• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.446-454
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare job satisfaction, self-esteem, and nursing task performance between registered nurses (RN) and nurse assistants (NA) in long-term care hospitals. Method: The sample consisted of 203 nursing personnel (RN 99 and AN 104), who were working in one of 5 long-term care hospitals in 5 different areas. Data were collected by structured questionnaires from March 15 to April 30, 2010, and analyzed using the descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS/Win 17.0 program. Result: There was no significant difference between nurses and nurse assistants in job satisfaction and self-esteem. But nurses had higher levels of nursing task performance than nurse assistants. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the necessity of developing programs that will help to improve job satisfaction and self-esteem in nurses and nursing task performance in nurse assistants. Strategies need to be developed to maximize the value of the existing workforce without impacting on the quality of care delivered.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.474-483
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors affecting nurses' burnout in secondary general hospitals. Methods: Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 241 nurses working at the secondary general hospitals with below 400 beds in the P, C, and S city between April and May, 2009. Data analysis was done with independent t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN v 17.0. Results: Burnout was significantly different according to religion, age, clinical experiences, and shift work. Burnout score of the subjects was 58/100. Burnout of the subjects were positively correlated with job stress and negatively correlated with hardness, self efficiency, self esteem, spiritual wellbeing, social support, and job satisfaction. The explained variances for burnout was 51.8% and factors affecting nurses' burnout in secondary general hospitals were job stress, hardness, self efficiency, job satisfaction and shift work. Conclusion: These results showed the significant factors fo nurses' burnout in secondary general hospitals. These findings can be utilized to development of strategies for reducing job stress and enhancing hardness, self efficiency and job satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the level of super-leadership and self-leadership, identify correlations among variables and identify the factors influencing organizational commitment of clinical nurses. Methods: Participants were 217 nurses working in four hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffe. test, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression. Results: The most influential factor for organizational commitment was super-leadership (${\beta}=.28$, p<.001), followed by education ${\beta}=.16$, p=.007), the number of unit nurses (${\beta}=.18$, p=.003), self-leadership (${\beta}=.17$, p=.008), and the number of patients being under 10 (${\beta}=.12$, p=.046). These factors accounted for 23% of the variance in organizational commitment (F=13.46, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a need for strategies to improve organizational commitment of nurses by enhancing nurse' self-leadership through nursing managers' super-leadership.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.491-500
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to examine interpersonal relations, hope, professional self-concept and turnover intention according to adult attachment styles in early stage nurses. Methods: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 245 nurses who work in one of six general hospitals. Additionally, a qualitative method was used to obtain data on experiences in interpersonal relations. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINdows 14.0 and qualitative data from open question in the survey questionnaire were analyzed using content analysis. Results: There was a significant difference in interpersonal relations, hope, and professional self-concept according to adult attachment styles. In the interpersonal relation of early stage nurses, 8 themes were identified, of which the most frequent were: a comfortable relationship with my co-workers (43%) and stress from the relationship (34%). Conclusion: Findings from this study should be useful in the development of programs to promote adult attachment and professional self-concept for early stage nurses.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper investigates how consumers' feelings of guilt affect their preference for imported products. Choosing imported products over domestic products reveals that consumers' motivation is to improve themselves. This study also tries to examine whether choosing imported goods has a restorative effect on feelings of guilt. Design/methodology/approach - We ran two experiments to test our hypothesis. Participants were recruited in China and the data analysis software used in this study was SPSS 26.0 for analysis. Findings - The results show that consumers with guilt feelings are more likely to import products than to consume domestic products, the second result shows that choosing imported products has an effect on guilt. In addition, consumers with low self-efficacy in a guilty condition prefer imported products to domestic products. Research implications or Originality - Based on previous research that focused on how guilt activates consumers' self-improvement goals, this study shows that when consumers experience feelings of guilt, they prefer imported products to reduce their negative feelings. These findings are discussed in the light of their implications for research on consumer self-motivation and ways of coping with it.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 2016

This study was conducted to understand influential factors in determining the advance directive attitudes of elderly patients. Structured survey questionnaires were distributed using a convenience sampling method to the residents of long-term-care facilities. As a result, the attitudes toward advance directives were accounted having 2.84 points, the functions of a family with 2.73 points, and the level of self-efficacy with 3.45 points. Participants who have higher family functions were found to have negative attitudes toward self-efficacy, as the relationship between two variables were in the negative correlation (r =-.324, p<.01). However, participants who have higher self-efficacy showed positive attitudes toward advanced directives as the two variables were in the positive correlation (r =.340, p<.01). This study will contribute to the settlement of the AD in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.511-529
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• 2001

Purpose : To analyze organization variables related to nursing between the doctors' strike and normal periods. Methods : The sample consisted of 1,220(600 for doctors' strike and 620 for normal periods) nurses working in 5 hospitals. Six instruments were used for data collection including Job Activity Scale(JAS; Laschinger, 1994), Organization Relationship Scale(ORS; Laschinger, 1994), Interpersonal Support Scale(developed by Firth et al., 1986 and revised by Ahn(2000), Self-efficacy Scale(Riggs & Knight, 1994),Job Satisfaction Scale(Slavitts et al., 1978), and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire(OCQ; Mowday et al., 1979). Results : There were significant differences among variables(i.e., formal power, interpersonal support, self-efficacy and organizational commitment)between doctors' strike and normal periods. The formal power was high during the normal period, however interpersonal support, self-efficacy and organizational commitment were high during the doctors' strike. Conclusion : Interpersonal support, self-efficacy and job satisfaction were change by working conditions, but organizational commitment was not changed by working conditions.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.837-849
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• 2011

A self-organizing network is designed to estimate parameters of normal mixtures. SOMN achieves fast convergence and low possibility of divergence even when sample sizes are small, while PMLE eliminate unnecessary components. The proposed network effectively combines the good properties of SOMN and PMLE. Simulation verifies that the proposed network eliminates unnecessary components in normal mixtures when sample sizes are relatively small.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

Purpose - This study focuses on an empirical analysis of the factors affecting the behaviors of consumers who are extremely attached to branded products, and who commit themselves to renting them. Research design, data, methodology - The survey was conducted on college students enrolled in marketing classes. In total, 240 questionnaires were distributed. A total of 226 were returned. Questionnaires, excluding those that were void, were used for empirical analysis. We confirmed that the research model is sound by using a covariance structural analysis, and estimated its parameters. To estimate these parameters, a maximum likelihood method was used. Results - This study confirms that prominence and self-expressiveness positively affect brand attachment. Further, positive beliefs about, and the practicality of renting branded goods, influence attitudes toward their rental. In addition, commitment to renting branded goods is positively affected by attachment to the brand and attitude towards goods rental. Conclusions - Marketers should manage positive beliefs in and the practicability of renting branded goods, as well as the self-expressiveness and prominence of such products.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.223-228
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• 1980

Four monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were allowed to press a lever in their cages in order to earn access to one gram pieces of Panax ginseng root. Self-administration performance on an operant schedule (mult FR20 F11) was characterized by frequent pauses and increased intertrial interval responding. When given 23 hour unlimited access to ginseng root, as well as to food and water, all animals titrated their daily intake to approximately 1.5 g/kg. Gross behavioral changes included increases in vocalization, activity, stereotyped movements, and weight loss. These patterns of behavior are typical of those seen when monkeys self-administer psychomotor stimulants. Further studies on ginseng's reward value can be conducted using this animal model.