• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to examine the disinfection capability of a Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactor (RABC) system, in which the predominant species, Bacillus sp. was expected to have a removal or inactivation effect of total coliforms. In a settling test with mixtures of E. coli and Bacillus sp., a high removal of E. coli was observed at $20{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, while insignificant removal at $10^{\circ}C$. In a batch test, a 4.5% addition of Bacillus sp. to activated sludge considerably enhanced the removal effect of total coliforms, indicating Bacillus sp. played an important role in improving the settlability of the sludge and coliforms. In a pilot scale RABC system, the concentration of total colifroms reduced remarkably in the settling tank, suggesting that total coliforms in the RABC process were eliminated through coagulation and precipitation, probably due to extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of Bacillus sp. The fraction of Bacillus sp. in the total cell count in the RABC process was in the range of 4.5%~6.3%. The majority (75%) of the Bacillus sp. in the RABC process was Bacillus subtilis which is known to enhance coagulation and precipitation by producing EPS. Hence, an adoption of a RABC process might be able to eliminate the disinfection unit process from a wastewater treatment system.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2016

Background: Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute is developing a fission product transport module for predicting the behavior of radioactive materials in the primary cooling system of a nuclear power plant as a separate module, which will be connected to a severe accident analysis code, Core Meltdown Progression Accident Simulation Software (COMPASS). Materials and Methods: This fission product transport (COMPASS-FP) module consists of a fission product release model, an aerosol generation model, and an aerosol transport model. In the fission product release model there are three submodels based on empirical correlations, and they are used to simulate the fission product gases release from the reactor core. In the aerosol generation model, the mass conservation law and Raoult's law are applied to the mixture of vapors and droplets of the fission products in a specified control volume to find the generation of the aerosol droplet. In the aerosol transport model, empirical correlations available from the open literature are used to simulate the aerosol removal processes owing to the gravitational settling, inertia impaction, diffusiophoresis, and thermophoresis. Results and Discussion: The COMPASS-FP module was validated against Aerosol Behavior Code Validation and Evaluation (ABCOVE-5) test performed by Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory for comparing the prediction and test data. The comparison results assuming a non-spherical aerosol shape for the suspended aerosol mass concentration showed a good agreement with an error range of about ${\pm}6%$. Conclusion: It was found that the COMPASS-FP module produced the reasonable results of the fission product gases release, the aerosol generation, and the gravitational settling in the aerosol removal processes for ABCOVE-5. However, more validation for other aerosol removal models needs to be performed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.315-320
• /
• 2006

토성 측정법인 비중계법의 정도시험을 10개 표준토양을 선정하여 침강실린더내 토양현탁액의 온도를 모니터링하면서 피켓법과 비교하여 수행하였다. 토양현탁액은 $13^{\circ}C$에서 $28^{\circ}C$까지 범위로 온도가 분포하였으며 현탁액의 온도변이는 $0.2^{\circ}C$에서 $4.4^{\circ}C$ 범위였다. 비중계법에 의한 점토함량은 피켓법과 -6.4%에서 4.0%까지 차이가 발생하였다. 이 때의 양과 음의 양극단의 높은 차이는 각각 점토함량이 매우 낮은 토양과 유기물함량, 교환성칼슘, pH가 상대적으로 높은 토양이었다. 이 두 토양을 제외한 나머지 토양에서는 차이가 3%이하였으며 점토함량이 25% 이상인 토양에서는 거의 0에 가까웠다. 모래함량에서 -1.5%에서 2.0%까지 차이가 발생하였다. 차이가 가장 큰 토양은 점토함량에서와 유사하게 모래함량이 가장 낮은 토양에서 나타났다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.338-347
• /
• 2005

Horizontal-Flow Roughing Filtration (HRF) is one of altemative pretreatment methods e.g. prior to Slow Sand Filtration (SSF). However, some of its limitations are that the effluent quality drops drastically at higher turbidity (>200 NTU) and at higher filtration rate (>1 m/h). To overcome these drawbacks, we suggested Direct Horizontal-Flow Roughing Filtration (DHRF), which is a modified system of Horizontal-Flow Roughing (HRF) by addition of low dose of coagulant prior to filtration. In this study to optimize the DHRF configuration, a conceptual and mathematical model for the coarse compartment has been developed in analogy with multi-plate settlers. Data from simple column settling test can be used in the model to predict the filter performance. Furthermore, the model developed herein has been validated by successive experiments carried out. The conventional column settling test has been found to be an handy and useful to predict the performance of DHRF for different raw water characteristics (e.g. coagulated or uncoagulated water, different presence of organic matter, etc.) and different inital process conditions (e.g. coagulant dose, mixing time and intensity, etc.). An optimum filter design for the coarse compartment (grain size 20mm) has been found to be of 3 m/h filtration rate with filter length of 4-4.5 m.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.96-102
• /
• 2014

강화된 수질기준 이하로 인을 제거하기 위해, 혐기조, 무산소조와 Bio-clod와 다공성 폴리우레탄 여재가 충진된 접촉 산화조로 구성된 생물학적 고도처리 공정을 대상으로 PAC (Poly aluminium chloride, 10.4% as $Al_2O_3$)적용 시 인제거의 효율을 검토하였다. 접촉산화조 유출수를 대상으로 Jar-test를 실시하여 최적 PAC 주입농도를 15 mg/L로 선정 후, 2차 침전조 전단에 PAC를 주입하여 응집 침전 후 상등수를 분석하였다. PAC 주입 후 BOD와 COD의 제거율의 경우 각각 96.1%와 88.8%로, 주입 전의 95.4%와 72.4%로 효과가 크지 않았으나, TP의 제거율은 97%로 주입 전의 71.6%에 비해 18.4% 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 특히 SP 제거율은 응집제 주입 전 59.5%에서 주입 후 98.6%로 분석되어, PAC의 적용으로 SP 제거가 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 실험기간 동안의 유출수의 TP농도는 0.13 mg/L 이하로, 추가적인 총인처리시설 설치 없이도 수질기준 준수가 가능하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 해성점토의 준설매립시 침강 및 자중압밀거동 분석을 위한 침강압밀특성의 평가를 목적으로 국내 해성점토에 대한 침강실험을 실시하고, 기존 자료와 함께 고찰하였다. 침강압밀의 거동은 Yano가 제안한 방법이 국내에서 많이 적용되고 있으므로 본 연구는 이에 대한 특성치를 평가하였다. 침강실험은 남해안 해성점토 4개와 서해안 해성점토 4개에 대하여 초기함수비와 초기높이를 변화하는 조건으로 높이 1m의 Column으로 실험을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 남해안 및 서해안 해성점토 각각에 대한 침강-압밀특성을 도출하였다. 초기함수비에 따른 압밀침강계수와 초기침강속도를 분석하고, 이를 기존문헌과 비교하여 보다 높은 상관성을 갖는 회귀식을 산정하였다. 실질토량고와 압밀침강과정 시작 및 종료시 계면고의 관계를 평가하였다. 이와 같은 분석으로 남해안 및 서해안 해성점토 각각에 대하여 침강압밀특성치의 범위와 평균 등을 제안하였으며, 대표적인 관계식을 산정하였다. 또한, 남해안 및 서해안의 해성점토가 갖는 침강-압밀특성을 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.234-238
• /
• 2003

Ultra small optical drive or PCMCIA type needs a focusing actuator because or applying Blue Laser and enhancing compatibility according to disk physical specification. Based on this need, this paper presents a novel focusing actuator adapted for ultra small optical drive of PCMCIA type. The focusing actuator using Lorenz force generated consists of coil, magnets and plate springs of pivoting. The design issues of the focusing actuator are the flexibility to focus direction, the rigidity to track direction and the higher natural mode of the moving part. For settling these Issues, this paper present mechanical design, computer simulations and test results of the realized focusing actuator. Finally, suitability and usefulness of the focusing actuator was demonstrated by the comparison of simulations and test results in a view of the possibility adapted for ultra small optical drive.

• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 2005

A closed-circuit type wind tunnel is designed, which has a test section with the dimensions $1.2(W){\times}1.2(H){\times}3.4(L)$. A subsonic wind tunnel is designed to improves educational circumstances and promote ground tests. It is constituted of an exchangeable test section, first and second diffusers, a fan, a settling chamber, a contraction, and 4 corners. The maximum velocity in the test section is 70m/s and the contraction ratio is 6.25:1. Input power in the wind tunnel is about 96.1 kw (128.8 hp) and its energy ratio is 3.89. It has the dimension of about $7.4(W){\times}3.6(H){\times}21.7m(L)$. The wind tunnel designed in this investigation will be an effective educational and investigational equipment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1989

This study was carried out to develop a system and methodology to simulate the engine load variation occuring during agricultural field operations for a laboratory engine test. The system consisted of an electric dynamometer, an Apple II microcomputer, and a data acquisition and control system. Several pieces of instruments were utilized to measure various engine performance data. Both engine torque and engine speed were fully controlled by a computer program. The dynamic characteristics of the system were analyzed through a series of tests and the limitations on the load simulation test were presented. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Engine speed and toque were controlled by a computer program. The use of a stepping motor and reduction gears enabled engine speed be controlled within 1 rpm. 2. The natural frequency of the dynamometer-engine system was found to be around 5 Hz, at which the load simulation would be impossible because of resonance. 3. For the harmonic inputs with the frequencies above the natural frequency, the signal attenuated too much and therefore the load simulation was impossible. 4. The step response of the system showed an overshoot of 24.5 percent and the settling time for 5 percent criterion was around 3 seconds. 5. When actual field test data are utilized for load simulation, a low-pass filter should be included to attenuate the frequency components around and above the natural frequency.

• 항공우주기술
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2012

보조동력장치 개발에서 성공적인 연소기 개발이 이루어졌다고 하더라도 엔진에 조립되어 실제 환경에서 운용될 경우, 예상하지 못한 문제나 현상들이 발생하는 사례가 많이 있다. 하지만, 엔진 또는 체계단위의 개발단계에서는 연소기의 유동장이나 하드웨어의 구조적 변경은 불가능하거나 아주 작은 범위 내에서 가능하다. 따라서 체계 운용 중 발생한 문제에 대하여 시험과 유동해석을 통해 원인 규명 및 해결 방안을 제시하고, 이를 반복시험을 통해 확인, 검증하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 엔진 및 체계 시험과정 동안 발생한 환형 역류형 연소기 관련 문제들을 유동해석과 엔진시험을 통해 해결, 검증한 과정에 대하여 기술하였다.