• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2013

Rapid and effective repair methods are desired to enable quick reopening of damaged bridges after an earthquake occurs, especially for those bridges that are critical for emergency response and other essential functions. This paper presents results of tests conducted as a proof-of-concept in the effectiveness of a proposed method using externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites to rapidly repair severely damaged RC columns with different damage conditions. The experimental work included five large-scale severely damaged square RC columns with the same geometry and material properties but with different damage conditions due to different loading combinations of bending, shear, and torsion in the previous tests. Over a three-day period, each column was repaired and retested under the same loading combination as the corresponding original column. Quickset repair mortar was used to replace the removed loose concrete. Without any treatment to damaged reinforcing bars, longitudinal and transverse CFRP sheets were externally bonded to the prepared surface to restore the column strength. Measured data were analyzed to investigate the performance of the repaired columns compared to the corresponding original column responses. It was concluded that the technique can be successful for severely damaged columns with damage to the concrete and transverse reinforcement. For severely damaged columns with damaged longitudinal reinforcement, the technique was found to be successful if the damaged longitudinal reinforcement is able to provide tensile resistance, or if the damage is located at a section where longitudinal CFRP strength can be developed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1979

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the bioavailability of oxytetracycline in pathological rats and rabbits pretreated with carbon tetrachloride and mercuric chloride. The results are as follows: The blood level of oxytetracycline administered orally was mostly decreased significantly in rabbits damaged kidney and liver, and in rabbits severely damaged kidney, the blood level of oxytetracycline was not significant at 4 to 6 hours. Urinary clearance of oxytetracycline in rabbits severely damaged kidney was inhibited at 5 to 6 hours but in rabbits damaged liver. Hepatic clearance of oxytetracycline was accelerated in rabbits damaged kidney but in rabbits damaged liver. AUC of oxytetracycline orally administered in rabbits damaged liver and kidney was largely decreased. The absorption of oxytetracycline was decreased in rats damaged liver and kidney as compared with that of normal rats. Especially, absorption of oxytetracycline in rats damaged liver was more decreased than that of rats damaged kidney. The absorption of oxytetracycline was inhibited by combinated administration of carbon tetrachloride and mercuric chloride.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1978

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the bioavailability of sulfadimethoxine in pathological rats and rabbits pretreated with carbon tetrachloride and mercuric chloride. The results are as follows: The absorption of sulfadimethoxine was decreased in rats damaged liver and kidney as compared with that of normal rats. Especially, absorption of sulfadimethoxine in rats damaged liver was more decreased than that of rats damaged kidney. Blood level of sulfadimethoxine administered orally was mostly decreased significantly in rabbits damaged kidney and liver, and in rabbits severely damaged kidney the blood level of sulfadimethoxine was not significant at 4 to 6 hours. Urinary clearance of sulfadimethoxine in rabbits severely damaged kidney was inhibited at 5 to 6 hours. but in rabbit damaged liver. Hepatic clearance of sulfadimethoxine was accelerated in rabbits damaged kidney but in rabbits damaged liver. Protein binding percentage of sulfadimethoxine was not affected by the various concentration of carbon tetrachloride and mercuric chloride respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2008

강원도 양양 지역 산불 피해 소나무 목재의 피해 정도에 따른 해부 및 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 피해 정도에 따라 수피의 탄화 깊이가 깊어지는 경향이 관찰되었으나 목질부까지 탄화가 진행되지는 않았으며 수지의 삼출정도에 차이를 보였다. 산불 피해목 변재의 생재함수율은 건전재보다 다소 낮게 나타났으나 심재의 경우에는 건전재보다 피해목이 다소 높게 나타났다. 생재밀도는 피해재 심재가 건전재 심재보다 다소 높게 나타났으며, 변재에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 형성층대를 관찰한 결과, 산불 피해를 강하게 입은 경우 형성층의 활동이 일어나지 않았고, 비교적 피해를 약하게 입은 경우에는 형성층의 활동이 관찰되었으나 세포분열 속도는 건전재보다 느렸다. 산불 피해를 강하게 입은 목재에서는 에피델리움세포와 방사조직의 세포벽이 짙게 염색되고 세포내에 과립형태의 물질이 관찰되었으며, 최외각 연륜 부위의 결정화도는 산불 피해재가 건전재보다 다소 높게 나타났다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2024

An ideal post material should have physical properties similar to those of dentin. Post materials with high elastic moduli may cause root fractures. This clinical report describes the treatment of a severely damaged tooth using a recently introduced material. Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a semicrystalline high-performance thermoplastic polymer. PEKK is a promising material for custom post-and-core fabrication because of its elasticity close to that of dentin, good shock absorbance, machinability, and low cost. A laboratory scanner was used to digitize the conventional impression of a severely damaged maxillary right first molar. A custom PEKK post-and-core was designed and milled using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology. Using the proposed technique, a custom PEKK post-and-core was fabricated accurately and human error was reduced. Restoration was luted with resin cement. Custom PEKK post-and-core restorations are a viable alternative for treating severely damaged teeth.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2005

2004년 수마트라 지진에 의해 야기된 지진해일의 충격과 관련하여 태국 피해연안에서 "Tsunami impact on the coastal zone of Thailand"라는 제목의 야외답사가 3일간 수행되었다. 태국 안다만해 연안의 지진해일 피해지역은 피해정도에 따라 심한 피해 연안역, 중간 피해 연안역, 약한 피해 연안역으로 구분된다. 하구의 수로들은 넓어지고 해빈 모래는 침식되어 인근해역이나 배후지역에 재퇴적되었다. 답사는 심한 피해 연안역인 팡아(Phang Nga)주와 약한 피해 연안역인 푸켓 섬 등 대표지역의 총 12개 지점에서 수행되었다. 본고에서는 지진해일 이전과 이후의 위성자료와 현장답사 사진을 중심으로 지질해일이 태국의 연안역에 미친 지질학적 영향을 소개한다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Case study was carried out on the interpretation of the mechanical behavior of a severely damaged reinforced earth wall comprising geotextile with the concrete panel facing. In this part I, the outline of the damaged reinforced earth wall is in detail described. The background and cause of the damage are discussed based on the results of site investigation. The engineering properties of the fill were examined by performing various in-situ and laboratory tests, including the surface wave survey (SWS), PS-logging, RI-logging, soaking test, the direct shear box (DSB) test, bender element (BE) test, etc. The background as well as the cause for the damage of the wall may be described such that i) a considerable amount of settlement took place over a 3m thick weak soil layer in the lower part of the reinforced earth due to seepage of rainfall water, ii) the weight of the upper fill was partially supported by the geo-textile hooked on the concrete panels (n.b., named conveniently "hammock state" in this paper), and iii) the concrete panels to form the hammock were severely damaged by the unexpectedly large downwards compression force triggered by the tension force of the geotextile. The numerical simulation for the hammock state of the wall, together with counter-measures to re- stabilize the wall is subsequently described in Part II.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.513-516
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• 1999

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the repaired structural walls which were severly damaged. After damaging the wall specimens by experimental test, the walls were repaired and retested to destruction. For the repairing the severly damaged walls, new concrete and new reinforcing bar are replaced with cracked concrete and the buckled reinforcing bar, respectively. The performance of repaired wall specimens are compared with that of undamaged walls.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.454-458
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• 1999

This study is to analyze the causes of flood damage in Imjin river basin inAugust , 1999. and to propose the measure to reudce such flood damage. The northern part of Kyonggin Province in the basin was severely damaged by flood due to the heavy rainfall for 4 days from 31 July to 3 August, whioch was recordedas 1,032mm. The heavy rainfall worth recording was one of main cuasese of such damage, but unsuitable river improvement and basin management were also important causes. The flood proptection works such as flood control reservoir and riverlevee were not contructed or sufficient in spite of the unflavorable geographical conditions of Imjin reiver. In case of irrigatiion faciliteis, 43 pumping stations in 3 FIAs were severely damaged due to inundation of the pump and switch boxes. The protection works for pump room should be improved to reduce the damage due to inundation.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1992년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.240-244
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• 1992

The values of a linguistic variable are words, phrases, or sentences in a given language. For example, structural damage can be considered as linguistic variable with values such a 'severely damaged', 'moderately damaged', which are meaningful classifications but not clearly defined, This paper is to evaluate reasonably the correction factor of bridge capacity with the aid of fuzzy sets theory. By using the above mentioned fuzzy measure, the concept of fuzzy integral and linear membership function can be defined. It is concluded that the fuzzy sets theory cam be applied to determine reasonably the correction factor of bridge capacity.