Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2021.110.3.295

Seed Fructification and Seed Dispersal Characteristics by Harvest Types in Natural Regeneration Sites of Larix kaempferi  

Chung, Junmo (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science)
Kim, Hyun Seop (Forest Policy Division, Korea Forest Service)
Chung, Sanghoon (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science / v.110, no.3, 2021 , pp. 295-307 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study proposed a field-applicable natural regeneration method using natural seeding to afforest a secondary growth forest after felling in Larix kaempferi plantations. In 2016, an experimental site was established usingseed-tree and clear-cutting methods in Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Characteristics of seed fructification and inflow in the natural regeneration site were analyzed along with an experimental site in Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do, which was established in 2014. As a result, the number of seeds per individual tree of V age class L. kaempferi was 690,340 seeds in a good year, with an estimated 13.8 million seeds per ha fruited in natural regeneration sites of L. kaempferi with 25 seed-trees per ha. Seed dispersal began in September and germination rates of seeds dispersed until November were greater than 40%. Reserved seed-tree sites showed the highest amount of seed inflow, followed by the seed-tree site and clear-cut site in descending order. The reserved seed-tree method performed better than other methods for evenly scattering seeds. Therefore, the timing of logging and seedbed generation for natural regeneration of L. kaempferi is estimated to be most effective before September when seeds are purposefully scattered using the reserved seed-tree method as an effective method for uniform seed supply.
Keywords
Larix kaempferi; natural regeneration; seed dispersal; seed inflow; seed fructification;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Qu, W.J., Zhang, Y.J. and Wang, M. 2008. Investigation and analysis of the natural regeneration effect of the Korean Larch. Journal of Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology 5: 59-60.
2 Tamura, A., Yamada, H., Fukuda, Y., Yano, K., Abe, M., Ubukata, M., Sato, S., Sato, A. and Nishioka, N. 2012. Examination of factors influencing flowering intensity of boreal conifers in hokkaido breeding region. Boreal Forest Research 60: 51-54.
3 Tatsuo, A., Taichi, I., Katsutosi, K., Yoshihiro, N., Kitamura, M. and Ryosuke, K. 2004. Research on natural regeneration technology in artificial forests. Forest and Forestry In frastructure Improvement Division. Research Report Heisei 15: 77-103.
4 United States Department of Agriculture. 1990. Silvics of North America Volume 1: Conifers. Agriculture Handbook 654, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC. pp. 681.
5 Wang, R.Q. and Zhou, G.Y. 1989. Natural regeneration and developing prospects of Japanese Red Pine Forest in Shandong Peninsula. Chinese Journal of Ecology 8(2): 18-22.
6 Oya, S., Shimizu, K. and Imai, S. 2020. Establishment of innovative operation technology utilizing natural regeneration of Japanese Larch. Bulletin of the Nagano Prefectural Forestry Research Center 34: 11-20.
7 Korea Forest Research Institute. 1985. Study on natural forest tending. Experimental Research Report. KFRI. Seoul, pp. 278.
8 Lee, W.Y., Park, E.J., Han, S.U. and Park, B.S. 2012. Characteristics of flowering fruits and the enhancement of seed fruits of Larch trees. National Institute of Forest Science. Research Note No.457. Seoul, pp. 82.
9 Owens, J.N. and Blake, M.D. 1985. Forest tree seed production. Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Canadian Forestry Service. Information Report P1-x-53, pp. 161.
10 Park, P.S. and Lee, D.K. 1996. Factors affecting the early natural regeneration of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. After Forest Works at Mt. Joongwang Located in Pyungchang-gun, Kangwon-do. Journal of Korean Forest Society 85(3): 524-531.
11 Philipson, J.J. 1997. Predicting cone crop potential in conifers by assessment of developing cone buds and cones. Forestry 70(1): 87-96.   DOI
12 Fletcher, A.M. 1992. Flower, fruit and seed development and morphology. In Seed Manual for Forest Trees. A.G. Gordon (ed.). Forestry Commission Bulletin No. 83: 59-70.
13 Bae, S.W. 1994. Structure and tending method for naturally regenerated young Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. Stands. Journal of Korean Forest Society 83(1): 50-62.
14 Broome, A. and Poulsom, E. 2006. Validation of forest condition monitoring programme (ICP-Forest, level 1) cone index scores by measuring cone density using a field-of veiw method. Forestry 79(2): 159-166.   DOI
15 Broome, A., Summers, R.W. and Vanhala, T. 2016. Understanding the provision of conifer seed for woodland species. Forestry Research, Research Note 23, pp. 12.
16 Dobbs, R.C., Edwards, D.G.W., Konishi, J. and Walinger, D. 1976. Guideline to collecting cones of BC conifers. A BC Forest Service. Canadian Forestry Service Joint Report No. 3, pp. 98.
17 Bryntsev, V.A., Lavrenov M.A., Vasiliev S.B., Savchenkova V.A. and Nikitin V.F. 2020. Comparative aanalysis of variablility of morphological characteristics of european and Japanese Larches with their hybrids. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environmental Science 574: 012007.
18 Food and Agriculture Organization. 2018. Advancing the role of natural regeneration in large-scale forest and landscape restoration in the asia-pacific region. FAO. Bangkok. pp. 126.
19 Farrar J.L. 1995. Trees of the northern united states and Canada. Fitzhenry and Whiteside Ltd. Ottawa, Canada. pp. 502.
20 Hyun, S.K. 1943. The effect of light and soil water as a basic factor in the natural regeneration of pine trees. Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station 35. pp. 65.
21 Kim, D.K., Kim, J.W., Park, S.G., Oh, M.Y. and Yoo, J.H. 1987. A study on the growth analysis and establishment of optimal density management standards of natural pine seedling stands. Forestry Research Institute Annual Report 34: 32-40.
22 Kim, H.S., Chung, J.M. and Jung, D.H. 2015. Characteristics of seedlings by cutting methods in natural forest of Pinus densiflora. Proceedings of the 2015 Autumn Meeting of the Korean Forest Society. Jeju. pp. 108.
23 Kim, S.K., Kim, J.W., Park, S.G., Kim, D.K., Oh, M.Y., Yoo, J.H. and Lee, G.S. 1989. A study on the seedling germination and growth characteristics in natural regeneration of Japanese red pine by chemical site preparation. Forestry Research Institute Annual Report 38: 46-55.
24 Korea Forest Service. 2015. Seedling business practice method. KFS. Daejeon. pp. 109.
25 Matsuo, T. 2007. Study on natural regeneration of Japanese Larch. https://www.rinya. maff.go.jp/tohoku/syo/iwatehokubu/kyouiku/pdf/research5.pdf
26 Korea Forest Service. 2019. Detailed plan for major tasks in 2019. KFS. Daejeon. pp. 109.
27 Korea Forest Service. 2020. Statistical yearbook of forestry 2020. KFS. Daejeon. pp. 448.
28 Korea National Arboretum. 2009. A field guide to trees & shrubs. Korea National Arboretum. Pocheon. pp. 725.
29 Levin, S.A., Muller-Landau, H.C., Nathan, R. and Chave, J. 2003. The ecology and evolution of seed dispersal: a theoretical perspective. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 34: 575-604.   DOI
30 Masahiko, N., Satoshi, H., Takaaki, T., Nobuo, I., Mika, T. and Michiyasu, Y. 2016. Width of felling suitable for natural regeneration of Japanese Larch. Bulletin of the Hokkaido Forestry Research Institute No. 53: 1-6.
31 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2018. National forest plan. MAFF. Tokyo. pp. 34.
32 Na, S.J., Woo, K.S., Kim, C.S., Yoon, J.H., Lee, H.H. and Lee, D.H. 2010. Comparison of above-ground growth characteristics between naturally regenerated and planted stands of Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki in Gangwon Province. Journal of Korean Forest Society 99(3): 323-330.
33 Nathan, R., Katul, G.G., Horn, H.S., Thomas, S.M., Oren, R., Avissar, R., Pacala, S.W. and Levin, S.A. 2008. Mechanisms of Long-Distance Dispersal of Seeds by Wind. Nature 418: 409-413.   DOI
34 Nixon, C.J. and Worrell, R. 1999. The potential for the natural regeneration of conifers in Britain. Forestry Commission Bulletin 120. pp. 68.
35 Ougi, D., Mabuchi, T. and Okano, T. 2005. Fundamental study on the operation for natural regeneration of Japanese Larch. Kyoto University. Proceedings of the 2005 Scientific Meeting of Field Science Education of Forest Biosphere Section: 66-69.
36 United States Forest Service. 2008. The woody plant seed manual. Agriculture Handbook 727, USDA Forest Service. Washington, DC. pp. 1223.