• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.24-33
• /
• 2009

Objectives: In September 2008, an outbreak of diarrhea occurred among students attending Y school in Yeongcheon-si. Shigella sonnei was cultured from some of the rectal swabs. An epidemiological investigation was carried out to determine the source of the infection and the mode of transmission of the shigellosis outbreak. Methods: The index case lived in the D rehabilitation facility in Gyeongsan-si and an additional epidemiological investigation was carried out there. The cases could not be questioned due to their mental handicaps. The teachers were interviewed instead. A patient case was defined as a resident with diarrhea more than one time a day from September 18 to September 26, 2008 or a resident with confirmed Shigella sonnei at the Y school or the D rehabilitation facility. Results: The attack rate was 1.2% (8 persons) among 659 persons in the Y school and D rehabilitation facility. Five persons were microbiologically confirmed to have the infection and three persons were diagnosed on the basis of symptoms. Shigella sonnei was cultured from five of the 659 rectal swabs. However, 80 environmental specimens including drinking water, preserved foods, and cooking utensils were negative. All eight patients were Y school students and had been living in group boarding and lodging. Six of them lived in the D rehabilitation facility and two lived in the dormitory at the Y school. Five cases showed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns that were identical for Shigella sonnei. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the infection source of the shigellosis outbreak, in the two places, were identical. It is likely that the infections initially spread from a teacher or volunteer and then among the students.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.726-732
• /
• 2017

Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio cholerae, Variola virus and Shigella dysenteriae are classified as category A and B biological weapons. In this study suggest that 4 genes of Bacillus anthracis, 2 genes of Vibrio cholerae, 1 gene of Variola virus and 1 gene of Shigella dysenteriae were detective 50~500 fg of target DNA per reaction using real-time PCR based assay. Also analytical specificity did not show any cross-reactivity with other related bacteria. Reliable and one reaction could be effective early diagnostic and treatment for detection of unknown samples.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 1974

During March to October 1973 at National Medical Center, one thousand four hundred sixty four pathogens that exclude penicillin sensitive organisms such as gonococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus; ampicillin sensitive H. influenzae and gentamicin sensitive pseudomonas spp, were isolated. These strains identified as follows: Sta. aureus 399 E. coli 359 Sta. epidermidis 183 Klebsiella spp 171 Proteus spp 103 B. anitratum 80 Salmonella spp 68 Enterococcus 53 Shigella spp 48 In general, Sta. epidermidis is regarded as nonpathogen, however, author included pure culture of this bacteria in this study. 1. High susceptibility to staphylococcus reveals cephalosporin, methicillin, gentamicin & leucomycin. 2. Ampicillin is only one susceptible antibiotic to Enterococcus. 3. Cephalosporin and gentamicin reveal susceptible antibiotics to E. coli. 4. Gentamicin is only one susceptible antibiotic to Klebsiella spp. 5. Gentamicin & carbenicillin reveal moderately susceptible antibiotics to Proteus spp. 6. There is no susceptible antibiotic to B. anitratum. 7. About thirty percent strains of salmonella are resistant to chloramphenicol. 8. Carbenicillin, cephalosporin & gentamicin reveal susceptible to shigella spp. 9. Multiple resistant rate to more than two antibiotics which includes tetracycline are as follows. Sta. aureus 56.5% E. coli. 80.9% Shigella spp 93.8%

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.1616-1621
• /
• 2007

We have established a SYBR Green-based realtime PCR method using AnyDirect solution, which enhances PCR from whole blood, for direct amplification of the virA gene of Shigella flexneri and the invA gene of Salmonella typhimurium from human feces without prior DNA purification. When we compared the efficiency of conventional or realtime PCR amplification of the virA and invA genes from the supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with S. flexneri and S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of AnyDirect solution, amplification products were detected only in reactions to which AnyDirect solution had been added. The detection limit of real-time PCR was $1{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. flexneri and $2{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. typhimurium; this sensitivity level was comparable to other studies. Our real-time PCR assay with AnyDirect solution is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific, and allows simultaneous detection of S. flexneri and S. typhimurium directly from fecal samples without prior DNA purification.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 1984

One hundred and forty strains of Shigella cultures isolated from the twelve hygiene laboratories of cities and provincial level and general hospital laboratories in 1983, and were tested for their resistance to 13 antimicrobial drugs and their R-Plasmid transfer. One hundred and forty (100%) of isolates were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, a total of 94.3% of all shigella isolates were resistant to 1 or more of the 13 antimicrobial agents tested. The most commonly found resistance was to chloramphenicol (94%), followed by streptomycin (93%), tetracycline (92%), piperacillin (90%), ampicillin (83%), cefoperazone (42%), nalidixic acid (14%), cephalothin (17%), rifampicin (22%), and kanamycin (6%). Sixty percent of strains among 140 were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline at same time. The transfer of drug resistance by conjugation was tested and 94 strains (94.3%) which were resistant to one or more drugs were found to transfer their drug resistance to E. coli.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.214-222
• /
• 1999

Prunus mume has been used for the folk medicine by many old civilizations to treat food-borne diseases or enteric disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of beverages containing Prunus mume extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seven different types of Prunus mume extracts containing beverages have been prepared for the test in which minimum inhibitory concentration for each microorganism has been determined by serial dilution method using either TSA or TSB medium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed least resistance and 0.3g/$m\ell$ concentrations of 5% Prunus mume extracts containing beverage had antimicrobial property against the organism. Beverages containing more than 15% of Prunus mume extracts showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms at the MIC value of less than 0.25g/$m\ell$. The effect of Prunus mume on the growth of food-borne pathogens has been also studied using a spectrophotometer. In the growth assay, each of the Prunus mume extracts containing beverage was added to the medium at the concentration of 25% (v/v). Beverage containing 20% Prunus mume extracts showed inhibitory effect on the growth of all tested microorganisms.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2015

The causative agent of shigellosis, Shigella flexneri, is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterial pathogen that causes one of the most infectious bacterial dysenteries in humans. It originates infection by invading cells of the colonic epithelium using a type III secretion system. Despite S. flexneri is closely linked with the human disease, structural study is very deficient. Here, we have initiated NMR study of SF1002 which is the uncharacterized protein from S. flexneri strain 5a M90T. Based on a series of triple resonance spectra, sequence-specific assignments of the backbone amide resonances of SF1002 could be completed. This NMR study would contribute to the structural genomics of S.flexneri.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.621-629
• /
• 2021

Shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery in humans. Infection with S. flexneri can result in more than a million deaths yearly and most of the victims are children in developing countries. Therefore, identifying novel and unique drug targets against this pathogen is instrumental to overcome the problem of drug resistance to the antibiotics given to patients as the current therapy. In this study, a comparative analysis of the metabolic pathways of the host and pathogen was performed to identify this pathogen's essential enzymes for the survival and propose potential drug targets. First, we extracted the metabolic pathways of the host, Homo sapiens, and pathogen, S. flexneri, from the KEGG database. Next, we manually compared the pathways to categorize those that were exclusive to the pathogen. Further, all enzymes for the 26 unique pathways were extracted and submitted to the Geptop tool to identify essential enzymes for further screening in determining the feasibility of the therapeutic targets that were predicted and analyzed using PPI network analysis, subcellular localization, druggability testing, gene ontology and epitope mapping. Using these various criteria, we narrowed it down to prioritize 5 novel drug targets against S. flexneri and one vaccine drug targets against all strains of Shigella. Hence, we suggest the identified enzymes as the best putative drug targets for the effective treatment of S. flexneri.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.258-267
• /
• 2006

Distribution of population densities of heterotrophic bacteria, E. coli, and Salmonella and Shigella in seawater and sediments at 40 stations near Samcheonpo Bay were measured for 3 times from July to December, 2003. Population densities of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater during survey periods were in the range of $1.7{\pm}0.9{\times}10^3{\sim}2.4{\pm}0.9{\times}10^5$ CFU $mL^{-1}$ and the highest density was shown at St. 34 during the sampling period of September, 2003. Population densities of heterotrophic bacteria were shown higher values on September than those of July and December at all sampling stations. Population densities of anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria in sediments during survey periods were in the range of $2.2{\pm}0.2{\times}10^3{\sim}2.0{\pm}0.2{\times}10^5$ CFU $mL^{-1}$ and their population densities at sampling stations far from Samcheonpo Bay measured lower values than those near Samcheonpo Bay. Population densities of anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria in the sediments were not affected by physico-chemical factors of upper water environment. E. coli were detected only at 8 stations in seawater and 4 stations in the sediments among 40 sampling stations on July and were not detected during September and December. Salmonella and Shigella were detected only a few stations on July and September during sampling periods.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2007

This study has been carried out for investigating the relatedness of representative 135 Shigella sonnei strains isolated from 2000 to 2004 by using biotyping and antimicrobial resistance. All strains showed typical biochemical characterisics of Shigella strain. Among 135 strains,79 (58.5%) strains were biotype "g",54 (40.0%) strains were biotype "a" and 2 (1.5%) strains were biotype "e". The results of susceptibility test against 16 antimicrobial agents were like this. Most of strains were susceptible to AN, CIP, C and GM. 129 (95.6%) strains were resistant to SXT, 126 (93.3%) strains were resistant to TE and 122 (90.4%) strains were resistant to SM. One hundred thirty two (97.8%) strains were resistant to more than two antimicrobial agents. R28 type (antimicrobial resistance patterns 28: resistant to AM, SAM, TE, TIC, SXT, K, SM and AmC) were 42 strains (31.1%). The other strains were showed 33 kinds of R patterns. The results of $bla_{TEM}$, sulII, tetA and strA gene detection were coincided with phenotype of antimicrobial resistance by disk diffusion method. But some strains which had sulII and strA genes were not showed the resistance against SXT and SM.