• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 1991

Various concentrations of ${\alpha}$-naphthalence acetic acid(NAA) as a root-promoting substance were tested in hardwood cutting of the mulberry(Morus bombycis Koidz., cultivar : Shinkwangppong) to make clear the callusing effect on the budding and root growth. Budding and shoot growth of cuttings were delayed at high concentrations of NAA within 10 days of callusing. Especially more severe is it at higher than 50ppm. More than 93% of them, however, budded in two weeks when callused at less than 100ppm NAA. Although rooting was accelerated at high concentration of NAA from the bigining of cutting, after that, rooting percentage increased to reach 100% in 35 days of cutting in any concentration except 150ppm with relatively low rooting. Root growth was utmostly accelerated at 50ppm NAA to show the highest amount in number, length and weight of roots per cutting although high concentration of it decreased mean root length.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.333-339
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• 1994

Enzyme activities and phenolic compound were compared to investigate the physiological characteristics during shoot formation from diploid and haploid of Nicotiana tabacum w BY4. The Nakata medium with 1.0 mg/L IAA, 0.5 mg/L Kinetin and 3 g/L activie carbon was excellent to induce the haploid plants from the middle size anther within 30 days after culture. The MS medium with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D was good for callus induction from leaf explants of diploid and haploid, and a lot of plane were regenerated from calli on the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAE Activities of peroxidase for both of diploid and haploid plane were the highest at 2.0mg/L BAP Activities of IAA oxidase and catalase of haploid Plants were high or than those of diploid plants. On the other hand, activity of peroxidase of haploid plants were lower than those of diploid plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

In order to obtain plantlet derived by anthers, the anthers of Lilium asiatic hybrid 'Gran Paradiso' were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with various combinations of auxin and cytokinin. The most suitable pollen stage of anther culture for the callus induction was 3 days before anthesis at the early to late binucleate stage. Organogenic calli were induced on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D alone and the combination of 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L kinetin, however, the combination of NAA and BA was more effective than that of 2,4-D and kinetin on plant regeneration through organogenesis. Shoots were formed from the induced callus on the medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA after 180 days of culture. Multiple shoots with 3-4 leaves, roots, and bulblets were formed on the medium with the combination of 2.0 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BA after 250 days of culture. The chromosome from root tip of the regenerated plantlet showed the diploid (2n=2x=24). Diploid plants were transferred to the pots and all plants were flowered in two years.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.221-224
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• 2003

Leaf explants of Ixeris sonchifolia produced adventitious shoots at a frequency of 100% when cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.44, 4.44, or 8.87 ${\mu}M$) and 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA, or MS medium supplemented with 22.19 ${\mu}M$ BA and 2.69 ${\mu}M\;\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) after four weeks of culture. Each explants (approximately $3{\times}6mm$) produced greater than 70 shoots at a combination of 0.44 ${\mu}M$ BA and 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA. Leaf explants produced shoots at a frequency of greater than 80% even at as low as 0.13 ${\mu}M$ BA as the sole growth regulator. Upon transfer to one-third strength MS with 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA, excised adventitious shoots were rooted at a frequency of 100%. Regenerated plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in a greenhouse. The competence of I. sonchifolia for plant regeneration via organogenesis appears to be greater than the competence of tobacco, currently the best model plant for organogenesis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

Somatic embryos or adventitious buds were formed from the segments of zygotic embryo of Lycium chinense Mill. on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with auxins (2,4-D, NAA, IAA) and / or cytokinins (zeatin, kinetin, BAP). Embryogenic callus formed on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and then differentiated into somatic embryos without transfer to hormone free medium. On the other hand, adventitious buds were formed on medium with 0.01 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L zeatin. Among various parts of zygotic embryos, the morphogenic potential was higher in the cotyledonary region, and the most organogenic potential was found in cotyledon followed by radicle, hypocotyl, and whole embryo. Histologically, bipolar structure of the heart-shaped embryos were confirmed and in adventitious buds only shoot apical meristems were found to exist.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2017

Cymbidium aloifolium (L). Sw. is an exquisite epiphytic orchid of the Kolli Hills (Eastern Ghats) of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. It is fast disappearing from its natural habitats due to deforestation and low germination rate in natural habitat. In the present study, an attempt was made to germinate the seeds from un-dehisced capsule of Cymbidium aloifolium (L). Sw under in vitro condition. The seed germination and protocorm development were recorded in three different well known media namely Knudson C (KC), Half strength Murashige & Skoog (1/2 MS) and Vacin & Went (VW) media. The highest seed germination of 90% was observed KC basal media after $30^{th}$ days whereas germination percentages were 40% and 30% on 1/2 MS and VW media respectively. The well-developed protocorm were transferred to KC media supplemented with 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) where BAP (1.0 mg/l) and NAA (1.0 mg/l) together were found to be optimum for the highest shoot formation. About 90% of the shoots found to be well rooted after transfer to the KC medium differently supplemented with 1.5 mg/l Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Though rooting also took place in the two basic media but the duration was longer when compared with the hormone-supplemented media. The rooted plantlets were hardened and kept under greenhouse conditions which can be relocated in natural habitats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 1997

100% root formation in in vitro cultures was observed regardless of kind and levels of auxin used and explant source. The number of roots/explant was increased in 0.5~1.0 mg/L IAA treatment. Thicker roots were observed with the addition of 9% sucrose compared with medium containing lower sucrose concentrations. Paclobutrazol and chlormequat had no effect on tuberization of formed roots but slightly increased the number of root. In in vivo rooting, soaking of regenerated shoot cuttings to 100 mg/L IBA for 15 to 60 minutes was found effective. Treatment of 0.1% IBA rooting powder and planting in rooting medium composred of vermiculite(1) : perlite(1) gave 100% rooting and survival.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.110-114
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• 2010

Highest increase of biomass was observed when tissue-cultured potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Chubaek) shoots were cultured in a liquid medium containing 1/3 MS solution in a 18 L bioreactor, as compared to 1/4 and 1/2 MS solution. The medium containing 1/4 MS solution showed higher increase of shoot biomass than one containing 1/2 MS solution. Potato microtubers were formed when the medium was exchanged with the medium for microtuber formation and incubated under dark condition. The microtubers were observed first at some axillary buds one week after incubation under dark condition and then at most of the axillary buds by the end of 3 weeks. The 1.5 MS liquid medium and $20^{\circ}C$ were optimal conditions. By the end of 6 weeks, more 1,000 microtubers were formed in the 18 L bioreactor. Then, greened microtubers were harvested after one week culture under light condition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2010

To establish the system of In vitro plant regeneration, the floral bud and leaf explants of Sedum rotundifolium were cultured on the MS media supplemented with different concentration of 2,4-D, NAA, and BA. The callus induction was more effective in the floral explants than the leaf explants, and was the best on MS medium containing 1.0 or 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA. The highest numbers of shoots were regenerated when callus were cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA for 8 weeks. The normal root formation from shoot was effective on the MS medium containing IAA alone. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to the pot and acclimatized successfully.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to figure out the best condition in growth and sod quality of Mentha spp. according to cutting methods and soil depth. Applemint (M. suaveolens), Peppermint (M. piperita), and Spearmint (M. spicata) were used. Regardless of cultivar and soil depth condition, the growth rate in top cutting was higher than layering method. The difference between layering and layering without apical meristem was not significant. Optimal condition for growth was 5cm depth of soil. However, the shallower the depth of the soil, the better quality of sod. Among three Mentha species, M suavelens showed plant height and node number and M. piperita had shoot number were higher than other variety. The best condition of sod was top cutting and 1cm depth of soil regardless of cultivar.