• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.769-778
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• 2007

Using ICP-AES, we analyzed manganese content in 366 foods consumed frequently by Koreans. For the analysis, it was included a total of 366 foods such as 51 kinds of grains, 7 kinds of potatoes and starches, 7 kinds of sugars and sweeteners, 12 kinds of legumes, 11 kinds of nuts and seeds, 68 kinds of vegetables, 7 kinds of mushrooms, 33 kinds of fruits, 13 kinds of meats, 4 kinds of eggs, 48 kinds of fishes and shellfishes, 7 kinds of seaweeds, 16 kinds of milks, 8 kinds of oils and fats, 27 kinds of beverages, 34 kinds of seasonings, 13 kinds of processed foods and others. Among the grains, starches and sugars, manganese content of rice was 0.745 mg/100g. As for legumes, the content of manganese in soybean milk was 0.033 mg/100g and in black beans was 4.075 mg/100g. In nuts and seeds, the content of manganese in gingko nuts was 0.268 mg/100g while that in pine nuts was 8.872 mg/100g. Among the vegetables, manganese contents were 0.061 mg/100g in cherry tomato and 14.017 mg/100g in ginger. In mushrooms, the highest manganese content was displayed in ear mushroom at 10.382 mg/100g. Dried jujube and shrimp were found to be the fruits and fishes with high manganese contents at 2.985 mg/100g and 3.512 mg/100g, respectively. Among dairy foods, oils and beverages, manganese content was the highest in instant coffee powder at 2.577 mg/100g. Seasonings and processed foods posted 0.010 mg/100g in Sagolgomtang, instant soup and 23.846 mg/100g in pepper. In a furture, more various food for manganese content needs to be analyzed and a reliable food database should be compiled from the findings of researches in order to estimate manganese consumption accurately.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2014

Ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii; Korean name, pijogae) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed shellfishes in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of ark shell. After preparing the methanol extract of ark shell powder, the extract was subsequently fractionated by hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water. The antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power was relatively higher in the water fraction; however, the activity was spread out in all fractions. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was the highest in the diethyl ether fraction. Taken together with the results of both antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, it can be suggested that different kinds of physiological compounds were contained in the ark shell.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.662-668
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• 2017

This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters Crassostrea gigas, short-necked clams Ruditapes philippinarum and corb shells Cyclina sinensis from the West Coast of Korea from June through November 2013. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolated strains of E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus to 12 antimicrobial agents used in Korea for clinical or veterinary therapy were analyzed. Antimicrobial resistance to at least one antibiotic was seen in 52.0% of the E. coli isolates (156 strains) and 44.3% of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates (194 strains). The resistance of the E. coli (34.0%) and V. parahaemolyticus (41.8%) isolates to ampicillin was highest. Multiple antimicrobial resistance against at least three antimicrobials was seen in 9.0% of the E. coli isolates and 1.0% of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.74-80
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• 2001

Due to floating marine debris, seabed litters, dead shellfishes and polluted sediments, etc. , which are mainly caused by fishery activities in a large scale around the coastline, expansion of industrialized areas from economic development and drastic increase of free time by the improved standard of living, Korean coast is believed to be cast beyond the self purification of marine ecosystem. Seabed litters, if not remedied in a timely manner, will eventually lead to the overall disorder of benthic ecosystem. Thus, in order to prevent marine ecosystem from being thrown into confusion by seabed litters and to restore ocean environments, it is reasonable to investigate the current status of the seabed litters by carrying out an extensive examination on them and to equip ourselves for marine debris with an systemized tool that provides supports to the building process of an efficient methodology of litters disposal through managing related data appropriately. As an primary step to this goal, a systematic method of investigation is presented in this paper. With this methodology, the present state of the seabed titters is properly understood for the specified list of ports.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 1988

In an attempt to develop natural seasoning materials by use of shellfishes and crustaceans, contents of taste components such as amino acids, nucleotide and its derivatives, the extractability of oyster (Crassostrea gigas), sea mussel(Mytilus coruscus) and crab(Portanus tribuerculata) were investigated. As a result of chemical analysis and sensory evaluation, the optimum condition of extraction could be concluded as extracting fresh or frozen raw materials for about 40 min. at $95^{\circ}C$ with 1.5 to 2 times of water by volume. The contents of free amino acids in the extractions were much in sequence as crab(1,886 mg%), mussel(765 mg%) and oyster(554 mg%), and the dominant amino acids in each extracts were identified as glutamic acid, alanine, glycine, proline and arginine in oyster, threonine, alanine, arginine, glycine and glutamic acid in mussel, arginine, proline, lysine, alanine and threonine in crab respectively. In addition, the major nucleotides affecting as taste enhancer of each extracts were estimated as inosine in oyster and crab, and inosine monophosphate in mussel respectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.15-20
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• 2010

The contamination loadings generated in Changwon City are coming into Masan Bay through the Bongam tidal flat except the loadings collected and transferred by sewer lines to the wastewater treatment plant. The recovery of waterbirds, shellfishes, and fishes has been quite well recognized in recent years after the first implementation of Masan Bay TPLM (Total Pollution Loads Management) in Korea. This tidal flat has been conserved by the cooperation of several stakeholders and utilized as an ecosystem field site for in situ education. A large industrial complex has been operated since 1970's, therefore increasing the level of pollutants in estuary and costal sediments, especially by heavy metals. Zinc, copper, and lesd contamination of sediment was revealed at higher level by Clean-up guideline (MOMAF) or heavily polluted level by SQC (USEPA). There was a significant difference between two sites at the 95% confidence level, which implies no homogeneity in the processes of transport and deposition even at 500 m of distance. The heavy metal concentrations in the Bongam sediments have been gradually decreased with comparing the data of 2006, and 2009.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.1-19
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• 1973

Heavy metal concentrations have been determined in fishes and shellfishes sampled from October 1971 to April 1972 in Korea. In general, fish viscera, shellfish muscle and crustacean exoskeleton contained high concentrations of the metals. With regard to the regional variations of the metals, samples of the west coast of Korea contained relatively high concentrations of mercury, copper, cadmium and lead, but those of the south coast contained high levels of cadmium and lead. In particular, the concentrations of copper in the samples of the west coast were almost twice as much those of the other coasts. The concentrations of mercury in the samples, as a whole, ranged from 0.02 to 0.58 ppm with an average of 0.16 ppm. The concentrations of cadmium were higher in the fish viscera and shellfish than the fish muscle, ranging from less than 0.02 to 0.78 ppm with an average of 0.12 ppm in the fish and shellfish muscle samples. The lead concentrations were slightly high in the fish viscera. In the muscle and bone of fish and shellfish, the range was 0.06-4.84 ppm with an average of about 1 ppm. The concentrations of copper were very high in the viscera of fish and shellfish. The shellfish muscle contained almost four times as much copper as in the fish muscle, particularly cephalopods, i. e., squid and octopus, contained very high levels of copper, and oysters collected from Gunsan area on the west coast contained the highest levels of copper. The concentrations of copper ranged from 0.12 to 28.7 ppm with an average of 1.4 ppm in the fish muscle and of 5.9 ppm in the shellfish muscle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1064-1070
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• 2005

Tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of commonly consumed foods in Korea were determined by saponification or direct solvent extraction followed by normal phase liquid chromatography. All samples were locally obtained in the year of 2002 and 2003. The study included 13 meats, 15 fishes and shellfishes, 4 seaweeds, 7 mushrooms, 19 milk and milk products, 6 legumes, 12 nuts, 17 processed foods and 17 Korean traditional foods. All of the vitamin E isomers were quantitated and the results were expressed as $\alpha-tocopherol$ equivalent $(\alpha-TE)$. The relatively higher amount of vitamin E was found in beef boiled in soy, dried squid, toasted seaweed, milk powder, soritae, sunflower seeds, ramyon (instant noodle), and kochujang from meats, fishes, seaweeds, milk products, legumes, processed foods, and traditional foods, respectively. This study provided reliable vitamin E data in commonly consumed foods in Korea for the nutritional information and food composition database.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2004

The factors of obesity related with food habits were assessed to provide information for nutrition education database. The subjects in this study were 234 primary school children in Busan. Children were classified into normal and obese groups(mildly obese, moderately obese and severely obese) by obesity index. In self-recognition of body image, only 28.6% of MI group considered themselves as 'overweight or obese'. 87.2% of the subjects controlled their weight method with exercise. With regard to meal speed, 64.5% of the subjects ate $fast({\leq}15\;min.)$. The study also found that 79.8% of the subjects ate breakfast, 56.4% of the subjects them were moderate by obese, 40.8% of the subjects ate snacks after dinner. Eating speed, meal volume and snacks money per day were significantly different in obesity. Preference for eating out was Korean Chinese, Western and Japanese food, in order. Favorite food for snack, such as ddukbokki, fruits, milk. fried foods and candy and caramel were significantly different in obesity(p<0.05). However hamberger, pizza and chocolate were not significantly different in obesity. The most preference snack for all the subjects were fruits and ice cream. In food preference, potato, dduk, meats, fishes, cheese, milk, ice cream were significantly different in obesity. The distasteful food for subjects were patbab, vegetables, shellfishes and salt-fermented foods. From above results, obesity of children was related to meal speed, meal volume and snacks motley per day. Therefore, these results suggest that continuous and practical nutrition education to change food habits art necessary to avoid child obesity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.152-156
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• 2002

Totally, 742 fishery products were collected at Garak wholesale market in Seoul from Jan. to Dec. in 2001. Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 12.5%(93/742). The detection ratio of V. parahaemolyticus by month was reached the maximum in summer season (July to September). The highest ratio with 22.9% were abtained from molluscs, followed by shellfishes with 15.3%, and fishes and crustaceans with about 8%. The ratio of serotypable strains were 15.2%(10/66) and identified serotyps of V.parahaemolyticus were K24, K28, K34, K42, K47 and K53