• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.123-137
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• 2016

In order to address the crisis of the regional employment structure caused by the recent restructuring of the shipbuilding industry, this study estimates the shipbuilding industry's Employment Linkage Effect(ELE) across regions and industries. Consequently, the study uses the hypothetical extraction method on the shipbuilding industry from the 2013 Regional Input-output Table. The analysis results are as follows. First, the shipbuilding industry's ELE across industries is estimated at its highest in wholesale and retail, followed by shipment, other manufacturing, project supporting service, machine and equipment manufacturing, and metal product manufacturing. These industries either have a high employment to GDP ratio or are directly related to the shipbuilding industry in terms of production activities. Second, the Southeastern Korea's ELE on South Jeolla Province is very low, and, accordingly, South Jeolla Province is isolated in the employment structure of the shipbuilding industry. Therefore, when the government establishes measures to tackle the crisis of employment caused by the shipbuilding industry's restructuring, it should prioritize identifying such regional employment structures, as demonstrated above, and incorporate them into the regional industry policy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.823-827
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the propriety of models for soil water characteristics estimation in anthropogenic soil through the measurement of soil water content and soil water matric potential. Soil profile was characterized with four different soil layers. Soil texture was loamy sand for the first soil layer (from soil surface to 30 cm soil depth), sand for the second (30~70 cm soil depth) and the third soil layers (70~120 cm soil depth), and sandy loam for the fourth soil layer (120 cm < soil depth). Soil water retention curve (SWRC), the relation between soil water content and soil water matric potential, took a similar trend between different layers except the layer of below 120 cm soil depth. The estimation of SWRC and air entry value was better in van Genuchten model by analytical method than in Brooks-Corey model with power function. Therefore, it could be concluded that van Genuchten model is more desirable than Brook-Corey model for estimating soil water characteristics of anthropogenic soil accumulated with saprolite.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.486-495
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• 2021

Background: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. Previous studies in South Korea have applied a relative risk calculated from Western populations when estimating the disease burden attributable to PM. However, the relative risk of PM on health outcomes may not be the same across different countries or regions. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the premature deaths and socioeconomic costs attributable to long-term exposure to PM in South Korea. We considered not only the difference in PM concentration between regions, but also the difference in relative risk. Methods: National monitoring data of PM concentrations was obtained, and missing values were imputed using the AERMOD model and linear regression model. As a surrogate for relative risk, hazard ratios (HRs) of PM for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were estimated using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The nation was divided into five areas (metropolitan, central, southern, south-eastern, and Gangwon-do Province regions). The number of PM attributable deaths in 2018 was calculated at the district level. The socioeconomic cost was derived by multiplying the number of deaths and the statistical value of life. Results: The average PM₁₀ concentration for 2014~2018 was 45.2 ㎍/m³. The association between long-term exposure to PM₁₀ and mortality was heterogeneous between areas. When applying area-specific HRs, 23,811 premature deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory disease in 2018 were attributable to PM₁₀ (reference level 20 ㎍/m³). The corresponding socioeconomic cost was about 31 trillion won. These estimated values were higher than that when applying nationwide HRs. Conclusions: This study is the first research to estimate the premature mortality caused by long-term exposure to PM using relative risks derived from the national population. This study will help precisely identify the national and regional health burden attributed to PM and establish the priorities of air quality policy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.105-114
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• 2021

The paper investigates a mediating effect of job embeddedness in the influence of positive psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) for members of medical institutions. The members include medical doctors, nurses, medical technicians, health administrative staffs, and other medical service staffs of hospitals in Daejeon City, Chungcheongnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Sejong City. Using 453 questionnaires for hypothesis tests, the main results are as follows. Firstly, positive psychological capital exerts a significantly positive effect on OCB. Secondly, the fit and links of job embeddedness turn out to have a significant and positive effect on OCB, whereas the sacrifice does not have statistically significant effect on it. Thirdly, while the fit and links of job embeddedness appear to have mediating effects between positive psychological capital and OCB, the sacrifice of it does not exert a mediating effect. The findings thus suggest that we need a new approach to the role of job embeddedness in the positive impacts of positive psychological capital on OCB through the fit and links of job embeddedness. Furthermore, organizations need to focus on key elements in the application of job embeddedness.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.3-22
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• 2021

This article reviews previous literature on the metaverse and attempts to provide a refined definition for this phenomenon. Metaverse has recently been in the spotlight among discussions by the industry and the media while a consensus on the exact definition of metaverse is yet to be determined. Since Neal Stephenson first coined the term metaverse in his novel "Snow Crash" in 1992, the Acceleration Studies Foundation (ASF) was the first to analyze the concept of metaverse in 2007. While ASF's effort did not receive much spotlight it may have deserved, metaverse gained much attention in the fall of 2020 when NVIDIA announced its real-time simulation and collaboration platform for 3D production named "Omniverse" as a next-generation alternative for the Internet along with Roblox defining its service as metaverse during its IPO. Since then, metaverse has been commonly recognized as a world where we can cross over reality and virtuality. Based on the two axes and four scenarios proposed by the ASF, we review the literature across four realms as follows - virtual reality, mirror world, augmented reality, and lifelogging. Then, we examine the issues with the existing definition of metaverse and propose an alternative explanation by focusing on human behavior and user experience. Finally, we reassess the concept of metaverse and incorporate human communication, reality-based and virtual-based activities, and eXtended reality as elements to properly define metaverse.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.3
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• pp.295-307
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• 2021

This study proposed a field-applicable natural regeneration method using natural seeding to afforest a secondary growth forest after felling in Larix kaempferi plantations. In 2016, an experimental site was established usingseed-tree and clear-cutting methods in Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Characteristics of seed fructification and inflow in the natural regeneration site were analyzed along with an experimental site in Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do, which was established in 2014. As a result, the number of seeds per individual tree of V age class L. kaempferi was 690,340 seeds in a good year, with an estimated 13.8 million seeds per ha fruited in natural regeneration sites of L. kaempferi with 25 seed-trees per ha. Seed dispersal began in September and germination rates of seeds dispersed until November were greater than 40%. Reserved seed-tree sites showed the highest amount of seed inflow, followed by the seed-tree site and clear-cut site in descending order. The reserved seed-tree method performed better than other methods for evenly scattering seeds. Therefore, the timing of logging and seedbed generation for natural regeneration of L. kaempferi is estimated to be most effective before September when seeds are purposefully scattered using the reserved seed-tree method as an effective method for uniform seed supply.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine how the family relationships of the middle-aged affect their life satisfaction and how family support services regulate the association between the two factors. A total of 8,695 middle-aged residents(aged 50 to 64 years) were chosen from among resident-respondents of the needs survey administered to establish the 4th local social security plan in Gyeonggi-do. The moderating effect of family support services on the relation between family relationship difficulties and life satisfaction was investigated. The analysis showed that the life satisfaction experienced by the middle-aged is slightly higher than the middle level. The lower the difficulty in family relationships, the higher the use of family support services, the more women than men, and the better the economy, the higher the life satisfaction of middle-aged. As a moderating variable, family support services significantly moderate the effects of family relationship difficulties experienced by the middle-aged on life satisfaction. The results are meaningful in that they comprehensively shed light on the difficulties that confront family relationships and the relationship structure of family support services, thereby contributing to the search for life satisfaction among the middle-aged in Gyeonggi-do.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-194
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that interrupt the use of social security of elderly North Korean refugees. As a result of qualitative content analysis using interview data, it is found that the elderly North Korean defectors have a lower access to the social security system. The main reason for hindering the use of social security system is low awareness due to limited information channels, psychological distance to South Korean society and residents. Moreover, this psychological distance is a factor that reduces the geographical accessibility of elderly North Korean defectors by preferring to use services in specific institutions for North Korean, while South Korean elderly people can use the service elsewhere. In addition, there are many cases in which the elderly in North Korean defectors do not receive sufficient social security due to low income. On the other hand, social security systems with high accessibility of older North Korean refugees are characterized by the fact that they are provided by experts who have formed sufficient rapport with North Korean refugees. Therefore, it seems possible to improve the accessibility of elderly defectors' friendly system by professional workers with cultural competence. In addition, a multidimensional approach is needed to fully cope with the complex desires of elderly North Korean defectors and a mechanism should be set up to reflect their opinion in system operation.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.3-38
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• 2018

This study aims to analyse the redistributive impact of the welfare state growth in Korea after 2000s and establish whether there are people excluded from the benefits of the growth. The growth of the Korean welfare state has been achieved by universalizing welfare benefits under the social insurance-centered institutions which are the legacies of the productivist/developmental welfare regime. When it comes to redistribution impacts, the welfare state growth improved inequality among old age populations to a certain degree due to the introduction of the Basic Pension. On the other hand, welfare benefits for the working poor population has hardly been improved in spite of the growing welfare state. It can be said, therefore, that low-income working-age populations have been excluded from the growth of Korean welfare state. These groups are mostly in middle-old age, unemployed or precariously employed and half of them were female householders. The exclusion of these groups from the Korean welfare state shows that the growth of the Korean welfare state was unbalanced. To include the excluded into the Korean welfare state, it is necessary to increase non-insurance social provisions, extend the range of application of the social insurances, integrate income protection, employment service, and vocational training for the working poor, and combine universal and targeted welfare benefits.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.502-506
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• 2009

"Hongyoung" was bred within the potato breeding program of National Institute of Highland Agriculture (NIHA). It was originated from a cross made between Atlantic as a female and AG34314 as a male parent in 2003. "Hongyoung" was evaluated as a clone number Daegwan 1-102 for the growth and tuber characteristics, yielding ability, and resistance to major diseases in the regional yield trials from 2006 to 2007. Finally, this clone was renamed as "Hongyoung" and was presented to Korean Seed & Variety Service in 2007 for registration as a new potato cultivar. "Hongyoung" has a round shape, shallow eye depth, red skinned and fleshed tuber characteristics. Its mean tuber yields from the regional yield trials was 37.4 MT/ha, and it showed the highest yield in spring cropping. "Hongyoung" showed high resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), however it was susceptible to both potato virus Y (PVY) and late blight (Phytophthora infestans). The dry matter content of "Hongyoung" was low to medium 17.7%, therefore it is suitable for table use. Its anthocyanin content was the highest in autumn cropping with 31.8 mg/100g fresh weight and it contained 3.6 times higher anthocyanin than the control, Jasim.