• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

To compensate the problems of chemical assay in detoxification of recalcitrant and a practical approach in selection of bioremediation bacteria, a simple and rapid toxicity evaluation system was constructed based on Lumbricus rubellus. Long term-culture and specific equipment are not necessary, and semi-quantitative analysis of toxicity at sub-lethal concentration is possible by measuring of dose-dependent increased yellowish secreted compounds. When the toxicity of endosulfan, its metabolites and structurally related chemicals were measured for 24 h, the results were coincided with previous reports. Toxicity was found in endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, aldrin, and dieldrin, respectively. Rapid and economic selection of endosulfan-detoxifying bacteria was possible using our system. Klebsiella pneumoniae KE-1, K. oxytoca KE-8 and Pseudomonas sp. KS-2P, reported endosulfan degrading bacteria, ameliorated the endosulfan toxicity, whereas E. coli, B. subtilis and other bacteria failed to protect the toxicity of endosulfan in L. rubellus. Our results suggest that the constructed system is useful to selection of microorganism as well as toxicity evaluation against toxic recalcitrants.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.100-116
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• 2002

There are several purpose to introduce microorganism into the Soil. The major purpose is to promote plant growth and inhibit plant pathogens. The model example is to put in nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria, Pythium and Rhizobium. In order to achieve the intended goal, the introduced microorganism should survive and colonize with sufficient density. The survival of introduced microorganism depend upon biotic and abiotic factors. Predation and competition are important among biotic factor. Water tension, organic carbon, inorganic nutrients(N, P), pH are important factor among abiootic factor. Soil texture and distribution of soil pore are also important in the survival and colonization of introduced microorganism. Selection by soil ecosystem for inoculant is a crucial factor for colonization. Good example are control of autochtonous microorganism and the introduction of surfactant biodegrading Pseudomonas. Sometimes, carriers such as peat and montmorillonite can be added to help colonization. Carriers can protect introduced microorganism by supplying protective microhabitat. Organic polymer is also used as a carrier to immobilize bacteria or industrial enzymes. Examples of these carrier are calcium alginate, agarose and k-carrageenan. The function of these carrier is to provide microhabitat and help colonization for introduced microorganism.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1993

For prevention of hospital infection, selection of adequate disinfectants by clinical pharmacist is very important role in hospital pharmacy and for performing this role, pharmaceutical, chemical and microbial knowledge of disinfectants and nosocomial microorganism are required to hospital pharmacists. Therefore, to make sure of guideline for choice of disinfectants, author clarifies the distinctive character of disinfectants which are supplied to clinical departments and wards from hospiatal pharmacy in Korea and arrange the specific attention for use of each disinfectants

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 1987

The studies on the screening and properties of Raw Starch Saccharifying Microorganism were as follows;Apotent mold strain was selected and screened to digest raw starch, which was classified as a strain of Aspergillus sp. SN-871. The crude enzyme production was maximized when grown on wheat bran media for 5 days at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0. The stable range of pH was 2 to 5.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.264-268
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• 1995

Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay was performed on the human lung carcinoma, A549 cell line to screen soil microorganisms for production of anti-cancer agent. Among 4, 265 microorganisms, 45 isolates were selected for their cytotoxicity and tested for their effects on the expression of c-myc by RNA slot blot and Northern blot analysis resulting in selection of No.2303 isolate. This No.2303 was identified as Streptomyces sp. by ISP classification and the chemotaxonomic analysis method. NO.2303 inhibited the expression of cmyc in Col0320 DM and A549 cell lines. The culture extract of No. 2303 also inhibited the progression of the cell cycle of Go in NIH 313 cells, implying that the extract also inhibited the expression of c-myc in NIH 313 cell.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 1998

This study was performed to select media for the development of biological activated carbon process. Using activated carbon made by Norit, Calgon, Samchully Co., removal efficiency of humic acid by the isothermal adsorption test and biodegradation of organic matters by microbes attached to BAC and observation and counting of microbes attached to BAC were examined. The removal efficiency of humic acid with dose of activated carbon was influenced by initial concentration. Compared with other activated carbon, Norit was found to be most effective in view of adsorption capacity, biodegradation of organic matter, and attachment characteristics of microorganism. In conclusion, Norit which has high adsorption capacity and good biodegradation of organic matter was recommended for selecting media in BAC process.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1997

For the purpose of acquiring microbial agents that can be utilized to billogically control the major airborne disease to apple trees, such as canker(Valsa ceratosperma), the effective microorgaisms were isolated, tested for antagonistic activity to the pathogen causing major disease to apple trees and identifed. Screening of more than 3, 000 species of microorganisms collected in nature for them antagonistic action to the pathogen, Valsa ceratosperma causing disease to apple tree resulted in selection of effective species. Out of the 11 species, one species designated as CAP141 demonstrated outstanding activity. The bacterial strain, CAP141 exerted antagonistic efficiency of 65% on Valsa ceratosperma. The CAP141 was identified as a bacterial strain to Bacillus subtilis based on morphology, culture conditions, and physio-biochemical characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.95-112
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• 1998

For the effective disposal of organic food wastes, we seleted 4 strains of microorganism from 186 microbial candidate via enzyme activity test, salt tolerance, food decomposition rate, stability and safety of strains. The identity of these 4 strains are as follows : Fungi is Rhizopus sp., yeasts are Galactomyces sp., Pichia sp. and Hyphopichia sp., In the 50L fermenter scale, we tested various fermenting factor for the optimization of conditions of food waste decomposition using 4 selected strains. The optimum fomenting conditions were as follows : BIO-CHIP Volume 25-30 L, BIO CHIP size 2.0-6.0mm, air flow 200-280L/min, mixing intensity 2-4rpm, temperature $30-45^{\circ}C$. In these fermenting conditions, the efficiency of decomposition(rate of weight loss of food wastes) were 93%. Also the quality of fermenting output were assayed at the basis of fertilizer, and the results were as good as general compost.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Some microorganisms extant in nature have ability to suppress various plant pathogens, and also can promote plant growth. Thus microorganisms are such great source of antimicrobial agents to develop antagonistic microorganism production and eco-friendly crop management. We isolated the microorganisms in various eco-friendly formulations. The suppressive abilities against plant pathogens have been characterized in vitro level. METHODS AND RESULTS: The indigenous microorganisms have been isolated from Cooked rice, Black sugar, Rice Bran, and Red clay using dilution plating method. Population of bacteria and fungi were above 107 in the all formulations. We isolated and pure cultured the microorganisms based on morphological characteristics. Three major plant pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici) have been used to select antagonistic microorganisms. Total 20 bacteria and 9 fungi showed the pathogen growth suppression ability in vitro condition. The selected microorganisms were identified by ITS sequence similarity. CONCLUSION: All tested eco-friendly formulations contained high-density of the microorganisms. Among the isolated microorganisms, Bacillus spp. and Streptomyces spp. showed the most effective antifungal activity against the plant pathogens such as F. oxysporum, R. solani, and P. capsici. Among the selected fungi Trichoderma sp. demonstrated antifungal activity. Our results suggest that the currently adapted eco-friendly formulations might useful for sustain agricultural system.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2002

'Probiotics' as a live microbial feed supplementation which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its microbial balance and it is known to as a substitue for antibiotics in livestock feed industry. Lactic acid bacteria as a Lactobacillus sp. is formed acid and decrease pH in gastro-intestine that is result in suppress harmful microorganism. Lactobacillus sp. also produces vitamin and a variety amino acids. Yeast as a saccharomyces sp. secretes digestive enzymes, decreases ammonia emission and increases feed palatability by alcohol and glutamic acid. The effects of dietary probiotics in monogastric animals that improve weight gain and feed efficiency ratio and decrease diarrhea accurence frequency in pigs. Also, probiotics increase egg production ratio and beneficial microorganisms in laying hens. In broiler, they have more gain weight and lower blood cholesterol concentrations by probiotics. However, the other study reported probiotics supplementation in animal diets has no effect on ADG, G/F or performance. Thus, future study in these area will allow for more efficient use of the probiotics, selection of more superior microorganism and development of more efficient environment-friendly probiotics like a photosynthetic bacteria.