• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2014

In this paper, we first show that for any space X, there is a ${\sigma}$-complete Boolean subalgebra of $\mathcal{R}$(X) and that the subspace {${\alpha}{\mid}{\alpha}$ is a fixed ${\sigma}Z(X)^{\sharp}$-ultrafilter} of the Stone-space $S(Z({\Lambda}_X)^{\sharp})$ is the minimal basically disconnected cover of X. Using this, we will show that for any countably locally weakly Lindel$\ddot{o}$f space X, the set {$M{\mid}M$ is a ${\sigma}$-complete Boolean subalgebra of $\mathcal{R}$(X) containing $Z(X)^{\sharp}$ and $s_M^{-1}(X)$ is basically disconnected}, when partially ordered by inclusion, becomes a complete lattice.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.278-288
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• 2001

평면상의 n 개의 점으로 구성된 집합 S가 있을 때, 같은 각의 두 (무한) 부채꼴을 이용하여 S의 점들을 모두 포함하는 문제를 본 논문에서 다루고자 한다. 즉, S W$_1$∪W$_2$를 만족하는 각이 최소인 두 부채꼴 W$_1$과 W$_2$를 구하고자 한다. 부채꼴의 정점은 반드시 S의 점에만 놓는다. 두 부채꼴의 배치에 ek라서 여러 가지 경우로 나눌 수 있는데 각 경우에 효율적인 알고리즘을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.218-224
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• 1996

The purpose of this syudy is to set up a proper repair plan and to extend the remaining lifetime of them by measuring the remaining lifetime of reinforced concrete structures quantitatively. This method is based on the actual research on age deterioration, carbonation depth and covering depth of the reinforced concrete structures. Also, it measure the remaining lifetime through quantitatively defining the probability of steel corrosion by the damage of steel corrosion. By doing that, we proceed the proper repair plan after reviewing the possibility of lifetime extension.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.111-131
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• 1984

The W$\v{o}$njong Kongsin Nock$\v{o}$n (原從功臣錄券) is a kind of the official document to granting a privilege and stipend which was awarded in 1395 to Kim Ch$\v{o}$lni (金天理). devoted his master who was latter set on a throne of the first King Taejo of Yi dynasty. In the present study are concretely verified that the Nock$\v{o}$n is bibliographically invaluable archives of early Yi dynasty in the viewpoint of the followings: 1) Unique material of biographies covering those meritorious retainers to deserving the foundation of Yi dynasty. 2) Worthy material of history including the meritorious examples on the founding of a new Kingdom which were omitted in the true record of the Yi dynasty. 3) Priceless material of philology written in the Korean ancient languages to use the letter of Yi-du (吏讀).

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.122-140
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• 2019

Providing free primary care to everyone is an important goal pursued by many countries under universal health care programs. Countries like India need to efficiently utilize their limited capacities towards this purpose. Unfortunately, due to a variety of reasons, patients incur substantial travel and out-of-pocket expenses for getting primary care from publicly-funded facilities. We propose a set-covering optimization model to assist health policy-makers in managing existing capacity in a better way. Decision-making should consider upgrading centers with better potential to reduce patient expenses and reallocating capacities from less preferred facilities. A multinomial logit choice model is used to predict the preferences. In this article, a brief background and literature survey along with the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model are presented. The working of the model is illustrated with the help of numerical experiments.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2021

This paper presents a margin-based face liveness detection method with behavioral confirmation to prevent spoofing attacks using deep learning techniques. The proposed method provides a possibility to prevent biometric person authentication systems from replay and printed spoofing attacks. For this work, a set of real face images and fake face images was collected and a face liveness detection model is trained on the constructed dataset. Traditional face liveness detection methods exploit the face image covering only the face regions of the human head image. However, outside of this region of interest (ROI) might include useful features such as phone edges and fingers. The proposed face liveness detection method was experimentally tested on the author's own dataset. Collected databases are trained and experimental results show that the trained model distinguishes real face images and fake images correctly.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.76-87
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• 2019

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effects of the European Union-South Korea Free Trade Agreement on Korean exports in major sectors. Design/Methodology - This study is based on the augmented gravity model with a panel data set covering 51 countries between the years 2000 and 2015. Findings - Main findings of the present study is that the agreement has affected the chemical sector the most. Fixed effects estimation predicted a positive trade effect of 38.3%, while Poisson maximum likelihood estimation predicted an impact of 4.75% in the chemical export sector. Regression results for the other sectors only show insignificant effects. Originality/value - The findings imply that the effects of the EU-South Korea free trade agreement on the Korean exports are quite specific compared to the European ones, meaning that the Korean government should focus on sector-specific programs to maximize the welfare benefits of the free trade agreement.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.279-283
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• 2022

The seismic analytic collapse fragility of soil nail wall structures with a shotcrete concrete covering is investigated in this paper. The finite element modeling process has been well described. The fragility function evaluates the link between ground motion intensities and the likelihood of reaching a specific level of damage. The soil nail wall has been subjected to incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) from medium to strong ground vibrations. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the soil nail wall uses a set of 20 earthquake ground motions with varying PGAs. PGD is utilized as an intensity measure, the numerical findings demonstrate that the soil nailing wall reaction is particularly sensitive to earthquake intensity measure (IM).

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.469-473
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• 2005

Contract design plays a key role in the life cycle of BOT project. All project management activities and operation processes are arranged in consistence with the document of BOT contract which the public sector ensures that the respective roles and responsibilities set out in the contract are fully understood and fulfilled to the contracted performance criteria. With limited theories to deal with some fundamental issues of BOT contract design, we try to collect data from case studies and formulate several practical principles. The conclusions presented in this paper are analyzed from two cases, one is based on an early case in the United Kingdom, and the other based on the Taiwan High Speed Railway case. The purpose of this paper is not about covering all legal issues about BOT contract design, but rather, our work provides common considerations applicable to the contract parties of a broad range of BOT contracts. The results in this paper shall propose some fundamental principles of the BOT contract design.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.471-481
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• 2024

In this paper, the concept of D-sets will be applied to create D-lindelöf spaces, a new type of topological space covering the property. This is performed by using a D-cover, which is a special type of cover. The primary purpose of this work is to introduce the principles and concepts of D-lindelöf spaces. We look into their properties as well as their relationships with other topological spaces. The basic relationship between D-lindelöf spaces and lindelöf spaces, as well as many other topological spaces, will be given and described, including D-compact, D-countably compact, and D-countably lindelöf spaces. Many novel theories, facts, and illustrative and counter-examples will be investigated. We will use several informative instances to explore certain of the features of the Cartesian product procedure across D-lindelöf spaces as well as additional spaces under more conditions.