• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to suggest optimum level of the Ratio of Greenery within the frame of vision in the interior landscape design through the analysis of visual character and preference of the interior landscape. The concept of the RG was defined as the ratio of projected area of plants higher than 1.2M against background wall from eye level. 5 photography of Interior landscape space -- 10,20,30,40 and 50% of the RG-- were constructed by computer graphic techinques. Likert scale and semantic differential scale were used to analyse visual character and preference of the interior landscape space. The analysis results are as follows : 1. Factors that compose of the image of the interior landscape have been found to be the "evaluation ", "complexity". The mean value of semantic differential scale showed a significant difference according to RG. When the RG was 20~30%, "Harmony" and "stability" was strongly recognized than the other factors and the interior landscape made the interior space natural and intimate. But at the RG 40!50%, users felt "stuffy" and "too complex" by many plants, so it was not efficient the Interior Landscape. 2. The visual preference was significantly different according to RG. The mean value of the visual preference was increased as the RG was higher, it was the highest at the RG 30%. But over the RG 30%, the preference level was declined. 3. Based on these results, this study suggests that the optimum level of RG in the Interior Landscape is 30%.at the optimum level of RG in the Interior Landscape is 30%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 1995

The aim of this paper was to investigate images of neighborhood parks and pergola facilities. 280 individuals responded to the 19 semantic differential pollar terms for all four parks. A 7-point semantic differential scale was used. Results from the data analysis suggest several important findings; 1. Mean scores were significantly different in most of S.D.scales according to park and pergola facilities types. As compared with park, S.D.scales values of pergola varied with its visual identity in the spatial composition of park. 2. Data from the factor analysis revealed that four dimensions appeared for all park and pergola types : "Evaluation ", "Potentiality", "Variety", and "Familiarity". 3. In terms of the "Familiarity" dimension, Omok park and its pergola were viewed a ssignificantly more familiar than any of the other three areas. 4. Parks were perceived more positive than pergolas images in the dimensions of "Evaluation ", "Variety", and "Familiarity". 5. Regression analysis showed that "Evaluation "and "Variety" dimensions were mainly related to visual preference.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to present the criteria for a sensibility rating scale for measuring the general public's perception of museums' spatial environment, particularly lobby space, through an empirical analysis; and to clarify the characteristics of the presented rating scale in terms of each rating element and factor. For this study, a survey was conducted during September 11-17, 2010, and a total of 370 museum visitors participated in the survey. A sensibility rating scale used for the survey consisted of a total of 32 adjectives selected from a literature review of previous studies. To specify the dimensions of semantic space using the semantic adjectives, words with opposite meanings were analyzed with the semantic differential technique developed by Osgood et al. Using SPSS, a reliability analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted on the data obtained from the survey. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: According to the general public's perception of museum lobbies, five factors were found from the 19 semantic ratings of the Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art and the 20 semantic ratings of the Seoul Museum of Art, respectively. In the case of Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art, three additional semantic words of 'orderly', 'open', and 'original', which did not appear in the case of Seoul Museum of Art, were discovered. In the case of Seoul Museum of Art, more detailed semantic words such as 'restrained', 'ordinary', 'concrete', and 'intellectual (rational)' were obtained. Five semantic elements, which describe the two museums, were: Feelings of 'pleasantness', 'value, 'usage', 'aesthetics', and 'materials'. According to a comparative analysis of the two lobby spaces in terms of semantic rating elements, Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art was perceived to be an orderly, original, open, soft, and female-like space, whereas Seoul Museum of Art was perceived to be aesthetic, restrained, concrete, realistic, intellectual and rational. In the coming years, the results of this study will serve as valuable data for constructing a sensibility rating scale for evaluating spatial environments of museums.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.196-202
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• 2001

In order to investigate the relationship between subjective sensation for fabric sound and touch and the objective measurements, eight different apparel fabrics were selected as specimens. Sound parameters of fabrics including level pressure of total sound (LPT), level range (ΔL), and frequency differences (Δf) and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) were obtained. For subjective evaluation, seven aspects of the sound (softness, loudness, pleasantness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, and highness) and eight of the tough (hardness, smoothness, fineness, coolness, pliability, crispness, heaviness, and thickness) were rated using semantic differential scale. Polyester ultrasuede was evaluated to sound softer and more pleasant while polyester taffeta to sound louder and rougher than any other fabrics. Wool fabric such as worsted and woolen showed similar sensation for sound but differed in some touch sensation in that woolen was coarseast, heaviest, and thickest in touch. In the prediction model for sound sensation, LPT affected positively subjective roughness and highness as well as loudness, while ΔL was found as a parameter related positively with softness and pleasantness. Touch sensation was explained by some of mechanical properties such as surface, compressional, shear, and bending properties implying that a touch sensation could be expressed by a variety of properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 1998

The purposes of the study were to analyse the colors and, color combinations effect on the image perception using gestalt theory. The research method was a quasi-experimental with a between subjects design. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli was consisted of 17 drawings of females wearing Korean traditional dress, by using CAD simulation. A response scale consisted of semantic differential scales. The subjects were 1138 undergraduate students of Taejon city, Chungnam province and Chungbuk province. Their responses to the semantic differential scales were analyzed using factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncans multiple range test. Results were as follows; 1) The colors effect of blouse was significantly greater than the effect of skirt, and no interaction effect was found between blouse colors and skirt colors. 2) In bi-color combination dress set, the combined image of the two colors were compared to the image of the two mono color sets: No single principle was found, however, salient color (such as yellow) and unattractive color (such as green) seemed to act as central trait colors on the image perception. On conclusion the visual image of Korean traditional dress wearer was affected by central trait colors in bi-color combination, and this results support the gestalt theory with central traits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.924-934
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• 2003

The aim of the present study was to measure intra-individual consistency in clothing style evaluation and to examine its relation to the ratings. For this study, a pilot test was conducted to 50 clothing majored university students to explore the stimulus of‘cute’,‘casual’,‘sexy’,‘elegant’,‘intelligent’,‘formal’,‘romantic’,‘individual’,‘refined’for the 9 each image styles from the 32 spring wears in fashion magazine$\boxDr$FARBE$\boxUl$(March, 2000). On the basis of the preliminary survey, the question items explored the 15 pairs of bipolar adjectives as seven-point Likert type. The main survey was preceded 94 female and 111 men of university students from March 13 to 24 in 2000, twice for 7-days interval. As a result of analyzing of correlation coefficients between the two ratings for each subjects, intra-individual consistency in the evaluation, ranged from -.11 to .87 and mean coefficient was .64 of female and .20 to .76 and mean coefficient was .57 of male. Female had higher intra-individual consistency in the evaluation than male. Based on the coefficients, the subjects were classified into three groups: high, medium, and low intra-individual consistency. Analysis of variance of mean ratings by the three groups revealed that significant difference existed in 42% of female and 25% of male in 135 combinations of 9 clothing and 15 semantic differential scales. There was an apparent tendency that subjects of female with high intra-individual consistency were mostly definitely to evaluate clothing, whereas the ones with low were least. But male shows opposit trend compare to each groups of female. The result of this study, it was found that female rated higher intra-individual consistency and definition in the two times evaluations than male and among the semantic differential scales'consistency differ depending on style and gender. It is believed that the result of this study is helpful clothing image evaluation, and clothing image selection tendency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.426-430
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• 2000

This study is about the human sensibility measurement method. Researches on human sensibility measurement have been performed in many aspects. However, due to the subtlety and intricacy of human sensibility, it has been difficult to exactly measure human sensibility.At present, Semantic Differential(SD) method is most widely used to quantify human sensibility. In SD method, complicate human sensibility is represented on a scale with equal interval or equal ratio. However, this method has a critical problem in that human sensibility cannot be expressed with equal interval or equal ratio.In order to complement SD method and represent human sensibilities appropriately, we proposed an alternative method using the chroma-scale with saturation that had not equal interval or ratio. In experiment, proposed method shown that subjects understood a new scale easily and they could express their sensibilities on a new scale without any limitation. As a result, the chroma-scale can be used not only for measuring consumer's preference but also for evaluating or selecting sensibility words.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.452-461
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify how learners perceive mobile technology-based learning materials. For this purpose, two methods were utilized. Using multi-dimensional scale(MDS), it was identified that how learners perceive each type of learning materials using mobile technology. Through semantic differential scale(SDS), learners' perception of the difference between mobile learning materials and existing traditional learning materials was analyzed. As a result, learning materials using mobile technology were classified into as follows : the dimension of interaction with the content; the sense of presence. Learners perceived that mobile learning materials had characteristics of 'active', 'learner-centric', 'multi-sensory', and 'stimulating interest'. The significance of this study was to empirically and comprehensively investigate learners' perception for the characteristics of various mobile learning materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.54-75
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• 1993

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the super graphics in the urban landscape through the quantitative visual quality analysis. For this, the image structure of super graphics have been measured mainly by questionnaries and semantic differential scle method and analyzed by the method of factor analysis, means and multiple regression. Degree of visual preference have been measured mainly by questionnaries and likert attitude scale method and finaly these data have been analyzed by using the stepwise method. The data were collected by presenting 12 super graphics photographs-4 each sample pictures from the 3 each selected districts representing typical urban landscape style(central business district, shopping district, apartment complex). Observer groups were categorized as professionals, students, the others. Result of this thesis can be summarized as fallows: 1. From all 12(3${\times}$4) sample super graphics, the value of each semantic differential scale among the observer groups were presented significant group difference. But no significant difference of the S.D. scale value were observed among central business district, shopping district and apartment complex super graphics. 2. For all experimental points, 4 types of factor have been observed. Factors covering the image of super graphics were found to be the evaluation, the intimacy, the potentiality and the tidiness. 3. Main factors of the super graphics image and factors indicating the group variations yielded high significance between areas. 4. The harmony with surrounding environment, the proper selection of super graphics subject yielded high values for all groups. Especially, the good color sense with building was the most important variable determining the degree of visual preference. 5. The urban C.B.D. super graphics obtained 5∼12 ranks of regional visual preference and the shopping district super graphics obtained 2∼11 ranks, and apartment complex super graphics obtained 1∼7 ranks.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.841-851
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of motif categories and motif colors on evaluating sensory image of fashion materials with the gestalt theory as the background. The research was conducted on a quasi experimental basis, with subjects numbering 187 male and 207 female college students. Data were collected in the period from march 19th to march 31st, 2007. A set of fabric stimuli and semantic differential scales were developed. The stimuli were thirteen fabric species(each measuring 12 by 13cm). Variables included; (a) motif colour(white, grey, pink and blue) (b) motif categories(plain, paisley, flower, stripes and zebra effect). The semantic differential scale to measure sensory image of fabric stimuli included 23 sets of bi-polar adjectives. The data were analysed by factor analysis and ANOVA and the major finding were as follows. 1) Four sensory dimensions emerged of importance: salience, attractiveness, comfort and softness. 2) The motif category effected on the four sensory image dimensions while the motif colour effected on salience, comfort and softness sensory dimensions. 3) An interaction effect was founded between motif category and motif colour. 4) Motif category showed significant effects on the preference and liking of the fashion, however the motif colour did not show any significant effects on the preference and liking. As a whole the results supported the gestalt theory and the results can be used for the marketing strategy for developing fashion fabrics.