• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.203-219
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• 2010

Several studies have reported on how and what mathematically gifted students develop superior ability or creativity in geometry and algebra. However, there are lack of studies in probability area, though there are a few trials of probability education for mathematically gifted students. Moreover, less attention has paid to the strategies to develop gifted students' creativity. This study has drawn three teaching strategies for creativity development based on literature review embedding: cognitive conflict, multiple representations, and social interaction. We designed a series of tasks via reconstructing, so called Simpson's paradox to meet these strategies. The findings showed that the gifted students made Quite a bit of improvement in creativity while participating in reflective thinking and active discussion, doing internal and external connection, translating representations, and investigating basic assumption.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-48
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• 2018

Although the concept of "common sense" is often taken for granted, judging whether behavior or knowledge is common sense requires a complex series of mental processes. Additionally, different perceptions of common sense can lead to social conflicts. Thus, it is important to understand how we perceive common sense and make relevant judgments. The present study investigated the dynamics of neural representations underlying judgments of what common sense is. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants indicated the extent to which they thought that a given sentence corresponded to common sense under the given perspective. We incorporated two different decision contexts involving different cultural perspectives to account for social variability of the judgments, an important feature of common sense judgments apart from logical true/false judgments. Our findings demonstrated that common sense versus non-common sense perceptions involve the amygdala and a brain network for episodic memory recollection, including the hippocampus, angular gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, suggesting integrated affective, mnemonic, and social functioning in common sense processing. Furthermore, functional connectivity multivariate pattern analysis revealed that interactivity among the amygdala, angular gyrus, and parahippocampal cortex reflected representational features of common sense perception and not those of non-common sense perception. Our study demonstrated that the social memory network is exclusively involved in processing common sense and not non-common sense. These results suggest that intergroup exclusion and misunderstanding can be reduced by experiencing and encoding long-term social memories about behavioral norms and knowledge that act as common sense of the outgroup.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

This study was conducted to explore the implicit structure of gender-stereotype which is one of the social categories. Social categories were considered to have the more evaluative properties and unclear hierarchical representations compared to the objects or the action categories. In this series of experiments. we want to examine the generalizability of the congruent effect into gender-stereotype using a priming paradigm and introducing the various SOA (stimulus onset asynchrony. SOA 250ms to 1000ms). The results of Experiment 1 and 3 (SOA 250-500ms) showed that the priming effects of female-female condition was larger than the other conditions. However. Experiment 2 (SOA 1000ms) showed that the priming effects among the conditions disappeared. We found the female-congruent effects only in a short SOA. These results suggest the possibility that the gender-stereotype in the automatic and implicit processing level can be represented b by the cross-categorical structure in some cultural area.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.7 no.1 s.13
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• pp.29-40
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• 1999

In vector GIS, natural linear entities (called linear entitles) are usually represented by a set of line segments. As an alternative of the line segments, curve segments can be used to represent the linear entities. The curve segments, as one-dimensional spatial objects, we generated by spline interpolation technique such as Bezier technique. In an effort to improve its accuracy in resembling the linear entities, the Bezier technique was modified generating a new technique (called New technique) (Kiyun, 1998). In this paper, validity of the New technique was tested. Test focused on answering two questions: (1) whether or not the curve segments from the New technique replace line segments so as to enhance the accuracy of representations of linear entities, and (2) whether or not the curve segments from the New technique represent the linear entities more accurately than curve segments from the Bezier technique. Answering these two questions entailed two hypothesis tests. For test data, a series of hydrologic lines on 7.5-minute USGS map series were selected. Test were done using t-test method and statistical inferences were made from the results. Test results indicated that curve segments from both the Bezier and New techniques represent the linear entities more accurately than the line segments do. In addition, curve segments from the New technique represent the linear entities more accurately than the line segments from the Bezier technique do at probability level 69% or higher.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

This paper is to suggest the method of embedding a signature to pictures secretly under the orthogonal wavelet transform which represents pictures as multi-resolution representations. As it is focused upon the differential output under the multi-resolution representation of pictures, this method can embed bit series to pictures. In doing so, it can compound approximately 6K byte of information with gray-level image $256{\times}256$. The method can include not only the database which designates copyright of pictures but also the author and usage of pictures, and the information of the picture itself. Therefore, this method can easily discriminate the inspection of picture database.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.111
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• pp.788-794
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• 2006

In this paper, a Sommerfeld integral for an impedance half-plane is considered, which is one of classical problems in electromagnetic theory. First, the integral is evaluated into two series representations which are expressed in terms of exponential integral and Lommel function, respectively. Then based on the Lommel function expansion, an exact, closed-form expression of the integral is formulated, written in terms of incomplete Weber integrals. Additionally, based on the exponential integral expansion, an approximate expression of the integral is obtained. Validity of all formulations derived in this paper is demonstrated through comparisons with a numerical integration of the integral for various situations.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.323-336
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' written arguments embedded in scientific inquiry investigations using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach. Argument components defined in this study are questions, claims, questions-claims relationship, evidence, claims-evidence relationship, multiple modal representations, and reflection. A set of criteria for evaluating each argument component was developed to evaluate writing samples of students from college freshman general chemistry laboratory classes. Results indicate that students produced, on average, moderate to powerful questions, claims, and evidence. They also constructed reasonable questions-claims relationship and claims-evidence relationship. Compared to other component scores, the average score for reflection was relatively low. Overall, the average Total Argument score was 21.4 out of a possible 36, that is, the quality of the written arguments using the SWH approach during a series of inquiry-based chemistry laboratory investigations was moderate to powerful. The findings of this study suggest that students, on average, developed reasonable scientific arguments generated as part of scientific inquiry. In other words, students are capable of putting together reasonable arguments as they participate in inquiry-based laboratory classrooms.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

A series of three shear wall specimens were tested under constant axial stress and reversed cyclic lateral loading to evaluate the capacity of seismic retrofit proposed for the shear wall with the opening induced by remodeling. One specimen was tested in the as-built condition and the others were retrofitted prior to testing. The retrofit involved the use of carbon fiber sheets and steel plates (thickness ; 3mm) over the entire face of the wall. Specimens were 1/2-scale representations of a one-story wall in a Korean apartment building that was built in 1980. The test results showed that failure mechanism of specimens governed by shear fracture and the strength of specimens was varied with according to the retrofitting strategies.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

Patterns are of great significance to develop algebraic thinking of elementary students. This study analyzed teaching methods of patterns in current elementary mathematics textbook series in terms of three main activities related to pattern generalization (i.e., analyzing the structure of patterns, investigating the relationship between two variables, and reasoning and representing the generalized rules). The results of this study showed that such activities to analyze the structure of patterns are not explicitly considered in the textbooks, whereas those to explore the relationship between two variables in a pattern are emphasized throughout all grade levels using function table. The activities to reason and represent the generalized rules of patterns are dealt in a way both for lower grade students to use informal representations and for upper grade students to employ formal representations with expressions or symbols. The results of this study also illustrated that patterns in the textbooks are treated rather as a separate strand than as something connected to other content strands. This paper closes with several implications to teach patterns in a way to foster early algebraic thinking of elementary school students.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.39
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• pp.473-505
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• 2007

Advertising is regarded as one of media's most proficient instruments of reflecting changing society. It represents the channel through which globalization and consumption culture have spread into everyday life. This study explores the significance and representations of multi-culturalism in contemporary television commercials. For the purpose, the social and historical meanings of the term 'multi-culturalism', generated inside and outside Korea, are discussed. A series of text analysis are followed, focusing on the representation of non-Korean models in terms of ethnicity and race. The result shows that the advertising is the instrument utilized in creating the relationship between multi-culturalism and racialism, which is called 'strategic multi-culturalism'. This strategy commonly happens in today's commercial advertising such as information/telecommunication, real estate/branded apartment complex, and bank/finance market. Despite the increasing number of multi-cultural commercials in the past decade, multi-culturalism in Korean society has not yet fully articulated.