• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.56-80
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• 1977

This experimental work was conducted in order to find out the optimum time of harvest of Japonica-type (Akibare) and Indica-type(Tong-il) rice variety for three harvesting systems by investigating the harvesting losses and milling quality. The study was also concerned about the nature and amount of grain losses incurred during the each sequence of post-harvest technologies, and based on these result, a modification of existing systems giving a minimum grain loss was attempted. Binder, combine, and traditional systems were tested in this study and five grain moisture levels were disposed according to the decrease of grain moisture . The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The total losses of Akibare variety were ranged from 1.1 to 1.5 per cent for the traditional harvesting system , 2.1 to 4.8 per cent for the harvesting system by use of binder, and 2.8 to 4.3 per cent for the harvesting system by use of combine as the grain moisture content was reduced from 24 to 15 percent. Milling recovery of the harvesting system by use of binder, 74.8 ∼75.7 percent, was a little higher as it was compared to that of traditional harvesting system, 74.3 ∼75.0per cent, and that of the harvesting system by use of combine, 73.8 ∼75.0 per cent. Head rice recovery of mechanically dried paddy samples was higher than that of sun-dried paddy samples. 2. The total losses of Tong-il variety were ranged from 3.8 to 5.0 per cent for the traditional harvesting system, 5.2 to 10.0 percent for the system by use of binder, and 3.0 to 5.0 per cent for the system by use of combine as the grain moisture was reduced from 28 to 16 per cent. 3. Milling recovery of Tong-il variety harvested by the traditional harvesting system was 72.3 ∼73.6 percent and it was lower when compared to that of 72.3∼75.0 per cent harvested by binder, and 73.0∼74.6 percent harvested by combine. 4. Head rice recovery of Tong-il variety harvested by the traditional harvesting system (58.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.447-452
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• 2007

In this study, we compared the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 138 MRSA isolates obtained from adult and pediatric patients (adult, 50; children, 88). The resistance rates against gentamicin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin were much higher in the adult MRSA isolates than in the pediatric MRSA isolates. The ermC gene, which is responsible for inducible clindamycin resistance, was detected in 52(59.1%) of the 88 pediatric MRSA isolates but in only 5(10.0%) of the 50 adult MRSA isolates. MRSA isolates of clonal type ST5 with an integration of SCCmec type II/II variants was the most predominant clone among the adult isolates, while clonal type ST72 with an integration of SCCmec IV/IVA was the most predominant clone among the pediatric MRSA isolates. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 were prevalent among the adult MRSA isolates but not among the pediatric MRSA isolates. The results of this study demonstrated remarkable differences between adult and pediatric MRSA isolates in terms of their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, SCCmec type, multilocus sequence type, staphylococcal toxin genes, and erythromycin resistance genes.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2020

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans worldwide. Since UPEC is increasingly gaining resistance to many antimicrobial agents, antibiotic therapy of UTI has recently become a great concern. This study examined the epidemiological relationship, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of 84 UPEC isolates obtained from UTI patients in Daejeon, from March to December 2017. Molecular epidemiology was investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and an antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined using an E-test. In this study, UTI was more common in females (73.8%) than in males (26.2%), and the highest incidence of UTI was observed in the age group in their 70s. Among the 84 UPEC isolates, 59 isolates (70.2%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and the major sequence type was ST131 (44 isolates, 52.4%). Interestingly, the rates of MDR in non-ST131 isolates (72.5%) were higher compared to ST131 isolates (68.2%). These results indicate the possibility of the development and spread of MDR in non-ST131 isolates. Effective surveillance networks and continuous research need to be conducted globally to prevent the emergence and international spread of MDR non-ST131 isolates.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1970

Two peptides (Im pr-M, Im ch-M) derived from Im ${\lambda}-type$ of Bence Jones Protein and one peptide (Ikch-M) from Ik were separated and purified using the Dowex $50{\times}2$ column $(1{\times}20\;cm)$ and Dowex $1{\times}2(0.9{\times}50\;cm)$. The buffer solution was composed of 1% pyridine and IM formic acid in Dowex $1{\times}2$ column. The blocked N-terminal was examined with ninhydrin reaction before and after alkaline hydrolysis, which was fractionated by Dowex $1{\times}2$ column. Pyrro-glutamic acid in N-terminal residue was identified by comparing with the authentic pyrro-glutamic acid through a high voltage electrophoresis (pH 3.5, 3000 V.) after the peptide Im pr-M (PCA. Ser) was cleavaged at the position of serine with cone. (12 N) HCl and the pyrro-glutamic acid was converted to glutamic acid by treating it with N-NaOH for 116 hours at $27^{\circ}C$. The substractive method was applied to find out the sequence of peptides and carboxypeptidase A was employed to release C-terminal residue from the peptide. In present study PCA. Ser in Im Pr-M was isolated from the pronase digested ${\lambda}$-type Bence Jones protein. The yield of the Im Pr-M was 79.6 percent of its theoretical value, based on the molecular weight of Bence Jones Protein. Im ch-M (PCA. Ser Val. Leu) was isolated from the chymotrypsin digested ${\lambda}$-type Bence Jones Protein. The yield of the Im ch-M was 72.2 percent. based on the molecular weight of Bence Jones Protein. Ik ch-M (PCA. Ser. Ala. Leu) was isolated from the chymotrypsin digested ${\lambda}$-type Bence Jones Protein and its yield was 42% based on the molecular weight of Bence Jones Protein.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.399-413
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• 1998

Daegang granite is located around the Namwon-gun, Cheolabuk-do, and is an elongate stock $(80 km^{2})$ in the NNE-SSW direction. Daegang granite has the very same mineralogical and geochemical characteristics as those of the typical A-type granites; (1) it is a one feldspar hypersolvus granite, and is classified as an alkali feldspar granite in the lUGS scheme, (2) has small amounts of Fe-rich biotite (annite) and alkali amphibole (ribeckite) that are late in the crystallization sequence of the granitic magma, (3) always contains opaque oxides, fluorite and zircon, (4) shows high and quite homogeneous $SiO_2$, content (mostly 72~77 wt.%) and $(Na_{2}O+K_{2}O)/Al_{2}O_{3}$ ratio (0.90~0.98), (5) contains high Ga, lOOOO*Ga/Ai, $K_{2}O+Na_{2}O$, $(K_{2}O+Na_{2}O)/CaO$, $K_{2}O/MgO$, FeO/MgO, agpaitic index, Zr, Nb, Ce, Y, Zn value or ratio that resemble to those of the Australian A-type granites (Whalen et al., 1987), and (6) has enriched LREE and HREE that show flat variation pattern with slightly depleted in HREE and profound Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.04~0.l4). In the tectonic discrimination diagrams of Pearce et al. (1984) and Eby (1992), Daegang granite is classified as a within plate granite and $A_{2}-type$.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2002

We have cloned cDNAs encoding toxin from the spider, Araneus ventricosus, and constructed a recombinant baculovirus expressing the insecticidal toxin. The cDNAs encoding toxin were cloned from the cDNA library of A. ventricosus. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs encoding the toxin of A. ventricosus revealed that the 240 bp cDNA for AvTox-1 and 192 bp cDNA for AvTox-2 have an open reading frame of 80 and 64 amino acid residues, respectively. The deduced protein sequence of the toxin genes of AvTox-1 and AvTox-2 was aligned to that of the snack Anemonia sulcata and scorpion Centruroides limpidus limpidus, respectively. Northern blot analysis indicated that AvTox-2 toxin gene showed a fat body-spe-cific expression pattern at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we have explored the possibility of improving baculovirus by incorporating the A. vontricosus toxin gene into Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome under the control of polyhedrin promoter, The AvTox-2 toxin gene was expressed as approximately 5.8 kDa band in the recombinant baculovirus-injected silkworm larvae. Bioassays with the recombinant virus expressing AvTox-2 on 5th instar silkworm larvae demonstrated a decrease in the time to kill $(LT_{50} days)$ compared to wild-type BmNPV-Kl $(LT_{50} 6.72 days)$ in the injection of 10 viruses. These results indicate that A. ventricosus toxin is a novel member of the spider toxin family, suggesting that the toxin gene can be used in recombinant baculoviruses to reduce insect feeding damage and increase the speed of insect kill.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2014

Minimal broth containing nicotine as a sole carbon source (MB/N) was used to isolate novel nicotine-degrading bacterial strains from tobacco plants and field soils. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, phenotypic test and morphological tests showed that the position of these isolates were in the genus Arthrobacter of the family Micrococcaceae. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of the isolate NU11 and NU15 to type strains in the genus Arthrobacter were Arthrobacter equi (98.2%) which was presumably a novel strain and Arthrobacter nicotinovorans (99.8%), respectively. Both strain NU11 and NU15 showed rod shaped, Gram-positive characteristics and catalase activity, but did not show oxidase activity. The novel strain NU11 was found to degrade efficiently nicotine in MB/N medium by the analysis of UV absorption spectra and could be used as an organism in bioremediation technique.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-65
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• 1998

The purpose of this study are to measure the overall level of consumer consciousness and behavior on environmental problems of high school girl students and to analyze the most influential factors related to the socio-demography and the education on environment. This study also aims at inspiring the students with sound view of environments and furnishing basic data for the development of consumer education program. The researcher used questionnaires on consumer consciousness scale and consumer behavior scale for the purpose of this study. 640 students were surveyed randomly in Kwangju and Chonnam, and 608 questionnaires were selected as final analysis data. Major Findings were as follows: 1. The average score of consumer consciousness and behavior on environmental problems of the high school girls were 86.0 on scale of 110 (72.7 on scale of 100) and 63.3 on scale of 115(43.8 on scale of 100). 2. The consumer consciousness and behavior on environmental problems of the high school girls showed partial differences according to the socio-demography variable. 3. The consumer consciousness and behavior on environmental problems of the high school girls showed partial differences according to the education to environment variables. 4. The consumer behavior on environmental problems had a positive relationship with the consumer consciousness. 5. The most influential variables on the consumer consciousness were necessity of the education on environment, the type of school, region, and monthly allowance money in sequence. And the most influential variables on the consumer behavior were the campaign on environment in home, participation in environment preservation, cosciousness of environment, and education experience on environment in sequence. (Korean J Human Ecology 1(1) : 44∼65, 1998)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.325-334
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• 2007

Recently, quorum sensing has been implicated as an important global regulator controlling the production of numerous virulence factors such as capsular polysaccharides in bacterial pathogens. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of smcR, a homolog of V. harveyi luxR identified from V. vulnificus ATCC29307, were analyzed. The amino acid sequence of SmcR from V. vulnificus was 72 to 92% similar to those of LuxR homologs from Vibrio spp. Functions of SmcR were assessed by the construction of an isogenic mutant, whose smcR gene was inactivated by allelic exchanges, and by evaluating its phenotype changes in vitro and in mice. The disruption of smcR resulted in a significant alteration in biofilm formation, in type of colony morphology, and in motility. When compared with the wild-type, the smcR mutant exhibited reduced survival under adverse conditions, such as acidic pH and hyperosmotic stress. The smcR mutant exhibited decreased cytotoxic activity toward INT 407 cells in vitro. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal $LD_{50}$ of the smcR mutant was approximately $10^2$ times higher than that of parental wild-type. Therefore, it appears that SmcR is a novel global regulator, controlling numerous genes contributing to the pathogenesis as well as survival of V. vulnificus.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

We performed the cloning of a chalcone synthase (CHS) gene, the key enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis, from the cDNA library constructed with grape suspension cells irradiated UV-B. The PCR fragment was used to cloning the CHS gene. One CHS cDNA clone containing an open reading frame and a partial stilbene synthase (STS)cDNA, the stilbene-type phytoalexin, were isolated. The CHS cDNA clone (VCHS) showed 87% sequence homology with VvCHS (V.vinifea) and 72.3% identity with VSTSY(V.vinifea). its amino acid sequences were longer than any other CHS genes as 454 residues. Two genes were weakly expressed in white light irradiated cells, but highly induced in UV-B irradiated condition during 32 hours. Interestingly, the STS was quickly and abundantly expressed from 2 hours when supplemented with jasmonic acid (JA) and the maximum expression was observed at 4 hours and then gradually decreased. But, the additional UV-B or white light quickly degraded the STS expression than only JA treated grape suspension cells. The CHS also was rapidly induced with JA and the synergistical effect was observed at the addigional light treatment of UV-B or white light. These results are indicated that CHS and STS have different response mechanisms against the environmental stresses.