• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-123
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate antecedents and consequences of perceived justice of performance appraisals, which is classified as distributive and procedural justice, in hospital organization. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, for distributive justice of performance appraisals, the influential factors are the pertinence of performance appraisal method, the opportunity of self-reporting, the availability of performance appraisal, and the feedback of performance appraisal. For the procedural justice of performance appraisals, they are the leadership style of performance appraisers, the ratee-rater exchange relationship, the pertinence of performance appraisal method, the opportunity of self-reporting, and the feedback of performance appraisal. Second, the perceived justice weakly affects outcome variables, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. By these results, the performance appraisal system needs to be changed in order to enhance distributive justice through the improvement of suitable methods of the performance appraisal, the opportunity of self-reporting, the availability of performance appraisal, and the feedback of performance appraisals. If it is difficult to increase the level of distributive justice due to the environmental restrictions in hospitals, the way to enhance the procedural justice more than the distributive one should be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

The study investigates peer rating, one of the most commonly used sources of performance rating other than those of supervisors. On the whole, both field and laboratory studies indicate that peer assessment is a valid and reliable evaluation procedure, but on average, peer rating is not usually accurate. The aim of the investigation is to explore the relationship of beliefs and attitude about the performance appraisal system as well as a dispositional characteristic as self-monitoring with rating behavior. In particular, the study tests whether the relationship between rating context variables-appraisal self efficacy and appraisal validity- and rating behavior depends in part on the personality of the rater. Data from 445 undergraduate students are analyzed for hypotheses testing. The study finds evidences that the high on appraisal self efficacy and appraisal validity are more likely to affect discriminating rating tendency and to reduce rating level. Results also show that self-monitoring make the moderating effects between contextual factors and rating behaviors. Some implications, future research directions, and limitations are discussed.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

The present study aims to explore career maturity and influencing factors among elementary schoolers from poor families in Korea. Data are from 249 welfare recipient children in 10 administrative districts of Incheon. Scores of the work attitudes subdomain was lower than other aspects of career maturity including planning, self-appraisal, and independence in career decision-making. In the full sample, those in the higher academic years showed greater career maturity, planning, and self-appraisal, and those with greater parent attachment showed higher levels of self-appraisal. In separate analyses by gender, parent attachment showed greater influence on girls' career maturity. Finding from the separate analyses on lower vs. higher academic years (i.e. grades) revealed that parent attachment and female were associated with career maturity among lower graders, while academic achievement was associated with career maturity, planning, and self-appraisal among those in higher graders. Findings lend support to parental involvement in career education. Poor children might have limited perceptions of career focused on satisfying economic necessities. Career education should pay attention in helping them expand perceptions of the values of career.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relation of uncertainty, uncertainty appraisal, and self-management in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and to identify factors influencing self-management. Methods: A convenience sample of 92 patients receiving hemodialysis was selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and medical records. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The participants showed a moderate level of uncertainty with the highest score being for ambiguity among the four uncertainty subdomains. Scores for uncertainty danger or opportunity appraisals were under the mid points. The participants were found to perform a high level of self-management such as diet control, management of arteriovenous fistula, exercise, medication, physical management, measurements of body weight and blood pressure, and social activity. The self-management of participants undergoing hemodialysis showed a significant relationship with uncertainty and uncertainty appraisal. The significant factors influencing self-management were uncertainty, uncertainty opportunity appraisal, hemodialysis duration, and having a spouse. These variables explained 32.8% of the variance in self-management. Conclusion: The results suggest that intervention programs to reduce the level of uncertainty and to increase the level of uncertainty opportunity appraisal among patients would improve the self-management of hemodialysis patients.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.257-276
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child care teachers' emotional intelligence, communicative competence, and job stress. Methods: Four hundred and fifty child care teachers answered questionnaires on three research variables. Data were analyzed by correlation analyses and regression analyses. Results: First, child care teachers' emotional intelligence, i.e. self-emotion appraisal, others' emotion appraisal, uses of emotion, and regulation of emotion, were negatively related to job stress. Second, child care teachers' emotional intelligence, i.e. self-emotion appraisal, others' emotion appraisal, uses of emotion, and regulation of emotion, were positively associated with communicative competence. Third, child care teachers' communicative competence was negatively linked to job stress. Lastly, child care teachers' communicative competence partially mediated the relationship between self-emotion appraisal, others' emotion appraisal, regulation of emotion, and job stress, and child care teachers' communicative competence fully mediated the relationship between uses of emotion and job stress. Conclusion/Implications: This study suggests that high emotional intelligence and effective communication are important in order to reduce child care teachers' job stress.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.107-122
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• 1999

Based on the theoretical framework of the Double ABCX model of family stress and adaptation, this study was to analysis the causal relationships of stressors (psychological sexual, and physical wife abuse), personal resources (self-efficacy and self-esteem) and social support(emotional and informational support), appraisal(positive appraisal and downward comparisons) with adaptation (psychological well-being and somatic symptoms). Self-administered questionnaire method was used to collect data from 264 wives residing in Chonbuk-do and Kyonggi-do area. The causal model was tested and modified by the maximum likelihood method using UISREL 7 program. Results showed that wife abuse had effect on adaptation indirectly through the latent variables of personal resource and appraisal, which influenced the adaptation directly. In addition, social support indirectly affect the adaptation through personal resource and appraisal. It was also found that all these variables explained 27.6% of the total variance of wives'adaptation, and that personal resources was the most powerful variable in predicting the adaptation of the wives.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.7-22
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• 2017

Establishing greater reliability in property appraisal is critical because it promotes the public interest. Reliability is composed of competence and ethics. In particular, the ethics of property appraisal has individual and corporational aspects. This study aimed to evaluate how the ethical climate of a firm is affected by the scale of appraisal firms, thereby validating the effect of the 'Large Appraisal Firm System'. Hence, the ethical climate of appraisal firms, an indicator of inherent ethical value recognition, was investigated, divided into recognition of social responsibility and exclusion of self-interest. The study results showed that the ethical management systems of appraisal firms encourage the appraisers of such firms to be conscious of their social responsibility and to exclude self-interest in their work. The degree of such influence, however, differs according to the scale of appraisal firms. Based on these results, further research on the maintenance and operation of the ethical management systems of appraisal firms is required to enhance the reliability of property appraisal.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.893-904
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• 2000

The sample of this study consisted of 140 informal caregivers who provided care to the older adults(over 60 years of age) in Great Cleveland, USA. Self-rated questionnaires were utilized to collect information. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies most frequently utilized by informal caregivers of older adults and to examine predictors of the caregivers' health responses to the caregiving situation applying Lazarus and Folkman stress model(1984). Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors among caregivers' demographic-socio-economic factors, older adult's dependency of activities of daily living(ADLs), caregiver's appraisal to the caregiving situation, and coping strategies. Informal caregivers (N=140) included in the study utilized help-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies more than self-blame and minimization of threat coping strategies. Caregivers' responses to the caregiving situation were observed by caregivers' perceived physical health, depression and life satisfaction. For perceived physical health, threat appraisal, older adult's dependency on ADLs, existential growth coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 25% of the variance. Caregivers who appraised the caregiving situation as more threatening, reported higher dependency on ADLs, used more existential growth coping strategy, and had higher monthly income reported better physical health. For depression, threat appraisal, stress appraisal, existential growth coping strategy, self-blame coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 48% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping and less self-blame coping, appraised the situation as less threatening, less stressful, and had higher monthly income reported less depression. For life satisfaction, self-blame coping, existential growth coping, monthly income, stress appraisal accounted for 49% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping, less self-blame coping, less stress appraisal, lower monthly income reported better life satisfaction. In conclusion, informal caregivers in this study utilized positive coping strategies such as problem-focused, existential growth, help-seeking, rather than negative coping strategies including self-blame. When they utilized positive coping strategies more often, caregivers experienced higher perceived physical health, higher life satisfaction and lower depression. Therefore, nursing intervention which utilized positive coping strategies is needed to enhance informal caregivers to have positive health responses to the caregiving demands.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.8
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• pp.145-162
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• 1997

Performance appraisal system is to evaluate employee' work performance, work ability and work attitude. It becomes a important foundation of personnel management. This system's goal is to accomplish employee ability development. The purpose of this study is to make some contributions in order to efficient performance appraisal system of hotels by analyzing the problems of current performance appraisal system. The suggestions for efficient performance appraisal system are as follows: 1. Performance appraisal by job analysis. 2. Though evaluators' training for objective assessment. 3. The assistance system of appraisal results for employees. 4. Magnifying use of appraisal results. 5. Object management strategy by using self-rating.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.751-773
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• 1995

We, clinical nurse specialists practising and guiding student practice in a Community health nursing clinic, wanted to develop a family pattern appraisal consistent with Rogers' conceptual system, the nursing model guiding our practice. We use Rogers' model because it is harmonious with the traditional Korean view of the one human, natural and cosmic world. The purpose of our research was to contribute to science - based nursing practice, not only, one helpful model, but also a model of how to use, in guiding practice, a conceptual system which reflects nurse practitioners' philosophy of nursing, is intellectually satisfying, and enriches meaning in daily nursing life. The research objectives were to review the literature on Rogers' model and analyse it according to Kim's five - level analytical framework, to explore Rogers' definition of family, to review appraisals based on Rogers' model, and to develop a family appraisal which is culturally appropriate for use in our community. This work including the use of the appraisal and its refinement with families in our practice which was done during 1994 and 1995, in Seoul, in the Capital of the Republic of Korea. At the highest level of analysis, Rogers conceptual system emphasizes acausality and multidimentional meaning ; the world view is characterized by process, movement and wholeness. The epistemology Is one of holism and the knowledge base includes all forms of experience, from sensory to mystical, objective, and subjective. At the metaparadigm level, nursing focuses on the unitary human being and the environment. At the level of nursing philosophy, the model identifies human being, nursing, nurse, and illness and health. At the paradigm level the model assumes the irriducibility of the human to parts, noncausality and continual change. Rogers' practice methodology consists of pattern manifestation appraisal and deliberative mutual patterning. Under-standing patterns and patterning of people is the key to helping them achieve their potential. At the theory level, the basic assumptions, key concepts, and homeodynamic principles were identified. Rogers states the family energy field is an undividable, four-dimensional negentropic energy field which is in a larger envircinmental field show-ing such characteristics as cannot be predicted by knowledge of individual family members. Based on the word of Rogers scholars, we chose Rogers' correlates of patterning to understand the family unit as a whole-frequency, rhythms, motion, time perception, sleeping-waking beyond waking, pragmatic -imaginative-visionary to develop the appraisal. We, also used some of Barrel's (1988) criteria including interpersonal network and professional health care access and use, and Cordon's (1982) criteria including self perception - self concept modified to fit the family. Our family Pattern appraisal included 1. Influencirg data, 2. Professional health care access and use, 3. Family self perception-self concept, 4. Family interpersonal network, 5. Sleep-wake-be-yond waking, 6. Pragmatic-imaginary-visionary, 7. Family frequency and rhythm, 8. Family motion, 9. Family time perception. The appraisal was used with four families and modified to eliminate overlap and to make it possible for the family member to express themselves more easily. We plan to gain more experience with the appraisal toward further development of the tool.