• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.5 s.72
• /
• pp.790-795
• /
• 2005

The effects of liquid culture of Coriolus (C) versicolor on weight gain, food intakes, food efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations were investigated in male rats fed the high cholesterol diets. Eight weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were given three different types of diet for six weeks, respectively: a control diet ($ 20\% fat +0.5 \% $ cholesterol), two kinds of C versicolor diet (control diet + $ 30\% or 40\%$C. versicozor in water) according to the levels of C. versicolor supplementation. The body weight gains of the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\% $ C. versicolor diets were lower than those in the rats fed the control diet. The food intake, food efficiency ratios, and liver, kidney, epididymal fat pad weights of the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\%$ C. versicoEer diets were similar to those of the rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride in the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\% $ C. versicolor diets were significantly lower than those in the rats fed the control diet. The concentrations in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly lower in the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\%$ C. versicolor diets compared to those fed the control diet. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios was significantly higher in the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\% $ C. versicolor diets compared to those fed the control diet. The fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride in the rats fed $ 40\% $ C. versicolor diet was significantly higher than that of the rats fed the control diet. There were no significant difference found in the serum trigly-ceride, phospholipid and HDL-cholesterol concentrations among the experimental groups. These results showed that the C. versicolor feeding decreased the hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride, and the serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index, and increased the serum HDL-cholesterol/ total-cholesterol ratio of the rats.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intakes and blood parameters of cardiovascular function in 40 female college students on self-selected diet in Chungnam. Anthropometric measurements, analysis of dietary intakes and blood composition were conducted. Serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CK-MB, and LDH were measured by biochemical analyzer. The results were summarized as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.5$\pm$1.2 years. The weight, height and BMI were 52.4$\pm$7.2kg, 161.3$\pm$5.7cm and 20.2$\pm$2.4, respectively. Daily energy and lipid intakes were 1634.2$\pm$ 437.7kcal and 46.8$\pm$17.0g. And the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid to energy intake was 59.2 : 14.5 : 26.3. Serum concentrations appeared to be 61.1$\pm$ 24.2mg/dl(triglyceride), 141.2$\pm$330.mg/dl(total cholesterol), 64.8$\pm$ 20.1mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 64.1$\pm$ 25.4mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol), 7.2$\pm$3.2IU/l (CK-MB), 107.9$\pm$23.4IU/l (LDH). In the relation between nutrient intakes and serum parameters, vitamin $B_1$ intake showed positive correlation with triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and CK-MB, respectively(p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.05). Vitamin $B_2$intake had positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). And vitamin C intake had negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). From these results, it is suggested that the intakes of micro nutrients such as vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C have relation with cardiovascular function in female college students. However, further systematic research is needed to investigate the functions of micro nutrients in healthy persons for prevention of chronic diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.166-178
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was no investigate serum lipid levels of primary school children and to estimate their intakes of total fat and fatty acids. Subjects fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(Chol) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Chol). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol), LDL-Chol/HDL-Chol ratio(LPH), and atherogenic index(AI) were calculated,. Dietary intake of nutrients was assessed by means of a 24-hour recall method using food models and other measuring tools . The serum levels of TG, Chol and LDL-Chol in girls were higher than those in boys, but the serum HDL-Chol level of girls was lower than that of boys. As the degree of obesity increased, the serum TG level of girls was lower than that of boys. As the degree of oesity increased , the serum TG level of girls increased. The serum LDL-Chol level was higher in obese boys than in normal ones. Percentage s of subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease based on corresponding criteria of TG, Chol,HDL-CHol and LDL-Chol were 25.9%, 7.6%, 20.7% and 10.1%, respectively. The serum TG level of children provided with the national school lunch program(NSLP) was lower than that of children without NLSP. The total fat intake of boys was higher than that of girls, but calorie-adjusted fat intake became similar between the two groups. Intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) and saturated fatty acids(SFA) were 13.3$\pm$9.5g, 16.1$\pm$9.3g and 21.4$\pm$14.2g in boys, respecitively , and 12.6$\pm$11.3g, 15.3$\pm$9.7g and 19.9$\pm$13.1g in girls, respectively . The ratios of polyunsaturated /monoun-saturated /saturated /saturated fatty acids(P/M/S) in boys and girls were 0.7/0.8/1.0 and 0.8/0.8/1.0 respectively. The ratios of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids in boys and girls were found to be 12.1 /1.0 and 8.6/1.0 , respectively. These results indicated the urgent need of nutritional education in primary schools to prevent further increase in childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia . Therefore, this study will contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines and health recommendation for school children.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.283-315
• /
• 1997

The effects of Geumguesingitang and Dohongsamultang on rats with nephrosis induced by a single tail-intravenous injection of puromycin aminonucleoside(PAN), 2.5mg/l00g of body weight were evaluated in the present study. The effects of Geumguesingitang and Dohongsamultang on PAN nephrosis were evaluated by measuring (1)the concentrations of albumin, total protein, total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and uric acid in the serum, (2)the concentrations of protein, creatinine, glucose, occult blood and volume of the 24 hours urine and (3)the volume of intake water. The results are summerized as follows; 1. In the Control group as compared to the Normal. the amount of protein of 24 hours urine was significantly increased, the concentrations of albumin and total protein were significantly decreased. Total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum were significantly increased. The concentrations of creatinine, BUN, uric acid in the serum, the amount of glucose and occult blood of 24 hours urine were also increased significantly. 2. In the Geumguesingitang group as compared to the Control, the increase in the amount of urinary protein during 24 hours induced by PAN was significantly suppressed, and the concentrations of total protein and albumin in the serum were significantly increased. The concentrations of total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum were significantly inhibited. The decrease of the concentrations of creatinine and uric acid in the serum were also observed significantly. 3. In the Dohongsamultang group as compared to the Control, the increase of the amount of protein and glucose of the 24 hours urine induced by PAN were significantly inhibited, and the concentrations of total protein and albumin in the serum were increased significantly. The concentrations of total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum were decreased significantly. The decrease of the concentrations of creatinine and uric acid in the serum were observed significantly. It can be inferred that Geumguesingitang has effects on improving proteinuria, hypoproteinemia effectively. It has an effect on hyperlipidemia significantly relieved. And relieving azotemia when nephrotic syndrome is accompanied by the acute renal failure. It can be inferred that Dohongsamultang improves hyperlipidemia effectively. It has effects on proteinuria, hypoproteinemia in nephrotic syndrome significantly relieved. And relieving azotemia when nephrotic syndrome is accompanied by the acute renal failure.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.1126-1131
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trans-unsaturated fatty acid (TFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA) and general unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) on serum lipid levels in ICR mice. Male ICR 8-week-old mice were divided into six groups; the control group (C) fed with normal diet, the TFA-1 group fed with 10% trans-unsaturated fatty acid, the TFA-2 group fed with 30% trans-unsaturated fatty acid, the TFA-3 group fed with 50% trans-unsaturated fatty acid, the SFA group fed with 50% saturated fatty acid, and USFA group fed with 50% general unsaturated fatty acid. The serum total cholesterol of TFA-3 and SFA was higher than those of other fat groups and C. The serum triglyceride (TG) of TFA-3 and SFA showed the highest levels among all of diet groups. Also the serum HDL cholesterol levels of TFA-3 showed the lowest. LDL cholesterol and atherogenic indices (AI) were remarkedly increased in TFA-3 and SFA, as compared with other fat fed groups and C. Taken together with results, the TFA-3 group showed serum lipid levels similar to the SFA and different from the USFA. These results suggest that intake of high level of trans-unsaturated fatty acid increased serum triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and atherogenic indices, which may affect risk on serum lipid level for lipid metabolism syndrome.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2007

In order to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of an herb distillate, ie., a mixture of 28 traditional Korean herbs, germanium, tormarine and Gijangsoo (Gijang water), $CCl_4$ was intraperitoneally administered to rats before or after supplementation of the diluted herb distillate (HD) for 2 weeks. Then hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and serum lipid profiles were determined. The experimental groups had higher feed intake than the normal control (NC), but had lower weight gain. Water intake and the amount of feces were not significantly different, but urine was excreted in lower amounts in all the experimental groups compared to the NC. Liver weights in the HD-supplemented groups were lower than that of the distilled water-supplemented groups (DW-groups) after $CCl_4$-administration. Serum ALT activities in all the experimental groups were higher than that of the NC-group. However, the increasing activity of serum ALT in the HD-supplemented groups (HD-groups) was lower than that of the DW-groups. Total serum and LDL-cholesterol levels were higher in all the $CCl_4$-administered groups than in the NC-groups, and serum HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in all the experimental groups compared with the NC-groups. Meanwhile, the increasing rate of total serum and LDL-cholesterol levels and the decreasing rate of HDL-cholesterol in the HD-groups were lower than that of the DW-groups. But, levels of serum TG were similar among all the experimental groups. The activities of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) type O of the $CCl_4$-administered rats showed a significant increase in and an increasing rate of XOD in the HD-groups, which was lower than that of the DW-groups. On the other hand, GST activities in all the experimental groups were significantly decreased, and the decreasing rate was lower in the HD-groups than in the DW-groups. The hepatic contents of GSH and LPO in all the rats were not changed by $CCl_4$ administration. These results suggest that the decreased liver damage in the HD-supplemented groups was due to the inhibition of XOD-type O activity by constituents of HD, as well as by a prevention/inhibition of serum lipid profile changes in $CCl_4$-treated rats. However, further detailed studies are needed to support this hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.9
• /
• pp.1179-1186
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of saengmaec-san on the level of blood glucose and serum components in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental groups were divided into normal group (normal), diabetic control group (Dia-control), 10% saengmaec-san (white ginseng) group (DA), 10% saengmaec-san (fermented white ginseng) group (DB), 10% saengmaec-san (fermented red ginseng) group (DC), 5% saengmaec-san (extruded and fermented white ginseng) group (DDL), 10% saengmaec-san (extruded and fermented white ginseng) group (DDH). The body weight after induction of diabetes was 85.4% in the Dia-control group compared with the normal group. But in the DA group, the body weight showed clear sign of recovery almost normal level after administration of saengmaec-san for two weeks. The food efficiency ratios (FER) were 5.94% in the normal group. But it was significantly decreased in the Dia-control group (0.58%). All the treatment groups showed increase of FER compared with the Dia-control group. The level of blood glucose was significantly increased in the STZ-induced diabetes groups but it was decreased in all the treatment groups after administration for 2 weeks. Serum creatinine level were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetes groups and after administration of saengmaeg-san for 2 weeks while the level of serum creatinine was decreased 33.3% in the DB group. After administration of saengmaec-san for two weeks, serum total cholesterol level were significantly lower in all treatment groups than the first day of the total cholesterol level. The level of serum triglyceride was increased in all the treatment groups compared with the first day of triglyceride level. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol, after STZ-induced diabetes, was decreased in all treatment groups but particularly in the DDL and DDH groups increased HDL-cholesterol level compared with the first day of the saengmaec-san administration. Compared with the beginning of experiment, Atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased in all treatment groups than the Dia-control group and showed clear sign of recovery almost normal level. These results suggested that the saengmaec-san could be developed as an antidiabetic agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2003

In Oriental Medicine, hyperlipidemia is considered as the phlegm stagnancy(痰飮) and blood stasis(瘀血). Typhae Pollen helps remove blood stasis and hemorrhage and it also has an effect of relieving pains caused by blood stasis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the curative effects of Typhae Pollen on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Thirty-two rats were divided into normal, control and treated group. Control and treated group were fed with 1.5% cholesterol diet during 4 weeks, and fed with normal diet during next 4 weeks. Treated group was also administrated with extract of Typhae Pollen during last 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected from each of animals at 4, 6 and 8weeks, and used for the blood chemical analysis. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks, and chemical analysis was performed on the collected liver samples. The serum total cholesterol(47.82±2.03㎎/㎗), LDL-cholesterol(11.09±1.27㎎/㎗), HDL-cholesterol (19.64±1.23㎎/㎗), triglyceride(85.09±3.48㎎/㎗) values of treated group were significantly decreased compared with the serum total cholesterol(73.73±5.34㎎/㎗), LDL-cholesterol(22.09±3.09㎎/㎗), HDL-cholesterol(25.18±1.45㎎/㎗l), triglyceride(124.27±6.72㎎/㎗) values of control group at 8weeks. The liver total cholesterol and triglyceride values of treated group show no statistically significant differency compared with those values of control group. On the basis of these results, it is confirmed that Typhae Pollen has the curative effects on the hyperlipidemia in rats induced by hyper-cholesterol diets.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.526-538
• /
• 2010

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the effect of Sunhwangigagambang(SHG) on hyperlipidemia in SD rats induced by high cholesterol diet. Method : After treatment with SHG, cytotoxicity, body weight, liver weight, AST, ALT, ALP, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, albumin, total protein in serum, malondialdehyde, and gene expression for ACAT and HMG-CoA reductase in hepatic tissue were analyzed. Result : 1. SHG didn't show any cytotoxicity in both human fibroblast cell line and SD rats. 2. SHG significantly inhibited the increase of liver weight by high cholesterol diet compared to the control group. 3. SHG significantly ameliorated the increase of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride and reduction of HDL-cholesterol compared to the control group. 4. SHG significantly reduced glucose level in serum compared to the control group. 5. SHG significantly reduced malondialdehyde in hepatic tissue compared to the control group. 6. SHG significantly down-regulated gene expression of ACAT and HMG-CoA reductase compared to the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that SHG might be effective in treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.298-306
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a global health problem of significant importance which increases mortality. In place of anti-obesity drugs, natural products are being developed as alternative therapeutic materials. In this study, we investigated the effect of Brassica juncea L. leaf extract (BLE) on fat deposition and lipid profiles in high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFC)-induced obese rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) according to diet: normal diet group (ND), high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), HFC with 3% BLE diet group (HFC-A1), and HFC with 5% BLE diet group (HFC-A2). Each group was fed for 6 weeks. Rat body and adipose tissue weights, serum biochemical parameters, and tissue lipid contents were determined. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The HFC-A2 group showed significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency ratio than the HFC group. BLE supplementation caused mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissue weights to decrease. The serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased in rats fed BLE. These results were related to lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase mRNA expression, and to higher expression of the cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and low density lipoprotein-receptor, as well as increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$. Histological analysis of the liver revealed decreased lipid droplets in HFC rats treated with BLE. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of HFC with 3% or 5% BLE inhibited body fat accumulation, improved lipid profiles, and modulated lipogenesis- and cholesterol metabolism-related gene and protein expression.