• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2008

본 연구는 한방초콩환의 고지방식이를 섭식한 흰쥐의 간조직 지방제거 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 서목태(Rhynchosia nulubilis)를 식초에 15일간 절인 후, 5종류의 한약재(감초, 산조인, 백출, 황기, 산수유)를 첨가하여 한방초콩환을 제조하고, 고지방식이로 흰쥐의 비만을 유도하면서 고지방식이에 한방초콩환을 1%와 5% 첨가하여 9주 동안 투여한 후 간장의 무게, 혈청 효소활성도 및 간세포의 미세구조를 투과형전자현미경(TEM)으로 관찰하였다. HF군은 정상군의 간 무게에 비하여 약 35% 증가된 반면에 T5군의 경우는 HF군에 비하여 약 13% 감소하였다. 혈청 중 GOT 활성도는 정상군과 HF군이 비슷한 수준이었으나 T1군과 T5군에서는 HF군에 비하여 각각, 6.1%, 17.8% 감소하였으며 혈청 중 GPT 활성도 역시 정상군과 HF군이 거의 비슷한 수준이었으나 T1군과 T5군에서는 HF군에 비하여 각각 25.4, 32.4% 감소하였다. 간세포조직의 지방축적 정도 및 형태적 특징을 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 정상군의 모양은 원형 내지 다각형을 나타내고 핵은 크고 둥글며 세포의 중앙에 위치해 핵질이 고르게 발달해 있을 뿐만 아니라 세포질에는 미토콘드리아를 비롯한 각종 세포 소기관이 고루 분포되어 있었으며 세포 전반에 걸쳐 지방구는 보이지 않았다. HF군은 세포전반에 걸쳐 지방구에 뒤덮여 세포의 형태 관찰이 불가능할 정도였으며 지방의 과잉 축적으로 인한 전자밀도가 낮아 백색을 나타내어 세포소기관의 막과 형태가 불분명한 지방간의 심각한 양상을 볼 수 있었다. T1군은 HF군에 비하여 지방구가 많이 소멸되었으며, T5군은 T1군에 비하여 지방세포의 크기와 수가 현저히 줄어든 것이 관찰 되었고, 더욱더 선명한 핵과 핵막 및 세포질의 전자밀도가 높아 지방질의 감소를 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2007

Mouse에 알코올을 투여한 결과 항산화 효소의 활성이 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있으며 ADH 및 ALDH활성도 모두 감소하였다. 녹차, 홍차, 우롱차 및 보이차의 알코올 섭취 mouse에서의 항산화 및 알코올 분해효소에 미치는 영향을 측정하여 비교한 결과 네 가지 차 모두에서 투여하지 않은 군에 비하여 항산화 및 알코올 분해 촉진효과를 나타내었으며 그 중 보이차가 간에서의 SOD 및 GR활성을 크게 증가시켰고 MDA함량을 감소시켰다. 또한 우롱차는 혈액에서의 SOD 및 GSH-PX활성을 크게 증가시켰고 MDA함량을 감소시켰으며 녹차와 홍차의 항산화 효과는 이들에 비하여 비교적 낮았다. 또한 알코올 분해에 관여하는 효소인 ADH, ALDH 활성은 녹차를 투여한 군에서 매우 높게 나타났으며 녹차 다음으로는 우롱차가 ADH 활성측정에서, 보이차가 ALDH 활성측정에서 높은 수치를 보였고 홍차 투여 군에서 가장 낮았다. 따라서 네 가지 차 중 우롱차와 보이차를 섭취하였을 때 높은 항산화 효과를 기대할 수 있으며 알코올 분해에는 녹차의 섭취가 가장 효율적일 것으로 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2014

The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of hot water extract of Korean white dandelion (Taraxacum coreanum Nakai) on liver cancer induced in rats by a single dose of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). The animals were divided into three groups. The animals in the normal (Nor) group were fed basal diet. Control (Con) group were administered with NDEA (200 mg/kg, i.p.). Hot water extract of Korean white dandelion (KDDA, KDDB) group treated with hot water extracts of Korean white dandelion (30, 60 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks after NDEA. Serum AST and ALT were measured, enzyme activity of liver were examined by spectrophotometer and histological alternation of liver were examined by light microscopy. KDDA and KDDB group were decreased the increase of serum AST, ALT level induced by NDEA. The activities of SOD and CAT were significantly increased in KDDA, KDDB then in the Con. In the histological observation, KDDA and KDDB group were structure of liver lobula and nuclear shape was relatively cleared. In addition, the cytoplasm staining was similar to those of the Nor group. vacuolization of cytoplasm was not observed. These results suggest that administration of hot water extract of Korean white dandelion suppress or retard liver cancer induced by NDEA in rats.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2006

Thioacetamide (TA) is well known hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agent. TA also diminishes the contents of hepatic cytochrome P450 and inhibits the enzyme activity of the hepatic mixed function oxidases. TA metabolite, thioacetamide-s-oxide, is further transformed into a still unknown highly reactive metabolite that binds to macromolecules. In this study, we focused on TA-induced gene expression at hepatotoxic dose. Mice were exposed to two levels (5 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg i.p.) of TA, sampled at 6 or 24 h, and hepatic gene expression levels were determined to evaluate dose and time dependent changes. We evaluated hepatotoxicity by serum AST and ALT level and histopathological observation. Mean serum activities of the liver leakage enzymes, AST and ALT, were slightly increased compare to control. H & E and PAS evaluation of stained liver sections revealed TA-associated histopathological finding in mice. Centrilobular eosinophilic degeneration was observed at high dose-treated mice group. Hepatic gene expression was analyzed by QT clustering. Clustering of high dose-treated samples with TA-suggests that gene expressional changes could be associated from toxicity as measured by traditional biomarkers in this acute study.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.8-13
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• 1980

연기성분의 생체내 활성을 억제시키기 위하여 Wistar male rat에 담배연기 응축물과 이의 중성분획을 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg 각각 복강주사한후 경시적으로 Lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH) activity를 대조군과 비교하여 유해정도를 검토하였다. 그리고 연기 성분의 활성 억제물질로 선정한 flavone과 butylatedhydroxyanisole(BHA)를 각각 1mg/1kg처리하여 그 활성억제 정도를 관찰한 결과 flavone처리에 의한 연기응축물의 LDH activity는 전반적으로 현저한 감소현상을 보였으며 12시간후에는 641 unit로서 처리하지 않았을 때의 1040unit에 비하여 괄목할만한 결과를 나타냈다. 그러나 BHA처리에 의한 결과는 flavone보다 다소 저조한 현상을 보였다. 따라서 flavone은 연기 응축물의 활성억제에 보다 효과적인 것으로 생각된다. 한전 중성분획처리의 경우는 flavone에 비하여 BHA가 LDH활성도 억제헌상을 보였는데 주사후 6∼18시간사이에 LDH활성도가 100∼200unit의 감소현상을 나타냈다. 그러므로 중성분획에는 BHA가 바람직한 억제물질로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate analgesic effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZM) pharmacopuncture on formalin-induced pains in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and ICR-mice. Methods : The subjects were divided 8 weeks aged rats with constant pain sensitivity into five groups; normal (treated with normal saline at Taegye (KI3) and before injected with normal saline at hindpaw), Con-1 (treated with normal saline at KI3 before injected with formalin at hindpaw), Lido-1 (treated with lidocaine at KI3), ZMWG-1 (treated with Hot water extraction pharmacopuncture of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim at KI3), ZMEG-1 (treated with ethanol extraction pharmacopuncture of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim at KI3). After 35 minutes, we measured ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and enzyme activities of both Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rat serum. In addition, Tail flick test is performed by injecting ICR mice at 5 weeks of age. And it classified into 4 groups (Con-2, Lido-2, ZMWG-2, ZMEG-2) according to the kind of drug (normal saline, lidocaine, ZMW, ZME). After each drug injection, we examined the reaction by placing the tail in water at $50^{\circ}C$. Results : ZME had analgesic effects in the early and late phase of USV during the formalin test. There were no significant differences between ZMEG-1 and Lido-1 in early and late phase of USV. Also, No significant differences observed in serum AST and ALT activity in ZMWG-1 and ZMEG-1 compared with Con-1. For tail-flick test, analgesic effect on warmth significantly increased in Lido-2 and ZMEG-2 compare to that of Con-2. Conclusion : ZME pharmacopuncture had analgesic effects on formalin-induced pain without liver toxicity. Also, tail-flick test suggest that ZME pharmacopuncture could be useful technique on analgesic effect on warmth and treatment of pains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.785-793
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• 2013

We studied the effects of 2 different dosages of high-molecular-weight poly-${\gamma}$-glutamic acid (hm ${\gamma}$-PGA) derived from Bacillus subtilis chungkookjang on lipid metabolism in a high-fructose diet-induced hypertriglyceridemic animal model. For 4 weeks, rats were fed either AIN-93 diet (normal control, NC; n = 10) or modified AIN-93 diet in which cornstarch was substituted with 63% fructose (n = 30) to induce hypertriglyceridemia. After 4 weeks, the hypertriglyceridemic rats were treated with daily oral doses of 0 mg (hypertriglyceridemic control, HC), 2.5 mg (hypertriglyceridemic, low hm ${\gamma}$-PGA, HL), or 5 $mg{\cdot}kg{\cdot}bw^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ (hypertriglyceridemic, high hm ${\gamma}$-PGA, HH) hm ${\gamma}$-PGA for 4 weeks. The HL and HH groups exhibited significantly lower levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and free fatty acids than the HC group. The administration of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA reduced serum ALT and AST levels. The activities of lipogenic enzymes such as hepatic malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA expression were significantly decreased by hm ${\gamma}$-PGA administration (p < 0.05). These results indicate that hm ${\gamma}$-PGA has an anti-hypertriglyceridemic effect in high-fructose diet-induced hypertriglyceridemic rats.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2015

Objectives In this study, effect of Geumsuyukgunjeon (GYJ) on the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances of rats with acute bronchitis and EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production from human airway epithelial cells were investigated. Materials and Methods Hypersecretion of airway mucus was induced by exposure of rats to SO2 during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered GYJ during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats was assesed using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with PAS-alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicity of GYJ was assessed by examining the potential damage of kidney and liver functions by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN and creatinine concentrations of rats and the body weight gain during experiment, after administering GYJ orally. Effect of GYJ on EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production from human airway epithelial cells (A549) was investigated. Confluent A549 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of GYJ and treated with EGF (25 ng/ml) for 24 hrs, to assess the effect of GYJ on EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1) GYJ decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of trachea of rats. (2) GYJ did not show kidney and liver toxicities and did not affect body weight gain of rats during experiment. (3) GYJ significantly inhibited EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production from A549 cells. Conclusions The result from the present study suggests that GYJ might control both the mucus hypersecretion in vivo and do not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration and the production of pulmonary mucin.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2005

Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-estrogenic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. It showed a degree of hepatic carcinogenesis, when it used for long term as it can decrease the hexose monophosphate shunt and thereby increasing the incidence of oxidative stress in liver rat cells leading to liver injury. In this study, a model of liver injury in female rats was done by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen in a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight for 7 successive days. This model produced a state of oxidative stress accompanied with liver injury as noticed by significant declines in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant elevations in TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and liver transaminases; sGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and sGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) levels. The oral administration of dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate (DDB) in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 successive days, resulted in alleviation of the oxidative stress status of tamoxifen-intoxicated liver injury in rats as observed by significant increments in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant decrements in TBARS and liver transaminases; sGPT and sGOT levels. The administration of DDB before tamoxifen intoxication (as protection) is more little effective than its curative effect against tamoxifen-induced liver injury. The data obtained from this study speculated that DDB can mediate its biochemical effects through the enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione level as well as decreasing lipid peroxides.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2013

Objectives : Degenerative arthritis arises from several physiological factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of Phyto-extract Complex (CME) on degenerative arthritis. Methods : CME is composed of extracts of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit, mulberry leaves and black beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). To measure the toxicity of CME, we performed the single-dose toxicity study. For the evaluation of its effects on degenerative arthritis, we examined the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, using in vitro enzyme activity assay, the reduction of protein expression of COX-2, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells which were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also examined the serum level of prostaglandins (PGs) and injury of the knee joint cartilage, using animal model of degenerative arthritis induced by mono-sodium iodoacetate (MIA). Results : CME did not have any toxicity in single-dose toxicity study. The CME inhibited the activity of COX-2 and could reduce the protein expression of COX-2, 5-LO and iNOS in RAW264.7 cells. The CME also reduced the serum level of PGs and prevented from the cartilage injury of knee joint in animal model of degenerative arthritis induced by MIA. Conclusions : Taken altogether, the CME could be useful for the improvement of degenerative arthritis through its various anti-inflammatory activities and prevention from the cartilage injury of knee joint.