shown in table 3, online store shoppers were classified into three groups: Other consumer advocates (29.8%), self-interested shoppers (40.5%), and moderate shoppers (29.8%). There were significant differences among the three groups in the degree of writing reviews (experience of writing reviews, frequency of writing reviews, amount of writing reviews, intention of writing reviews, and duration of writing reviews, frequency of online shopping) and age. For five aspects of writing behavior, the group of other consumer advocates who is mainly comprised of 20s had higher scores than the other two groups. There were not any significant differences between self-interested group and moderate group regarding writing behavior and demographics.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Purpose - This study plans to adopt a more sophisticated approach toward service recognition by customers in general supermarkets in order to revise the service quality measurement methods that suit the context of Korean distribution channels. In particular, in general supermarkets, where much of the shopping process is in the form of self-service, there is high reliance on the service recognized by the consumers; therefore, it is highly likely that consumers would make their purchasing decisions based on their recognition of service quality or guarantees. It also utilized service quality elements of a basic level in the KD-SQS development model in order to indicate that the quality recognized by consumers impacts their loyalty to the stores with financial value and abstract value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study suggested a theoretical model comprising 13 hypotheses on relations between theoretic variables, and conducted surveys with consumers using discount stores in Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses, while using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 21.0 as the verification program. The survey sheets used amounted to 332, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the reliability and validity of constituent elements and to verify the suggested hypothesis. Therefore, this study analyzes the interrelations between service quality and guarantee factors in the distribution channel and their relations with the loyalty to stores as a dependent variable. Results - First, the results of the hypotheses tests helped identify the relations between service quality, service guarantees, service value, and customer loyalty, providing an opportunity to define the relations between constituent elements. In particular, service convenience in service quality has no impact on financial values. Further, stores' service policy had no impact on abstract values. Service recognition by service convenience has an impact on abstract values such as good image, comfort, and usability, while mileage systems promote financial values for consumers. In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Conclusion - In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Further, as service guarantee systems have a significant and direct impact on customer loyalty, rather than customer value recognition, service guarantees should be used to encourage customers to re-visit the stores. Finally, this study applied the findings of preceding studies in terms of service quality measurement; it had limitations in referencing preceding studies in a comprehensive manner. It also had limits in expanding upon various preceding studies because it was difficult to apply new measurement tools due to the lack of service quality measurement tools for general supermarkets. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies on service quality to measure service quality and develop measurement tools by incorporating various industry characteristics.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.117-132
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• 2023

With the recent spread of COVID-19, the size of the online shopping market continues to increase, and various online platforms are appearing in the market, and many small and medium businesses are entering the platform. As the recent increase in the use of the platform by small andmedium businesses as raised the issue of appropriate platform fees, the need for social discussions on the use of the platform and fees is raised. Currently, most discussions regarding fees primarily focus on specific cases from a negative perspective, and discussions that comprehensively consider the platform's utilization value and fees are insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to systematically and comprehensively understand platform fees by considering the value of using platform services and commission costs together. To achieve this, the economic value of each platform service was estimated and analyzed in detail. It selected two industries that are actively using online platforms, delivery services and e-commerce, and paid attention to changes in expected profits generated by sellers using platform services, and compared and analyzed expected profits based on estimated sales and costs for each scenario, such as whether sellers entered the platform and whether they used the service. As a result of the study, our results that entering the platform and using the platform service enable sales increase and cost reduction, which have a positive effect on the seller's expected profit. Through this study, we intend to understand platform fees from the perspective of user fees for platform service use and value acquisition, and based on this, estimate the economic value of platform services and fees to expand the value and cost of using platform services to a comprehensive and systematic discussion.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-61
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• 2008

Previous U-Commerce researches have dealt with the business support systems for traditional commerce space such as real world shopping malls. This paper investigates U-Commerce business models in service space. The McDonald's Touch-Order case is analyzed from business model perspective and the Media-Embedded Place business model is introduced as a U-Commerce business model for value creation in service space. The media-embedded place business model attaches auto-identification tags to tables or billboards, triggers commercial transaction through the tags, and shares the revenues and the incentives among the place owners and commerce/content providers. This paper analyzes its scenario and applications and illustrates the profitability analysis using so-called 'tag evaluation model'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.737-749
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• 2013

As more famous and luxurious fashion brands enter the online market, the changes in the online market include those in the composition of merchandise, price image, and consumer behavior. Focusing on these changes, this study examines the relation of consumer price attitude and impulse buying behavior towards internet apparel purchases. Data were obtained from 377 males and females in their 20s-40s who purchased apparel from an internet mall. Convenience sampling through the internet was performed. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and regression analysis using SPSS for Windows 12.0. The results of this study are as follows. First, four dimensions of consumer price attitudes towards internet apparel purchases were found that included price-quality/prestige, sale, value for money, and low price orientation. Second, the influence of consumer price attitude on impulse buying is significant. As the price attitude of price-quality/prestige orientation and sale orientation increases, impulse buying orientation is stronger. Third, there are partially significant differences on the sub-dimensions of consumer price attitude and the influence of price attitude on impulse buying by gender and age. This study will be of help to internet companies by providing information in regards to a price attitude-based marketing strategy and an adequate response to customer impulse buying.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.76-87
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the nutrition knowledge and attitude of the elderly for developing nutrition education program. The nutrition knowledge test was consisted of nutrition, nutrients, weight control, food safety, and shopping tips by developing the table of specifications. The nutrition attitude test was comprised of seventeen questions for invention, self-efficacy, control, and outcome expectation. A total of 140 elderly living at home responded to both nutrition knowledge and attitude test. According to the results of nutrition knowledge test, the mean was 13.3 at the maximum 18 points and 51.4% respondents got more than 14 points. Significant differences were found with age (p<0.05, $x^2$=21.46), charge of income (p<0.05, $x^2$=8.86) and monthly expenses(p<0.05, $x^2$=22.95). The results of nutrition attitude test showed that the mean value of 40.89 points at the maximum 51 points and 58.6% of respondents rated more than 40.89 points. In exploring the relationship between the demographic variables(sex, age, educational level, and monthly expenses) and for attitude concepts, a significant correlation was found. Correlation among the knowledge for nutrition, nutrients, and the attitudes for nutrition was significant(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.620-626
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• 2006

Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) is one of the greatest problems in our modern societies. Although research for IAQ is made rapid progress but IAQ problems concerning in door microorganism contamination is required to be studied still more. So we have investigated the indoor microorganism concentration of a variety of department store, subway station, underground shopping center, kindergartens, library where people complain about the in-door air quality. The experiment on microorganism concentration of indoor air was carried out and the average of total microorganisms was measured. Comparing the experimental results with existing foreign criterion, the experimental results show that the ministry of environment recommendation microorganism concentration value ($800 CFU/m^3$) is in need of revision in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.277-288
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• 2005

The proliferation of the internet technologies and applications has intensified business activities on the Internet. This study considered the price competition between two shopping channels, one on-line seller and the other traditional off-line retailer. Based on the Hotelling's linear market model, we derive the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria as a function of the cost parameters which represent the characteristics of the online and off-line channels. By analyzing the equilibrium solutions, the following significant findings were obtained. First, pricing by Stackelberg equilibrium always outperformed that of Nash equilibrium. However the value of the cost parameters played a crucial role in determining both channels' preferred position (price leader or follower). Second, the online seller could benefit more in terms of profit by lowering its efficiency when its efficiency belongs to a certain interval. Third, when the online seller's efficiency is low, lowering its delivery cost has no contribution to its profit. To benefit more from lowering its delivery cost, increasing its channel efficiency to a certain level should be preceded.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.557-571
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• 2014

This study examined the evaluation of Mongolian cashmere products by foreign tourists visiting Mongolia, purchase motivation, and purchase intention by nationality as well as analyzed factors that affected purchase intentions. Questionnaires were distributed in Ulaanbaatar from July $25^{th}$ to September $3^{rd}$, 2012. We collected 626 questionnaires and used 616 copies in the final analysis (149 from Koreans, 128 from Japanese, 119 from Russians and 220 from English-speaking countries). Awareness about Mongolian cashmere products and purchase intentions differed significantly by nationality. Purchase motivations were divided into 3 factors-usefulness, mood shift, gifts and souvenir. Evaluation of cashmere products consisted of 5 factors-product excellence, uniqueness, ostentation, economic value and fashionableness. Purchase motivation and evaluation differed significantly by nationality. Purchase intention was significantly related to awareness prior to visit, product excellence, usefulness, gift/souvenir motivation factors, and nationality.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

Purpose - This research strives to analyze and investigate customers' perception of the dimensions of service quality at retails in Makassar Municipality of Indonesia Country. This research tries to present its results empirically, which might be helpful to prepare a strategy to improve the service quality at retail companies. Research design, data, and methodology - The research uses Parasuraman's in 1985 unmodified SERVQUAL approach. This research is conducted using a questionnaire by purposive random sampling with 150 housewives customers who are met while they are shopping. The object of the study included several retail companies such as Alfa Mart, Alfa Midi, and Indomart operating in Makassar, Indonesia, which has been serving in 2017. Analysis was conducted by quantitative descriptive analysis, measurement of variable dimensions on the questionnaire using a Likert scale, and using cartecius graph and quadrant graphs to determine the gap size of each variable. Result - This research finds that the tangible and empathy dimensions such as product layout and lighting condition should be prioritized, and the empathy dimension whose gap value is too prominent such us peak load time condition and problem-solving adjustment. Conclusion - The second priority is responsiveness dimensions, and the last priority is reliability and assurance dimensions.